Section A (Source-Based Case Study) BRAODRICK SEC.

SCH 2009
Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates.
Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the
questions.
You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those
sources you are told to use it. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge
of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.
1 (a)

Study Source A.
What is the message of the poster? Explain your answer, using details of
the poster.

(b)

(5)

Study Sources B and C.

In what ways are these accounts of the UN peacekeeping efforts
different? Explain your answer.

(6)

How effective have been the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces in keeping peace?
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Read this carefully. It may help you to answer some of the questions.
The United Nations peacekeeping role began as early as 1948. It has proven to be an
important means of maintaining international peace and security. The UN peacekeepers
have also helped settle disputes peacefully and ensured that countries in conflict do not
break their peace agreement. In this way, they have saved many lives over the years.
They have also provided food, water and shelter for refugees, and helped them return
home. However, UN peacekeepers have difficult and dangerous tasks. They must try to
prevent or stop fighting without themselves being involved in the fight. The armed
peacekeepers are allowed to shoot only in self-defence. More than 1,500 UN
peacekeepers have died while performing their duties

Source A: A poster of the United Nations peacekeepers as the winner of the 1988 Nobel
Peace Prize. A Nobel Peace Prize is a very well-known international award.

Source B: A UN report on its peacekeeping efforts

There are examples in which the UN can take pride: UN peacekeeping aided the
transition to democratic rule in Namibia and supported similar transitions in El Salvador,
Nicaragua and Guatemala. UN peacekeepers oversaw the withdrawal of foreign forces
from Cambodia, and conducted the 1993 elections that finally put the Khmer Rouge out
of business. The UN led the way to a peace that has brought sustained economic growth
in Mozambique, and helped it become a symbol of hope in Africa. The United Nations
shepherded Timor-Leste to independence in 2002 and in December 2005, successfully
completed its peacekeeping mandate in Sierra Leone.

Source C: A viewpoint by Jim Hoagland, in the International Herald Tribune, August 3,

2000
The most important member nations have shown themselves unwilling to provide troops,
money or timely logistical help for more assertive UN peacekeeping, even as many of
them step up their criticisms of the world body's effectiveness. Washington, Moscow and
most European capitals have shied away from broader involvement in the Third World as
the complexities and ferocity of its conflicts have intensified.. International peacekeeping
is on the way to the bone yard of history unless new focus and new resources are
invested.

Source D: An account given by the head of the UN peacekeeping force on the role of the
UN in peacekeeping between two communities
In Cyprus , a civil war broke out in 1964 between the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish
Cypriots. Before the UN peacekeeping forces arrived, murders were committed between
the two communities in a district. The people lived in fear and dared not move out of their
villages or work in their fields. The UN peacekeeping forces took up the initiative and
arranged for meetings between the village chiefs and asked them to say to each other in
front of UN peacekeeper: We do not intend to use violence against you. From then on,
normal life returned to the villagers.

Source E: A report from a British newspaper, on the abuses committed by members of

UN peacekeeping forces in Somalia, an African country.
At the very least, allegations of serious atrocities committed by peacekeepers date back
to the time of the UN peacekeeping mission to Somalia in 1997. Canadian, Belgian and
Italian peacekeeping troops were alleged to have been involved in atrocities. For
example, Belgian peacekeepers were alleged to have roasted a boy over an open fire until
his clothes caught alight. Canadian soldiers were alleged to have conducted a 'turkey
shoot' by setting out food and water to act as 'bait' to lure hungry Somalis into shooting
range. Some of the soldiers involved were charged and some received short sentences of
imprisonment. Others were not charged or were set free after investigation.