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Calla
Emilio Aguinaldo 18991901
BSA - 1
Manuel L. Quezon, 19351944
Contributions and
Achievements:
-first (and only)
controversial. He was
(Malolo Republic)
-signed the Pact of
president of the
Japanese occupation of
Commonwealth of the
Monetary Fund.
Philippines. He is known as
Contributions and
later by an amnesty
Achievements:
-became president at
Philippine revolutionaries
-known as the
Pambansa). He died of
proclamation in 1948.
Contributions and
President of the
Contributions and
Revolutionary Government
-led the Philippines in
New York.
Achievements:
-since the early
Achievements:
-inaugurated as the
first president of the new
Achievements:
-first Senate
become president
-joined with U.S.
War
president elected as
Philippines
-organized KALIBAPI
(Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod
sa Bagong Pilipinas, or
election
occupation
-Philippine National
presidency
-under his term, the
New Philippines), a
provisional government
-youngest president,
taking office at age 28
-longest-lived
president, passing away at 94
Contributions and
Tagalog/Filipino as the
presidency
-appears on the 50-
and 18 days.
peso bill
Philippines
peso bill
engineer. He died in an
th,
president.
Contributions and
Achievements:
plane.
the Philippines.
-Hukbalahap guerrilla
Contributions and
Contributions and
Achievements:
Achievements:
presidency
-Hukbalahap movement
1957.
Commission
Contributions and
Contributions and
on Guerilla Affairs
Achievements:
to be distributed in
Achievements:
landless
second term
investors
market
Philippines Independence
forces
Day
well-governed countries
from Bohol
Law (P 4.00)
1972
-established National
Resettlement and
Veterans Bank
Rehabilitation Administration
countries in Asia
agrarian reforms
th,
House of Representatives
president, he restored
children.
infrastructure improvements
Contributions and
Ferdinand Marcos'
Achievements:
Contributions and
controversy involved
Robredo to serve as
Achievements:
in 2010.
Contributions and
growth
Contributions and
Achievements:
Achievements:
death in 2012
Philippine Independence
faced impeachment
Centennial in 1998
the Philippines
Asian country
-restored democracy
were captured
Press Secretary to
Presidential Communications
Philippines
funds.
Economic Cooperation
Outstanding Senators in
Contributions and
bonuses to Government
1989
Achievements:
government
Philippines in 1996
the country
became an international
members
so far
branch of government
outside Luzon
Liberation Front
the needy
Benigno Aquino
Georgetown Universitys
including:
Asians of the
th
20 Century
65 Great Asian
Heroes
J. William Fulbright
Understanding
Definition of Terms
Lyceum of the Philippines
University
Austerity Program
The Lyceum of the Philippines University-Manila is an institute of higher education located in Intramuros in the City of Manila,
Philippines. It was founded in 1952 by Dr. Jos P. Laurel, who became the third president of the Philippines.
a program of economic controls aimed at reducing current consumption so as to improve the national economy especially by
increased exports
Commonwealth
The Commonwealth of the Philippines (Tagalog: Komonwelt ng Pilipinas; Spanish: Mancomunidad de Filipinas)[1] was the
administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from
1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country. It replaced the Insular Government, a United States territorial government, and
was established by the TydingsMcDuffie Act. The Commonwealth was designed as a transitional administration in preparation
for the country's full achievement of independence. [10]
During its more than a decade of existence, the Commonwealth had a strong executive and a Supreme Court. Its legislature,
dominated by the Nacionalista Party, was at first unicameral, but later bicameral. In 1937, the government selected Tagalogthe
language of Manila and its surrounding provincesas the basis of the national language, although it would be many years
before its usage became general. Women's suffrage was adopted and the economy recovered to its pre-Depression level
before the Japanese occupation in 1942.
The Commonwealth government went into exile from 1942 to 1945, when the Philippines was under Japanese occupation. In
1946, the Commonwealth ended and the Philippines reclaimed full sovereignty as provided for in Article XVIII of the 1935
Bell Trade Act
The Bell Trade Act of 1946, also known as the Philippine Trade Act, was an act passed by the United States Congress specifying the
economic conditions governing the independence of the Philippines from the United States.[1][2] The United States Congress offered $800
million for post World War II rebuilding funds if the Bell Trade Act was ratified by Philippine legislature, which duly approved the measure on
July 2, two days before independence from the United States of America.
Authored by Missouri Congressman C. Jasper Bell, the Bell Trade Act linked the Philippine economy to the United States economy in several
ways:
A system of preferential tariffs was established, undermining control over imports and exports by the Philippine government;
The Philippine currency, the peso, was pegged to the US dollar;
The Philippine government was obligated not to place restrictions on currency transfers from the Philippines to the United States;
a "parity" clause granted U.S. citizens and corporations equal access with Philippine citizens to Philippine minerals, forests and other natural
resources, despite provisions in the Philippine constitution (1935) to the contrary which the act required to be amended.[3]
Filipino nationalists denounced the Bell Trade Act. Even the reliably pro-American Philippine President Sergio Osmea called it a "curtailment
of Philippine sovereignty, virtual nullification of Philippine independence." In 1955, nine years after passage of the Bell Trade Act, a revised
United StatesPhilippine Trade Agreement (the LaurelLangley Agreement) was negotiated to replace it.[3] This treaty abolished the United
States authority to control the exchange rate of the peso, made parity privileges reciprocal, extended the sugar quota, and extended the time
period for the reduction of other quotas and for the progressive application of tariffs on Philippine goods exported to the United States.
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
Since the country was severely tarnished
by the war, the economy was struggling
because of low output growth and high
unemployment rates. Production became
low because farms and factories were
ruined. Production of rice, sugar, coconuts,
abaca, coconut oil, cigars, tobacco, gold
and chrome, and manganese and lumber
was put to a halt because of the
destruction of manufacturing facilities.
Because businesses were closing, there
were no more jobs available for people.
Unemployment rates were rising at a fast
pace. Education also severely weakened.
School buildings were destroyed and
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
When Manuel Roxas started his term as
the first president of the third republic, he
was left with the post-war state of
Philippines. Production decreased,
education diminished, unemployment rate
increased, interference from America
heightened, and the HUKBALAHAP
movement intensified. Since this was the
state of the country, his inauguration
speech centralized on the rehabilitation of
the country. In exchange for 800 million
dollars of rehabilitation money, the Bell
Trade Act or the Philippine Trade Act was
signed. Along with that policy, others like
the General Amnesty and Military Bases
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
Poverty was present specifically by the
starvation problems of the people in the
Mountain Province. Wages of people
cannot compensate with the expenses of
th people and the prices of the products
due to inflation. Famrlands were also
disturbed by locusts and plagues of rats
which render crops and was useless for
the farmers. Housing was a huge problem
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
When Quirinos administration started,
postwar reconstruction was still
undergoing and the HUKS were still
creating riot in the country. The economy
was fluctuating because of the rise in the
unemployment rate and inflation; and
problems regarding housing, education,
poverty and farmland intensified. To solve
the problems in the country, he promised
to repair the existing system. He also
plans to control the prices and make
producers consumers too. PACSA, ACCFA,
Labor Management Advisory Board, Rural
Banks, Fireside chats, and HUKBALAHAP
amnesty were the programs/policies he
established during his administration.
Unfortunate families, farmers, his
administration, HUKBALAHAP members,
and the general public were benefited
from this. Problems like the uprising of the
HUKS still resumed during his time despite
the amnesty. He was also not able to
remedy the problems of the masses.
Controversies like cheating in the elections
and using government money to purchase
a Golden Orinola made the people despise
his administration.
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
Land Reform Problems
Hukbalahap Rebellion
Lack of funding for the rehabilitation of the
Philippines from the damages from World
War 2
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
Ramon Magsaysay was dubbed as the
guy because many considered him as the
president who really connected and
represented the common man being a
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
The main problem that was facing the
Garcia administration was the current
economic situation during that time.
Corruption was also prevalent in the
country since he had just inherited the
Magsaysay administration. Several cases
of corruption were found within the
government offices during his
administration.
The imports that were coming in the
country greatly outnumbered the exports
that we were shipping out of the country,
making the Philippines highly dependent
on foreign products that required dollars
to purchase.
Austerity Program
Even though the Austerity Program was
launched in order to help eliminate the
corruption within the government. The
result was very unsuccessful since the
problem carried over to the next
administration.
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
The focus of the Garcia administration
focused on economic independence from
foreign interest. Garcia wanted the
Philippines to be an industrialized, self
sustaining country that would not have to
heavily rely on the products of foreign
companies.
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
Unemployment
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
Diosdado Macapagal was chosen by the
people of the Philippines to be their
president in 1961 and his term ended in
1965. Considered to be incorruptible by
most during the time, he may have served
as an inspiration to his people. Thats why
he included the need for the country to
have a good grasp of good morals and
ethics. He also wanted to end corruption,
poverty, homelessness, and other various
problems that plagued the common man.
During his entire term however, none of
what he promised or wanted was really
achieved. This makes him look quite bad
as a leader of the country contrary to what
he was supposed to be seen as. Hes the
type of person whos more on talk rather
than action. The devaluation of the
Philippine Peso started during his term
which makes him, in the eyes of some, the
root of a lot of todays problems in the
country. Other than that, he returned free
trade and free enterprise to the country
which crushed local goods and businesses
which continue to suffer up to today. When
it came to his promises to the common
man, the farmers in particular, he was
Decentralization Act
Investment Incentives Act of 1967
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
During his first term Marcos focused on
developing the countrys infrastructure,
economy and the agriculture industry.
Marcos helped the Philippines reach
economic prosperity during the first few
years of his terms, also putting up a lot of
schools; he put up more schools than all of
the previous presidents combined.
Constant threats to the Marcos
administration led him to the
implementation of Martial Law. The whole
country was put under the militarys
control. It was well received during the
first year as crime rates all over the
Philippines dropped and given the social
turmoil in the Philippines at the time it was
deemed necessary. But after nine years,
the military took more excessive actions.
Military units were in control of domestic
air flights, all incoming calls in the
Philippines were not allowed and even
stricter curfews were implemented.
The downfall of his administration came
when Benigno Aquino was assassinated
this fueled even more activist to go into
rallies to fight against his administration.
In 1986 Marcos held a snap election in
order to stop rumors that his government
was being overthrown. Ultimately he was
driven out of the country with People
Power.
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
Displeased citizens
Power Shortage/Rampant Brownouts
Inauguration Speech:
I, as president of the Philippines, will serve
and defend its fundamental law, execute
its just laws, do justice to every man, and
consecrate myself to the service of the
nation, so help me God.
h.)
executive order no.88
Cory issues Executive Order 48: Creating
an Ad Hoc Special Committee to supervise
the liquidation of the affairs of the
Constitutional Commission of 1986,
preservation of its records, and to
undertake its constitutional education
campaign.
i.)
United States trading in the First
Philippine Fund Inc.
On November 9, she opens United States
trading in the First Philippine Fund Inc. She
later spoke at a meeting of the United
States Chamber of Commerce and the
United States-Philippine Business
Committee, where she urged American
business to increase its investment in the
Philippines.
g.)
Proclamation no.3
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
Corazon Aquino became the president of
the country because the people believed
she was the positive change they needed
especially since her husband, Ninoy, who
was supposed to be the change for the
country, passed away in a gunshot. During
her administration, Cory was plagued by
coup detats by various groups that
foreign investors started to pull their
investments from the country. Thats why
a lot of her efforts were pointed towards
disaster management from the various
groups and sometimes, her motherly
methods such as giving cake worked. She
was also linked to controversies such as
massacring farmers in Mendiola and
holding the land she inherited rather than
having it distributed. Despite these
problems, The economy still had a positive
growth during her term with an average of
Fishermen
Farmers
Agricultural Businesses
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE
Tax reformation from 4% to 10%
Organized Cooperatives
Ended oligopolies in shipping,
telecommunications, and banking
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
Graft and Corruption
Graft and corruption was pretty eminent
not just during Estradas administration.
Obviously, we all know Estrada was
sanctioned to have been getting or
robbing money from the governments
fund to use for his own personal interest.
That is why he was impeached due to his
plunder and perjury case.
Asian Financial Crisis
The Central bank raised interest rates by
1.75%. The BSP was forced to intervene
heavily to defend the peso raising the
overnight rate from 15% to 24%. The pesa
fell from 26 per dollar to 28 pesos to 40
pesos by the end of the crisis.
El Nino
The El Nino led to too many problems in
the country. One of which is the serious
drought of lands in the rural areas that
cause the unemployment of the farmers
and the rise of the prices of rice.
Poverty
Of the 14.37 million families, 5.75 million
belonged to the lowest 40% income group
while 8.62 million in the highest 60%
income bracket. In terms of percentage to
total families, families in the highest 60%
income strata got the biggest percentage
in almost all indicators. But in terms of the
percentage to the total families within
Impeachment Trial
This was the first time Filipinos would
witness, through radio and television, an
elected president stand in trial and face
possible impeachment with full media
coverage. During the trial, the prosecution
presented witnesses and alleged
evidences to the impeachment court
regarding Estradas alleged involvement in
jueteng. The existence of secret bank
accounts that he allegedly used for
receiving payoffs was also brought affront.
Singson stood as witness against the
president during the trial and said that he
and the President were alleged partners
in-charge of the countrywide jueteng
operations. Singsons testimony was one
of the vital pieces of evidence that led to
Estradas subsequent conviction.
WHAT THE PRESIDENT DID
With Eraps plunder and perjury case, he
did not do anything about it to prove that
he is not doing some illegal acts. He just
made a way to erase the thought in
peoples minds. Because his market is the
masa and the masa does not care about
how their president act as long as he is
doing something to uplift their sufferings,
they do not keep in mind what Erap is
doing may it be against the law or not. He
just let the government take away his
position by the impeachment trial. Eraps
perjury case was different. The Jose
Velardo account was obviously one case
which Estrada together with his supporters
.
SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE