Hirarc Slides

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control
(HIRARC) Training
BY
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ENVIRONMENT (OSHE)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Objective
What is HIRARC?
Purpose of HIRARC
Process of HIRARC
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Practical Workshop
OBJECTIVES:
1. Explore the elements of an effective hazard
identification and control program.
2. Discuss the steps in the hazard
identification and control process.
3. Be able to perform the Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment Form
by their own with 3 simple steps to ensure
a safe & healthy workplace.
1. Memastikan keselamatan dan kesihatan

pekerja di tempat kerja.
2. Melindungi keselamatan orang lain selain
dari pekerja di tempat kerja tersebut.
3. Menggalakkan persekitaran yang sesuai

(dari segi fisiologi dan psikologi)
4. Membolehkan penggantian secara
berperingkat perundangan berkaitan
dengan Peraturan dan Kod Amalan yang
diluluskan
FALSAFAH
KEWAJIPAN BAGI MEMASTIKAN KESELAMATAN
DAN KESIHATAN DI TEMPAT KERJA TERLETAK

PADA MEREKA YANG MEWUJUDKAN RISIKO
DAN MEREKA YANG BEKERJA DENGAN RISIKO
TERSEBUT
KEWAJIPAN AM MAJIKAN DAN ORANG

YANG BEKERJA SENDIRI (SEKSYEN 15, AKKP 1994)
1.
Mengada dan menyenggara loji dan

sistem kerja selamat
HIRARC
2. Membuat perkiraan untuk menjamin

keselamatan dalam penggunaan,
pengendalian, penanganan (handling),
penyimpanan dan pengangkutan loji dan
bahan

3.
Mengadakan maklumat, arahan, latihan

dan penyeliaan berkaitan keselamatan dan
kesihatan pekerjaan
i. Maklumat
iii. Latihan
ii. Arahan
iv. Penyeliaan

4.
5.
Memastikan laluan keluar dan masuk ke

tempat kerja yang selamat
Menyediakan persekitaran kerja yang
selamat dan sihat serta kemudahan
kebajikan pekerja
PENALTI KEPADA MAJIKAN

1. RM 50,000 atau
2. 2 tahun penjara atau
3. kedua-duanya sekali
Occupational
safety and
health
management
system
standards:
OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health &

Safety Management System standard
This standard was established in
1999 (rev. 2007)
Widely used and certifiable
ILO OSH management system standard
This standard was published in 2001
This is a guidance standard
presented to the governments of the
world for adoption
OH&S Management System

Continual
improvement
OH&S
policy
Management
review
Checking and
corrective action
Planning
Implementation
and operation
HIRARC
HIRARC
TNB KUALA LUMPUR TOWARDS OHSAS 18001 CERTIFICATION
HIRARC
OHSAS 18001 MILESTONE CHART

(HIRARC) Form
HAZARD IDENTFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) FORM
Doc No.
Prepared by
JOB TITLE
Working in Clinic
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
No
Activities / Equipment/
Facilites
R/NR*
Receive & treat patient
Using X-ray machine
Consequences
Current Risk Control
9.1 a) Exposure to
known & unknown
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9.1 a) Sick
9.1 b) Fatality
9.1 a) Competency &

Proper PPE to be worn
Likelihood
10.1 a)Competency &

RISK CONTROL
Severity
Risk Level
Type of Control
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
11 a) Exposure to
11.1 a) Cancer
radioactive and radiation 11.1 b) Fatality
11
12
Hazard
10 a) Contact with sharp 10.1 a) Sick

object
10.1 b) Fatality
10
Date :
RISK ASSESSMENT
Clearing medical waste
Revision No :
Verified by
11a) Competency & Proper

PPE to be worn
11b) Safe work distance,
allowable exposure limit &
Recommended Control
Measures
NIL
3
NIL
NIL
12 a) Pollution to
atmosphere, sanitary
PPE to be worn
sewer, ground water, fresh
water, soil
Release Contamination /
Hospital treated waste
12 a) Scheduled waste
NIL
*R-Routine, NR - Non Routine

LIKELIHOOD
SEVERITY
Most Likely (5)
The most likely result of the hazard / event being realised
Catastropic (5)
Numerous fatalities
Possible (4)
Has a good change of occuring and is not unusual (1-5 years)
Fatal (4)
Approximately one single fatality
Conceivable (3)
Might be occur at sometime in future (5-10 years)
Serious (3)
Non-fatal injury, permanent disability or > 4 days MC
Remote (2)
Has not been known to occur after many years (10 yrs)
Minor (2)
Disabling but not permanent injury or 1-4 days MC
Inconceivable (1)
Is practically impossible and has never occurred
Negligible (1)
Minor abrasions, bruises, cut, first aid type injury
RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
5-12 MEDIUM
1 - 4 : LOW RISK
PIC (Due Date /

Status)
REFERENCE:
Guidelines for Hazard

Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk
Control
Published by
Department of
Occupational Safety
and Health (DOSH)
2008.
DIFINITION:
1. Hazard :
Source or situation with potential for harm in

term of human injury or ill health, damage
to property, damage to the workplace
environment or a combination of these.
2. Hazard Identification :
Process of recognizing that a hazard exists

and defining its characteristics
3. Risk :
Combination of likelihood and consequence

of a specified hazardous event occurring
DIFINITION:
4. Risk Assessment :
Overall process of estimating the magnitude

of Risk and deciding whether or not risk is
tolerable
5. Tolerable Risk :
Risk that have been reduced to a level that

can be accepted by the organization
Eg. A tiger is a source
A cage is the control.
Tiger attack is a hazard. Becoz has potential for harm
Therefore, a tiger in cage is less risk as compared to a tiger out of cage.

Furthermore, a tiger in cage is less dangerous than a tiger out of cage since the
hazard is already controlled.
WHAT IS HIRARC?
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK CONTROL
Identify hazard source

or situation
Estimate level of risk and
determine tolerability
Reduce or eliminate
risk
Purpose of Hazard Identification, Risk

Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC):
Enable organization to identify, evaluate
and control its OSH risk on an ongoing
basis
To reduce accidents at workplaces
HIRARC to cover for all existing and new
processes
METHODOLOGY FOR HIRARC
1. Document review policy, legal document, record

of accident, NCR, audit result, O&M Manual.
2. Site Assessment observation, interview
3. Brainstorming discussion to identify hazard.
Process of HIRARC
Classify work activities
Identify hazards
Conduct risk assessment, by

calculating or estimating
Decide if risk is tolerable and
apply control measures (if
necessary)
Likelihood of occurrence,
and
Severity of hazards
CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
Routine and non-routine

activities (incl. emergencies)
Activities at workplace (incl.
contractors and visitors)
Taking into account all

Infrastructure, equipment
activities at the
and materials at the
workplace.
workplace.
CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES
Physical
area
Stage in
production
line or
process
Not too
big
Not too
small
Defined
task
Working in Clinic
1. Handling patients, contaminated objects, body secretions, tissue or fluids
2. Using X-ray machine
3. Handling patients & moving objects
4. Dealing with angry and stressed patients and their families.
CATEGORIES OF HAZARDS
Category
Examples
PHYSICAL
noise, radiation, ventilation, heat stress,

lighting, electrical
CHEMICAL
pesticides, solvents and heavy metals
BIOLOGICAL
dangerous creatures, virus, bacteria and

parasite
ERGONOMIC
human and machine interface, work
position or work posture
PSYCHOSOCIAL work stress, employees interaction
within organisation, long hours work,
shift work
Example Hazards map : Grocery Store
SPOT THE HAZARD

(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
Prepared by
JOB TITLE
Working in Clinic
No
Facilites
R/NR*
Using X-ray machine
Consequences
9.1 a) Exposure to
known & unknown
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9.1 a) Sick
9.1 b) Fatality
9.1 a) Competency &

Likelihood
10.1 a)Competency &

RISK CONTROL
Severity
Risk Level
Type of Control
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
11 a) Exposure to
11.1 a) Cancer
11
12
Hazard

object
10.1 b) Fatality
10
Date :
RISK ASSESSMENT
Revision No :
Verified by

PPE to be worn
Recommended Control
Measures
NIL
3
NIL
NIL
12 a) Pollution to
PPE to be worn
water, soil
NIL

LIKELIHOOD
SEVERITY
Most Likely (5)
Catastropic (5)
Numerous fatalities
Possible (4)
Fatal (4)
Conceivable (3)
Serious (3)
Remote (2)
Minor (2)
Inconceivable (1)
Negligible (1)
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
5-12 MEDIUM
1 - 4 : LOW RISK
PIC (Due Date /

Status)

JOB TITLE : Working in Clinic
No
Activities /
Equipment/ Faculties
R/NR
*
handling patients,
contaminated objects,
body secretions, tissue
or fluids
Using X-ray machine
Handling patients &

moving objects
Dealing with angry and

stressed patients and
their families.
R
R
Hazard
Infectious Diseases
Consequences
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
and Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) can be
spread
Exposure to radioactive Cancer
and radiation
Fatality
Heavy lifting and frequent Back injuries
bending or twisting when
moving objects or patients
Health care workers are at Workplace violence can
risk from violence
result in loss of sleep,
fear or depression, post
traumatic stress disorder
Human behaviour, capabilities and other

human factors.
Hazard from the vicinity of the workplace.
Hazard from outside workplace.
2
Machinery
1
Human
behaviour,
unsafe acts
Man
Installation,
layout and
design of
equipment
3
Substances
such as
chemicals
and gases
use in the
workplace
Method
The way
people carry
out their work
Materials
Workplace
condition
i.e. air
quality,
ventilation
, lighting,
noise,
vibration
etc.
Media
5M
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES
Accident/incident
investigation report
Workplace health
program
Result of workplace
inspection/audit
Complaint and
comments
Report from
regulatory bodies
Injury records
Record of hazardous
substances (CSDS)

No
Activities /
R/NR
*
handling patients,
or fluids
Using X-ray machine
Handling patients &

moving objects

their families.
R
R
Hazard
Infectious Diseases
Consequences
and Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) can be
spread
and radiation
Fatality
risk from violence

(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
Prepared by
JOB TITLE
Working in Clinic
No
Facilites
R/NR*
Using X-ray machine
Consequences
9.1 a) Exposure to
known & unknown
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9.1 a) Sick
9.1 b) Fatality
9.1 a) Competency &

Likelihood
10.1 a)Competency &

RISK CONTROL
Severity
Risk Level
Type of Control
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
11 a) Exposure to
11.1 a) Cancer
11
12
Hazard

object
10.1 b) Fatality
10
Date :
RISK ASSESSMENT
Revision No :
Verified by

PPE to be worn
Recommended Control
Measures
NIL
3
NIL
NIL
12 a) Pollution to
PPE to be worn
water, soil
NIL

LIKELIHOOD
SEVERITY
Most Likely (5)
Catastropic (5)
Numerous fatalities
Possible (4)
Fatal (4)
Conceivable (3)
Serious (3)
Remote (2)
Minor (2)
Inconceivable (1)
Negligible (1)
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
5-12 MEDIUM
1 - 4 : LOW RISK
PIC (Due Date /

Status)

RISK ASSESSMENT
Likelihood
Severity
Risk Level
9 (M)
4 (L)
Use proper lifting technique
9 (M)
Follow policies and intervention guidelines
9 (M)

Wash hands frequently (proper hand washing is the best
way to prevent communicable diseases)
Competency & Proper PPE to be worn
Safe work distance, allowable exposure limit
LIKELIHOOD
Most Likely (5)
The most likely result of the hazard /
event being realized
Possible (4)
Has a good change of occurring and is not
unusual (1-5 years)
Conceivable (3) Might be occur at sometime in future
(5-10 years)
Remote (2)
Has not been known to occur after many
years (10 yrs)
Inconceivable (1) Is practically impossible and has never
occurred
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
Catastrophic (5)
SEVERITY
Numerous fatalities
Fatal (4)
Serious (3)
Non-fatal injury, permanent

disability or > 4 days MC
Disabling but not permanent
injury or 1-4 days MC
Minor abrasions, bruises, cut,
first aid type injury
Minor (2)
Negligible (1)
5-12 : MEDIUM
RISK
1 - 4 : LOW RISK
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
Likelihood x Severity
Likelihood is an event likely to occur within specific
time period or in specified circumstance,
Severity is outcome from an event such as severity of

injury or health to people
LIKELIHOOD
Most likely (5)
The most likely result of the hazard / event

being realized
Possible (4)
Has good chance of occurring and is not

unusual (1-5 years)
Conceivable (3)
Might be occur in future (5-10 years)
Remote (2)
Has not be known to occur after many years

(after 10 years)
Inconceivable (1)
Is practically impossible and has never

occurred.
SEVERITY
Catastrophic (5)
Numerous fatality, irrecoverable property

damage and productivity.
Fatal (4)
Approximately one single fatality, major

property damages.
Serious (3)
Non-fatal injury, permanent disability or

LTI > 4 days MC.
Minor (2)
Disabling but not permanent injury or LTI

1-4 days MC
Negligible (1)
Minor abrasions, bruises, cut, first aid

type injury.
Risk = Likelihood x Severity

HIGH (15-25)
Requires
immediate action
to control the
hazard. Action
must be
documented on
the risk
assessment form
including date for
completion.
MEDIUM (5-12)
Requires a planned
approach to
control the hazard
and applies
temporary
measure if
required. Action
must be
documented on
the risk
assessment form
including date of
completion.
LOW (1-4)
Acceptable and
further reduction
may not be
necessary.

RISK ASSESSMENT
Likelihood
Severity
Risk Level
9 (M)
4 (L)
9 (M)
9 (M)

LIKELIHOOD
Most Likely (5)
Possible (4)
unusual (1-5 years)
(5-10 years)
Remote (2)
years (10 yrs)
occurred
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
Catastrophic (5)
SEVERITY
Numerous fatalities
Fatal (4)
Serious (3)

Minor (2)
Negligible (1)
5-12 : MEDIUM
RISK
1 - 4 : LOW RISK

(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
Prepared by
JOB TITLE
Working in Clinic
No
Facilites
R/NR*
Using X-ray machine
Consequences
9.1 a) Exposure to
known & unknown
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9.1 a) Sick
9.1 b) Fatality
9.1 a) Competency &

Likelihood
10.1 a)Competency &

RISK CONTROL
Severity
Risk Level
Type of Control
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
11 a) Exposure to
11.1 a) Cancer
11
12
Hazard

object
10.1 b) Fatality
10
Date :
RISK ASSESSMENT
Revision No :
Verified by

PPE to be worn
Recommended Control
Measures
NIL
3
NIL
NIL
12 a) Pollution to
PPE to be worn
water, soil
NIL

LIKELIHOOD
SEVERITY
Most Likely (5)
Catastropic (5)
Numerous fatalities
Possible (4)
Fatal (4)
Conceivable (3)
Serious (3)
Remote (2)
Minor (2)
Inconceivable (1)
Negligible (1)
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
5-12 MEDIUM
1 - 4 : LOW RISK
PIC (Due Date /

Status)
RISK CONTROL
Type of Control
Recommended Control
Measures
PIC (Due Date / Status)
Administrative
Ensure availability of gloves

and other protective
equipment and cleansing
agents
Mr. A (30/12/2012)
NIL
NIL
Administrative
Train staff on proper lifting

techniques
Mr. B (30/12/2012)
Administrative
Train staff on diffusing

situations and intervention
procedures
Mr. C (30/12/2012)
(HIRARC)
Safety
freedom from unacceptable risk of harm
Tolerable Risk
Risk that has been reduce to a level that can be accepted by the
organisation having regard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S
policy.
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
PPE
Administrative control
Engineering control
Isolation
Substitution
Elimination
1. ELIMINATION
Remove hazard from workplace
Get rid the hazardous job, tools, process,
equipment, machines or substances
2. SUBSTITUTION
Doing the same work in less hazardous way.
Replace of substances with a less hazardous
substances.
3. ISOLATION
Keep hazard away from workers
Install guard, barrier
Lockout system
Safe clearance
4. ENGINEERING CONTROL
Modification
Redesign
Local exhaust ventilation
5. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Implement policies, procedures and training.
Signages
Supervision
Inspection
6. PPE
Safety helmet, mask, safety shoe, apron, rubber mat,
gloves, ear muff etc.
RISK CONTROL
Type of Control
Recommended Control
Measures
Administrative

agents
Mr. A (30/12/2012)
NIL
NIL
Administrative

techniques
Mr. B (30/12/2012)
Administrative

procedures
Mr. C (30/12/2012)
SUMMARY

(HIRARC) Form
Doc No.
Prepared by
JOB TITLE
Working in Clinic
No
Facilites
R/NR*
Using X-ray machine
Consequences
9.1 a) Exposure to
known & unknown
bacteria, fungal &
viruses
9.1 a) Sick
9.1 b) Fatality
9.1 a) Competency &

Likelihood
10.1 a)Competency &

RISK CONTROL
Severity
Risk Level
Type of Control
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
4 (L)
NIL
11 a) Exposure to
11.1 a) Cancer
11
12
Hazard

object
10.1 b) Fatality
10
Date :
RISK ASSESSMENT
Revision No :
Verified by

PPE to be worn
Recommended Control
Measures
NIL
3
NIL
NIL
12 a) Pollution to
PPE to be worn
water, soil
NIL

LIKELIHOOD
SEVERITY
Most Likely (5)
Catastropic (5)
Numerous fatalities
Possible (4)
Fatal (4)
Conceivable (3)
Serious (3)
Remote (2)
Minor (2)
Inconceivable (1)
Negligible (1)
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
5-12 MEDIUM
1 - 4 : LOW RISK
PIC (Due Date /

Status)
No
Activities /
R/NR
*
handling patients,
or fluids
Using X-ray machine
Handling patients &

moving objects

their families.
R
R
Hazard
Infectious Diseases
Consequences
and Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) can be
spread
and radiation
Fatality
risk from violence
RISK ASSESSMENT
Likelihood
Severity
Risk Level
9 (M)
4 (L)
9 (M)
9 (M)

LIKELIHOOD
Most Likely (5)
Possible (4)
unusual (1-5 years)
(5-10 years)
Remote (2)
years (10 yrs)
occurred
15 - 25 : HIGH RISK
Catastrophic (5)
SEVERITY
Numerous fatalities
Fatal (4)
Serious (3)

Minor (2)
Negligible (1)
5-12 : MEDIUM
RISK
1 - 4 : LOW RISK
RISK CONTROL
Type of Control
Recommended Control
Measures
Administrative

agents
Mr. A (30/12/2012)
NIL
NIL
Administrative

techniques
Mr. B (30/12/2012)
Administrative

procedures
Mr. C (30/12/2012)
SUMMARY
Set a Process to review OHS Hazards & Risk
Output/ results can be used to review :
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Training Materials
Internal Audit
Management Review/ Continuous
Improvement
Justification for Budget allocations

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Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control

1. Memastikan keselamatan dan kesihatan

3. Menggalakkan persekitaran yang sesuai

DAN KESIHATAN DI TEMPAT KERJA TERLETAK

KEWAJIPAN AM MAJIKAN DAN ORANG

Mengada dan menyenggara loji dan

2. Membuat perkiraan untuk menjamin

KEWAJIPAN AM MAJIKAN DAN ORANG

Mengadakan maklumat, arahan, latihan

KEWAJIPAN AM MAJIKAN DAN ORANG

Memastikan laluan keluar dan masuk ke

PENALTI KEPADA MAJIKAN

OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health &

OH&S Management System

TNB KUALA LUMPUR TOWARDS OHSAS 18001 CERTIFICATION

OHSAS 18001 MILESTONE CHART

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control

HAZARD IDENTFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) FORM

Receive & treat patient

Using X-ray machine

Current Risk Control

9.1 a) Competency &

10.1 a)Competency &

10 a) Contact with sharp 10.1 a) Sick

Clearing medical waste

11a) Competency & Proper

*R-Routine, NR - Non Routine

Most Likely (5)

The most likely result of the hazard / event being realised

Has a good change of occuring and is not unusual (1-5 years)

Approximately one single fatality

Might be occur at sometime in future (5-10 years)

Non-fatal injury, permanent disability or > 4 days MC

Disabling but not permanent injury or 1-4 days MC

Is practically impossible and has never occurred

Minor abrasions, bruises, cut, first aid type injury

RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY

PIC (Due Date /

Guidelines for Hazard

Source or situation with potential for harm in

Process of recognizing that a hazard exists

Combination of likelihood and consequence

Overall process of estimating the magnitude

Risk that have been reduced to a level that

Eg. A tiger is a source

A cage is the control.

Tiger attack is a hazard. Becoz has potential for harm

Therefore, a tiger in cage is less risk as compared to a tiger out of cage.

Identify hazard source

Purpose of Hazard Identification, Risk

METHODOLOGY FOR HIRARC

1. Document review policy, legal document, record

Classify work activities

Conduct risk assessment, by

CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES

Routine and non-routine

Taking into account all

CLASSIFY WORK ACTIVITIES

noise, radiation, ventilation, heat stress,

pesticides, solvents and heavy metals

dangerous creatures, virus, bacteria and

Example Hazards map : Grocery Store

SPOT THE HAZARD

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control