CHAPTER 3

IMMOBILIZED
ENZYMES
1

Immobilized Enzymes:
- Advantages of enzymes as industrial
catalyst OVER conventional catalyst.
- Advantages of immobilized enzymes
OVER soluble enzymes.
- Current and potential applications of
immobilized enzymes in industry.
2

Enzyme Reaction Process

Advantages of enzymes as
INDUSTRIAL CATALYST
over CONVENTIONAL
CATALYST

Conventional Catalyst
Enzyme Catalyst
Substances that increase or
Proteins that increase rate of
Function decrease the rate of a chemical chemical reactions converting
reaction but remain unchanged.
substrate into product.
Molecular
Low molecular weight
High molecular weight globular
weight
compounds.
proteins.
There are two types of
There are two types of catalysts
Types
enzymes - activation enzymes
positive and negative catalysts.
and inhibitory enzymes.
Catalysts are simple inorganic
Nature
Enzymes are complex proteins.
molecules.
Alternate
Inorganic catalyst.
Organic catalyst or bio catalyst.
terms
Reaction
Typically slower
Several times faster
rates
They are not specific and
Enzymes are highly specific
Specificity
therefore end up producing
producing large amount of
residues with errors
good residues
Mild conditions, physiological
Conditions
High temp, pressure
pH and temperature
C-C and Cabsent
present
H bonds
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Example
vanadium oxide
amylase, lipase

IMMOBILIZED
ENZYMES

Enzyme Immobilization????

To restrict enzyme
mobility in a fixed space.

Enzyme Immobilization????
Immbolized enzymes are

ATTACHED
to an insoluble suppport medium or
enclosed by the support medium
which is also known as a CARRIER
In some cases, the enzymes molecules are
cross-linked to each other so that their
movement is restricted but their catalytic
activities are retained.

Need for Immobilizaton

ECONOMICAL

continuous use of biocatalyst is possible

CONVENIENCE

separation of bio-catalyst &

product is much easier than
conventional batch process

STABILITY

Immobilized enzymes
typically have greater thermal
& operational stability than
the soluble form of the
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enzyme

Method for Enzyme

Immobilization

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Methods for immobilization enzyme

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Carrier-binding Method

The oldest immobilization

method.
Carriers (water insoluble)
such as polysaccharide
derivatives, synthetic
polymers, and porous glass,
etc.
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Cross-linking Method
Based on the formation of chemical bonds, but
water-insoluble carriers are not used in this method.
Reagents such as glutaldehyde, bisdiazobenzidine,
and hexamethylene diisocyanate, etc.

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Entrapping Method
Based on confining enzymes in the lattice of a polymer matrix or enclosing
enzymes in semipermeable membranes.
A chemical polymerization reaction e.g. cllagen, gelatin, cellulose etc.

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Preparation &
Characteristics
of immobilized
enzyme

17

Preparation & Characteristics of

immobilized enzyme

18

The properties of
immobilized enzymes

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The properties of immobilized enzymes

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The properties of immobilized enzymes

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Characterization of immobilized
enzymes

scheme of a particle with immobilized

biocatalyst

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Advantages of
IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES
over SOLUBLE ENZYMES

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the current and potential of

applications of immobilized
enzymes in industry ---> will
be upload later

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