Refrigerants Getting

Ready For The Future

K. Jayakumar
Vice President - Marketing & Business Development
11th Sept, 2013

Framing Up The Current Refrigerant Landscape

Application & Geographic Diversity Leads To Refrigerant Proliferation

Markets
Industrial

Common
Refrigerants

NH3
R134a
R404A/507
R22, R290

Transport

R134a
R404A

Refrigeration
Food Retail

Refrigeration
Foodservice

A/C
Commercial

A/C
Residential

R404A/507
R407A, R22
R134a
CO2

R404A/507
R407A, R22
R134a
R290

R410A
R407C
R22
(R32 Asia)

R410A
R22
(R32 Asia)

Semi-Hermetic
Scroll

Hermetic
Scroll
Units

Scroll
Hermetic
Semi-Hermetic

Scroll
Hermetic
Rotary

Common
Compressor
Technologies

Screw
Reciprocating

Scroll
Units

Ozone Depletion And Montreal Protocol

Eliminated CFC & HCFC And Gave Rise To HFC
Montreal Protocol Agreement For Reducing
ODP Refrigerants: R-22 Phase-Out Timeline
Today

100%
100

90%

%
1996
CAP

65%

65%
32.5% - 2025
2.5% - 2030
0% - 2040

50
25%
10%
0
1999

2004
No New
Equipment EU

US

2010
No New
Equipment US

2015

2020

2013
Freeze
A5 Nations

EU
A5 Nations

* All Reference Material Sourced From:

As Of January 2013, Article 5 Countries Start Process Of Phasing Out HCFC R22
3

Global Refrigerant Regulatory Activities

North America

Europe
F-Gas Regulation Under Revision
Propose Specific Application
Bans On High GWP Fluids (i.e.
R404A In Commercial
Refrigeration)
GWP-Based Phase-Down Is Also
Being Considered

No GWP Based Regulation

Voluntary Initiatives To Reduce High
GWP HFC Impact
Climate & Clean Air Coalition
GWP-Based Phase-Down Effort
(North America Proposal) Not
Successful So Far

Australia Tax On HFCs (7/2012)

A5 Countries Phasing Out R22

Refrigerant
R134a
R125
R143a
R32
R404A
R507
R407C
R410A

Today

100%

Carbon Price

100

Eqv. Aus $/kg

%
1996
CAP

29.90
64.40
87.40
14.95
74.98
75.90
35.09
39.68

90%
65%

65%
32.5% - 2025
2.5% - 2030
0% - 2040

50
25%
10%

0
1999

US
EU
A5 Nations

2004
No New
Equipment EU

2010
No New
Equipment US

2015
2013
Freeze
A5 Nations

2020

HFC Phase-Down Proposals: North American

Proposal (NAP) And F-Gas Proposal
120%

NAP
Devel'd Countries

NA Proposal
Non A5 Countries

F-Gas Review (Draft)

100%

NAP
A5 Countries

80%

NA Proposal
A5 Countries

60%

NAP Update 4/2013

Baseline Updated
2008-2010
Excluded HFOs From
Basket For Phasedown
Fewer Steps In PhaseDown, But End Year
And Target Held Same

40%

20%

0%
2005

F-Gas Proposal

2010

2015

2020

F-Gas Proposal
Reserved Right To
Amend Based On Any
International
Agreement Allowance
For NAP Adoption

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

2055

Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape

Options For New & Existing Applications Continue To Grow
A1 Non Flammable
A2L Mildly Flammable

Pressure
Or
Capacity

A3 Flammable
B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam.

New Replacement
Refs

New LGWP Refs

For OEM Use

Todays Refs

CO2
DP: DR5
400-675
HWL: L41
ARK: ARM 70

R-410A
Like

R404A &
R407/22
Like

NH3

R410A

150 - DP: DR7

HWL: L40, L20
300 ARK:
ARM 30

< 1500
DP: DR33
HWL: N20, N40
ARK: ARM 32

R290

R134a
Like
R123-Like
(V.Low Pr.)

R32

HFO 1234yf
HFO 1234ze

~600

DP: XP10
HWL: N13

R407F R407A

R404A

R407C
R22

(3922)

R134a

DP: DR2; HWL: N12

500

1000
GWP Level

1500

2000

Qualitative Chart
Not To Scale

Holistic Approach To Refrigerant Selection

Avoid Unintended Consequences
Toxicity, Flammability

Working Pressures

Physical Properties

Energy
(Annual / Peak Energy)

Technology Changes

Total Cost of Ownership

Stratospheric Ozone
(Montreal Protocol)

Life Cycle Climate

Performance - LCCP
(GWP/TEWI)

Integrated Analysis Reveals Complexity Of Selecting The Best Refrigerant

Refrigerant Proliferation By Geography And Application Will Remain
7

Life Cycle Climate Performance Of A System

A More Holistic Approach To Refrigerant Selection

LCCP
(Life Cycle Climate
Performance)

Direct
Global
Warming
~10%

Holistic Approach:
Safety
Performance
Environment
Economics

Refrigerant
Leakage
Leak during life
1. life
Leak
Rate leak
End of
recovery
2. Charge
Amount
Leak
during production

3. Refrigerant GWP

Indirect
Global
Warming
~90%

Energy
Consumption
Energy used during life
Source
energy
4. EnergyofConsumed
Embodied energy of all material
5.
Source Of Energy
used for manufacturing of fluid

Any Choice Made To Move Away From Todays Refrigerants Should Be

LCCP Neutral At Minimum
8

Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape

Options For New & Existing Applications Continue To Grow
A1 Non Flammable
A2L Mildly Flammable

Pressure
Or
Capacity

A3 Flammable
B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam.

New Replacement
Refs

New LGWP Refs

For OEM Use

Todays Refs

CO2
DP: DR5
400-675
HWL: L41
ARK: ARM 70

R-410A
Like

R404A &
R407/22
Like

NH3

R410A

150 - DP: DR7

HWL: L40, L20
300 ARK:
ARM 30

< 1500
DP: DR33
HWL: N20, N40
ARK: ARM 32

R290

R134a
Like
R123-Like
(V.Low Pr.)

R32

HFO 1234yf
HFO 1234ze

~600

DP: XP10
HWL: N13

R407F R407A

R404A

R407C
R22

(3922)

R134a

DP: DR2; HWL: N12

500

1000
GWP Level

1500

2000

Qualitative Chart
Not To Scale

R32 and New L-41 HFO Blend R1234ze-Based

Appear Most Viable Candidates
R410A

R32

New L-41

DR-5

GWP = 2088

GWP = 675

GWP = 460

GWP = 500

Pros/Cons:
Lower Applied Cost

Attributes

Pros/Cons:
Low Applied Cost
Lower GWP

R32

HFO Blends (L-41)

< R410

~ R410

20% Less

10% Less

+3-4%

+Displacement

-1% to +1%

-2% to +0%

H/P Capacity

+1-5%

+Displacement

HSPF

+1-2%

-1% to +2%

Depends On Appl.

Not Required

Refrigerant Cost ($/Lb)

System Charge (Lbs)
A/C Capacity
SEER

Discharge Temp Mitigation

A2L Flammability

Depends Charge & Burn Velocity

Oil Miscibility, Solubility, Lubricity

New Oil
10

Same Oil As R410

Pros/Cons:
High Applied Cost

Industry
Evaluation
Will
Continue
On R32
and New
L-41

Sample Only

Air Conditioning Technical Options:

Example Of Emerson Creating Roadmap For Refrigerants
Non-Flammable

R22

Mild-Flammable**

Flammable

A3

A1

A1

A2L

R22

N20 etc

L20 etc

R407C

N20 etc

L20 etc

R410A

DR5, L41, etc

R32

R134a

R290
XP10, N13,..

1234yf/ze,..

Path

MEA

Only If GWP Reduction

Is Regulated/Required;
LCCP Benefit Is Small
If Containment Done

If A Countrys HPMP Allows For The HVAC Sector

If A Countrys Energy Standards Allow For The HVAC Sector

If A Countrys Energy Standards Require For The HVAC Sector & Design Cost Can Be Justified

If Additional Cost (Above And Beyond Cost In Path 3 For A2L Reasons) Can Be Justified

If Additional Cost For Safety To Handle A3 Refrigerant Can Be Justified

More Than One Path Could Be Chosen If Possible..
11

LCCP = Life Cycle Climate Performance

HPMP = HCFC Phaseout Management Plan

Lower GWP Refrigerant Landscape

Options For New & Existing Applications Continue To Grow
A1 Non Flammable
A2L Mildly Flammable

Pressure
Or
Capacity

A3 Flammable
B2L Toxic, Mildly Flam.

New Replacement
Refs

New LGWP Refs

For OEM Use

Todays Refs

CO2
DP: DR5
400-675
HWL: L41
ARK: ARM 70

R-410A
Like

R404A &
R407/22
Like

NH3

R410A

150 - DP: DR7

HWL: L40, L20
300 ARK:
ARM 30

< 1500
DP: DR33
HWL: N20, N40
ARK: ARM 32

R290

R134a
Like
R123-Like
(V.Low Pr.)

R32

HFO 1234yf
HFO 1234ze

~600

DP: XP10
HWL: N13

R407F R407A

R404A

R407C
R22

(3922)

R134a

DP: DR2; HWL: N12

500

1000
GWP Level

12

1500

2000

Qualitative Chart
Not To Scale

Lower GWP Blends Compared To

HFCs In Refrigeration
R-22 Replacements in Refrigeration: Options
with Lower GWP than R-404A

Supermarket/Deli Cases (MT)

R407Series Of
HFCs
Would Be
Similar

Supermarket Freezer Cases (LT)

> 50% GWP Reduction From R-404A

>65%

>90%

All options offer significantly improved efficiency & GWP reduction

compared to R-404A
HONEYWELL CONFIDENTIAL
Low Global Warming Replacements for HCFCs
in Stationary Air Conditioning / Refrigeration Equipment. Mark Spatz,
Honeywell Presentation, Montreal, Canada. August 3, 2011

13

Sample Only

Refrigeration Technical Options:

Example Of Emerson Creating Roadmap For Refrigerants
Non-Flammable

R22
R404A
R134a

Mild-Flammable**

Flammable

A1

A1

A2L

A3

R22

N20 etc

L20 etc

Smkt. WI, RI, FS

R404A

N40 etc

L40 etc

Smkt. WI, RI, FS

R407A/F

N40 etc

L40 etc

Smkt. WI, RI, FS

R134a

XP10 etc

1234yf/ze

WI, RI, FS

CO2/134a

CO2/XP10

CO2/1234

Smkt.

CO2 Trans

Smkt.

R290

Path
1

If A Countrys HPMP Allows For The Refrigeration Sector

If Components Not Available For Other Options; If System Charge/Leak Is Small

For Large & Small Ref. Systems Better LCCP Than R404A; Neutral To Better Effy.

For Smaller Systems Better LCCP; Neutral Efficiency

For Large Ref Systems Better LCCP Than R404A

For Large Ref Systems (And Vending Machines) Better LCCP Than R404A

If Addl. Cost For Safety Of A3 Refrigerant Can Be Justified & In Small Systems

For Large Industrial Ref. Systems, Ammonia Currently Used (Not Shown)

RI, FS

Only If GWP Reduction Is Required/Regulated;

LCCP Benefit Is Small If Containment Done

14

Smkt = Supermarket
WI = Walk-In
RI = Reach-In
FS = Food Service (Ice etc)
LCCP = Life Cycle Climate Performance
HPMP = HCFC Phaseout Management program

Refrigerant Changes Will Affect System Designs

Focus Attention On Honing Existing Skills And Learning New Ones

A Well Trained Capable Technician Workforce Focused On Continuous

Improvement And Learning
Will Be Key To Success
15

Summary
Clarity on Choice of Refrigerant For The Short Term Critical For
Industry To Move Forward
R410a Current Choice To Replace HCFCs
Will Make The Current Regulations Being Implemented
Although Proven Technology Will Need Time To Adopt

Refrigerant Proliferation By Application And Region Will Continue

Both Synthetic And Natural Refrigerants Are Good Choices Based
On Application
Regulations Activity Will Continue To Grow And Affect Choices
Containment And Recovery Of Refrigerant Are Important For Any
Refrigerant
Leaks Reduce Efficiency For Synthetic And Natural Refrigerants
A Holistic Approach To Refrigerant Selection By Application And
Region Is Best For The Environment
Finally, Without Maintenance, Even The Best Systems Degrade In
Performance - Maintenance Is Key To Being Green
16