Mechanics of Mandibular Movement

1. Name the two types of movement that occur in the temporomandibular joint?
pag 62
-The two types of movement that occur in the temporomandibular joint are:
rotational and translational.

2. How can the translational movement be defined? pag 62

- Translation can be defined as a movement in which every point of the moving
object simultaneously has the same direction and velocity.

3. What is the Gothic arch tracer device being used for?

pag 67

-A Gothic arch tracer is used to record the mandibular border movements in the
horizontal plane. As the mandible moves, the stylus attached to the mandibular
teeth generates a pathway on the recording table attached to the maxillary teeth.

4. How could the lateral movements be generated? pag 69

- Lateral movements can be generated by varying levels of mandibular opening.
The border movements generated with each increasing degree of opening will result
in successively smaller tracings until, at the maximally open position, little or no
lateral movement can occur.

5. How could the complexity of the mandibular movement be demonstrated? pag

71
- To demonstrate the complexity of mandibular movement, a seemingly simple
right lateral excursion is used as an example. As the musculature begins to contract
and move the mandible to the right, the left condyle is propelled out of its CR
position.

Criteria for Optimum Functional Occlusion

1. Which is the best optimal functional occlusion? pag 73

-The first significant concept developed to describe optimal functional occlusion
was called balanced occlusion. This concept advocated bilateral and balancing
tooth contacts during all lateral and protrusive movements.

2. How can the term "centric relation" be defined? pag 73-74

-The term" centric relation" has been used in dentistry for many years. Although it
has had a variety of definitions, it is generally considered to designate the position
of the mandible when the condyles are in an orthopedically stable position.

3. What is the purpose of the directional force of the primary elevator muscles? pag
74
- The directional force of the primary elevator muscles (temporalis, masseter, and
medial pterygoid) is to seat the condyles in the fossa in a superior anterior position.

4. What is the axial loading? pag 79

- The axial loading is the process of directing occlusal forces through the long axis of
the tooth.

5. What happens with the condyles when the mouth is closed? pag 83
-When the mouth closes, the condyles are in their most superoanterior position
(musculoskeletally stable), resting against the posterior slopes of the articular
eminences with the discs properly interposed.

Determinants of Occlusal Morphology

1. Which are the factors that influence the heights of cusps and the depths of
fossae? pag 88
-Factors that influence the heights of cusps and the depths of fossae are the vertical
determinants of occlusal morphology. The length of a cusp and the distance it
extends into the depth of an opposing fossa are determined by three factors:
a). The anterior controlling factor of mandibular movement (i.e., anterior guidance)
b). The posterior controlling factor of mandibular movement (i.e., condylar
guidance)
c). The nearness of the cusp to these controlling factors.

2. What is the plane of occlusion? pag 90

- The plane of occlusion is an imaginary line touching the incisal edges of the
maxillary anterior teeth and the cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth.

3. What is the mandibular lateral translation movement ? pag 91

- The mandibular lateral translation movement is a bodily side shift of the mandible
that occurs during lateral movements (previously called Bennett movements).

4. Which are the attributes of the lateral translation movement ?pag 93

-The lateral translation movement has three attributes: amount, timing, and
direction.

5. What is the direction of shift of the rotating condyle during a lateral translation
movement determined by? pag 93

-The direction of shift of the rotating condyle during a lateral translation movement
is determined by the morphology and ligamentous attachments of the TMJ
undergoing rotation.

History of and Examination for Temporomandibular Disorders

1. What is the purpose of a history and examination? pag 170

-The purpose of a history and examination is to identify any area or structure of the
masticatory system that shows breakdown or pathologic change.

2.How is the masseter palpated? pag 180

-The masseter is palpated bilaterally at its superior and inferior attachments. First,
the fingers are placed on each zygomatic arch (just anterior to the TMJ). They are
then dropped down slightly to the portion of the masseter attached to the
zygomatic arch, just anterior to the joint.

3. Which are the muscles that are basic to jaw movement? pag 181
-Three muscles that are basic to jaw movement but impossible or nearly impossible
to palpate are the inferior lateral pterygoid, superior lateral pterygoid, and medial
pterygoid.

4. Which are the factors that could cause tooth mobility? pag 188
-Tooth mobility can result from two factors: loss of bony support (periodontal
disease) and unusually heavy occlusal forces (traumatic occlusion). Whenever
mobility is observed, both these factors must be considered.

5. What are abfractions? pag 191

-Abfractions are noncarious lesions or wedge-shaped defects in the cervical region
of a tooth.