GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 1
increases

(ii)

decreases

(b)

105 kJ per mole

(c)

while bond length increases

bond energy decreases

1
1

(d)

none
because astatine is likely to be insoluble

1
1

(e)

C1, Br, I, At
or if one out of order

(f)

no
as bond energy decreases
expect reactivity to increase

e.c
ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 2

om

(i)

ma

(a)

2
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 12

sulphur dioxide

(b)

-10oC

(c)

the gas has been dried

pH paper reacts to aqueous solutions

(d)

pH falls below 7 / paper becomes yellow/orange/red

(e)

2SO2 + O2

(f)

catalyst

(g)

heat given out

(h)

SO3 + H2O H2SO4

(i)

the bulk of the liquid absorbs the heat

so no spray is caused

1
1

ww
w.c

he

(a)

2SO3

1
1
1
1

1
1

TOTAL 13

GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 3
(i)

yellow/green gas

(ii)

iron(III) chloride

(iii)

2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2FeCl3(s)

(iv)

chlorine is poisonous

(b)

less vigorous

(c)

(i) 2Na(s) + Br2(l) 2NaBr(s)

om

(a)

e.c

(ii) potassium and fluorine

potassium is the most reactive metal (1), fluorine the most reactive non-metal (1)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 4

2
1
2

TOTAL 11

glowing splint - relights in oxygen but not in nitrogen

(ii)

flame - 'pop' noise in hydrogen only or litmus paper goes red and then bleached
in chlorine only

(iii)

lime water goes white/milky in carbon dioxide only

(iv)

litmus goes blue in ammonia solution only

he

ma

(i)

ww
w.c

[ The above will perhaps be the most common answers - there are alternative answers!]

TOTAL 10

QUESTIONSHEET 5
(a)

(i)
S
mass(g)
3.2
moles:
3.2/32=0.1
ratio
1
So formula is SO2
(ii)

(b)

(c)

:
:
:
:

O
3.2
3.2 / 16 = 0.2
2

oxygen

1
1
1
1

(i) a reaction that can go backwards or forwards

(ii) SO2 + 2O2

2SO3

in oxygen there is less distance between the nucleus and the outer shell/orbit (1),
therefore more easy to gain electrons (1)

2
TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 6
1
1

(i)

nitrogen

(ii)

nitrogen

(iii)

potassium

(c)

magnesium

(d)

Mr for NH4NO3 = 14+4+14+48 = 80

80 g NH4NO3 contains 28 g nitrogen
28
100 = 35%
N content =
80

QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)

2, 8, 5
xx

(c)

(d)

ww
w.c

x
x
H o P o H
xo
H

(b)

ctiv

the nitrate also supplies potassium

ma

(e)

he

(b)

om

N,P,K are the chemical symbols of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

fertilisers contain these

e.c

(a)

1
1
1
1
TOTAL 10

Formula PH3

(i)

gas

(ii)

covalent bonding
weak attraction between molecules

1
1

fertilisers

1
TOTAL 8

GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 8
appearance: thin/ mobile amber/yellow

structure: short chains of sulphur atoms

appearance: liquid becomes thicker

structure: chains of sulphur atoms tangle

(b)

allotropes

(c)

must have cooled slowly

trapping crystals under surface
needle structure disappears/ become lozenge-shaped

(ii)

none

e.c

(i)

ctiv

(d)

om

(a)

QUESTIONSHEET 9
points plotted correctly
best fit curve

(b)

support

(c)

appears to help prevent tooth decay

(d)

involves enforced "mass medication" / too much fluoride is harmful

(e)

tablet form
toothpaste

ww
w.c

he

ma

(a)

1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7

GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 10
methane, ammonia, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide

(b)

points correctly plotted

best fit curve

1
1

(i)

0.86 dm3

(ii)

0.60 dm3

(i)

46 g

(ii)

N = 14, & O = 16, so sum = 30

to make 46 one more O is needed
so formula = NO2

(d)

e.c

(c)

om

(a)

HF = 1 + 19 = 20
line drawn on graph from 20 on x axis to curve
line drawn on graph from curve to y axis
from graph, volume = 1.2
dm3

ma

ctiv

(e)

QUESTIONSHEET 11

TOTAL 19

(ii)

two atoms per molecule

(iii)

2,8,7.

(iv)

Cl atom gains an electron (1) to become a negative Cl ion/Cl- (1)

(i)

At2

ww
w.c

he

fluorine

1
1
1

(ii) black solid

(iii) seven

(iv)

xx

At
xx

xx

(b)

1
1
1
1
1

(i)

xo

(a)

1
1
1

or H-At

Type of bonding covalent

2
1

TOTAL 11

GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 12
B

(i)

A, B & E

(ii)

do not conduct heat/not shiny/low boiling point - any two

(c)

Type of bonding: covalent/electrons shared by the two non-metals

Reason: atoms covalently bonded together give molecules
forces of attraction between molecules are weak/molecules are easily seperated

1
1
1

(d)

hydrogen

(b)

om

(a)

e.c

[A = sulphur, B = bromine, C = sodium, D = copper, E = hydrogen]

(a)

the existence of an element in two or more forms

(i)

he

(2)

(2)

(i)

carbon atoms are linked by very strong covalent bonds

in a three-dimensional/ macromolecular structure

(ii)

carbon atoms use only three of their outer electrons to form covalent bonds
remaining electrons are delocalised/ can move along the layers and therefore conduct electricity

ww
w.c

(c)

(ii)

ma

(b)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 13

TOTAL 9

1
1
1
1

TOTAL 9

QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

bromine
carbon
chlorine
sulphur or oxygen

1
1
1
1

(b)

NH3 covalent

(d)

sulphur

(d)

X = sulphur or oxygen
Y = carbon

1
1
TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 15

(b)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

(c)

no smell/tasteless/colourless/almost insoluble in water/lighter than air - any two

zinc (1) hydrochloric acid (1) [and many more!]

make sure that there is no air/oxygen left in the apparatus before igniting
water
anhydrous copper sulphate (1) goes from white to blue (1)
or anhydrous cobalt chloride (1) goes from blue to purple (1)

2
1
1

helium

om

(a)

(a)

(i) C (ii) B

(b)

(i)

iodine (ii) diamond (iii) sodium chloride

(c)

(i)

the breaking down of a substance by electricity

(ii)

2 in front of the Cl (1), + 2e- (1)

he

QUESTIONSHEET 17

ma

ctiv

(iii)

e.c

QUESTIONSHEET 16

TOTAL 9

3
3
1
2

TOTAL 9

water vapour

(b)

helium

(c)

becomes solid

(d)

nitrogen

(e)

fractional distillation

(f)

N = 78%, O = 21%

(g)

some oxygen dissolves in water

nitrogen does not

1
1

(h)

less of it in air

(i)

carbon dioxide is soluble in water

ww
w.c

(a)

1
1
1
1

TOTAL 11

GCSE CHEMISTRY

NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)

A = carbon, B = lime water/calcium hydroxide

(b)

C = decomposition, D = photosynthesis, E = oxidation/burning

(c)

heat (1) with carbon (1)

(d)

fizzy drinks/fire extinguisher/'dry ice' - any one

(e)

CO2 (1) 2

(f)

CO2 has a simple molecular structure, SiO2 has a giant molecular structure

e.c

om

2 (1)

QUESTIONSHEET 19
(i)

O,

(b)

(i)

carbon (ii)

K
sodium

(i)
(ii)

two
two

(e)

(i)
(ii)

three
seven

he

(d)

ma

iron and sulphur

sodium, oxygen and hydrogen
potassium chloride

ww
w.c

(c)

(ii)

ctiv

(a)

TOTAL 12

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL 9

QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)

(i)

increase

(ii)

increase

(i)

gas

(ii)

gas

(iii)

liquid

(iv)

solid

(c)

solid

(d)

insoluble

(e)

F, C1, Br, I, At
1 if 1 out of order

(b)

1
1
1

TOTAL 10