73

Of these,

diagonal t e n s i o n c r a c k f a i l u r e is dependent on the

s t r e n g t h of the c o n c r e t e .

tensile

It was t h e r e f o r e of i n t e r e s t to study

the

influence_of the r e i n f o r c e m e n t p e r c e n t a g e on c o r n e r e f f i c i e n c y .

Four
p

P-J

p-

simple reinforcement layouts were

Three tests were

percentages of

c a r r i e d out on e v e r y d e t a i l w i t h
| J l ^ _ 0 . 5,

0.75 a n d

1. 1 % .

percentage

|Jl = A ^ / b d ,

reinforcement.

[cm]

where

Ag

6.1

Dimensions

FIG.

and

6.2

Diagrams

of bending

m e t h o d of l o a d i n g of t e s t

moment

model.

and n o r m a l f o r c e (N).

The readings

taken

reinforcement

The tests were

is the a r e a of the m a i n

the test p r o g r a m m e ,

( M ) , shear f o r c e (V)

and test

properties

tensile

c a r r i e d o u t i n 1965 - 1966 a n d

extensively described i n a test report

FIG.

The

reinforcement

35

c h o s e n as a n i n t r o d u c t i o n .

_6-3

This report

of m a t e r i a l s ,

were

describes

m e t h o d of t e s t i n g

results.

were
The f i r s t r e i n f o r c e m e n t detail studied i n specimens U20,

1.

Measurement

of the a p p l i e d l o a d

2.

Measurement

of the d f l e c t i o n s b y m e c h a n i c a l d i a l gauges

3.

Measurement

o f c^;axk^widths at t h e c o r n e r s

U22 was

by a

U21 and

r e i n f o r c e d i n t h e s a m e w a y as t h e p i l o t t e s t s i n c h a p t e r

but without c o m p r e s s i o n

reinforcement,

see

FIG.

6.3.

crack

microscope
4.

Measurement

of s t r a i n s

i n the. r e i n f o r a e m e n t b y s t r a i n

gauges.

In o r d e r to s i m p l i f y the p r e s e n t a t i o n
described
ties,

only i n outline.

test results

etc a r e

The test p r o g r a m m e
work.
test,

The results

The test p r o g r a m m e ,
described

the tests

material

are

proper-

in greater detail in A P P E N D I X A .

g r a d u a l l y e x t e n d e d i n the c o u r s e of t h e

obtained i n each test were analysed

and the continued test p r o g r a m m e

the conclusions
of t h e

was

i n this chapter,

was

after

the

r e v i s e d i n v i e w of

obtained i n this w a y w i t h r e g a r d to the f u n c t i o n

reinforcement.
FIG.

6.2

T e s t s on some s i m p l e r e i n f o r c e m e n t

In this phase of the i n v e s t i g a t i o n i t was

details

Outer

of i n t e r e s t to c o m p a r e

e f f i c i e n c i e s of s o m e s i m p l e and c o m m o n l y used c o r n e r

the

6.3

shutters

practice.

removed.

On loading to f a i l u r e ,

the same type of c r a c k i n g o c c u r r e d i n the

reinforcecorners

ment details.

Reinforcement in accordance with earlier

Five fundamental reasons for failure in corners

as i n t h e p i l o t t e s t s .

The p o r t i o n of the c o r n e r

outside

and
the bent r e i n f o r c e m e n t was pushed

joints subjected to bending m o m e n t w e r e dealt w i t h i n chapter 4.

o f f due to d i a g o n a l

tension

5,