Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
CO
Federal Aviation
Administration
Demonstration and
Hands-On Training
Acknowledgments
g
Gordon Hayhoe,
Ha hoe Rodney
Rodne Joel and Jeff
Rapol, FAA.
Ken DeBord and Mike Roginski, Boeing
Commercial Airplane Co.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
Outline
Brief re
review
ie of ACN/PCN system
s stem and ICAO
definitions.
FAA guidance on PCN calculation.
Draft AC 150/5335-5B and computer programs
(COMFAA 3.0 and new support program).
Flexible example using COMFAA 3.0.
Rigid example using COMFAA 3.0 for a large
hub airport.
airport
Using COMFAA 3.0 additional features.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
ICAO Documents
Annex 14 to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
ACN/PCN System
y
- Definitions
ACN A number expressing the relative effect of an
aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard
subgrade strength.
PCN - A number expressing the bearing strength of
pavement for unrestricted operations.
p
ap
Therefore, if a particular aircraft at a given weight
has an ACN less than, or equal to, the PCN of a
particular pavement (ACN PCN), then no
restrictions need to be placed on operation of that
aircraft on that pavement
pavement.
Special provisions for overload evaluation.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
ACN Computation
p
ACN is computed as the ratio of a computed
(derived) single-wheel load to a reference singlewheel load.
Flexible: Based on the US Army Corps of Engineers ESWL
CBR method of design using alpha factors adopted by ICAO
O t b 2007.
October
2007 Thi
Thickness
k
iis computed
t d ffor 10
10,000
000 coverages.
Rigid: PCA Westergaard interior stress method of design.
Thickness is computed
p
for 10,000 coverages.
g
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
Subgrade
g
Strength
g for ACN Computation
p
Fle
Flexible:
ible The CBR of the subgrade
s bgrade soil
soil.
Rigid: The k-value at the top of the support,
including all subbase layers.
It is not the same as the k-value of the subgrade
soil.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
PCN Reporting
p
g Format
PCN values
al es are reported in a coded format
using 5 parts separated by /
S
Sample
l 39/F/B/X/T
Information includes:
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
Current ICAO
Designations
g
and Limits
Proposed ICAO
Designations
g
and Limits
Unlimited
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
10
PCN Using
g Aircraft Method
Find the ACN of all of the aircraft regularly
reg larl
using the pavement and pick the largest
ACN to be the PCN of the pavement.
pavement
But see page 3-27 of the ICAO manual:
Support of a particularly heavy load, but only rarely,
does not necessarily establish a capability to support
eq i alent loads on a reg
equivalent
regular
lar repetiti
repetitive
e basis
basis.
Federal Aviation
Administration
11
Federal Aviation
Administration
12
Federal Aviation
Administration
13
AC 150/5335-5A (2006)
St d di d Method
Standardized
M th d off Reporting
R
ti
Ai
Airportt Pavement
P
t Strength
St
th PCN
Federal Aviation
Administration
14
Draft Advisory
y Circular 150/5335-5B
AC 150/5335
150/5335-5A,
5A PCN,
PCN
to be replaced by AC
150/5335 5B.
150/5335-5B.
Draft AC was posted
for comment October
2009.
Comment period has
ended.
Copy of draft AC is
i l d d on the
included
h CD.
CD
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
15
AC 150/5335-5B
STANDARDIZED METHOD OF REPORTING AIRPORT PAVEMENT
STRENGTH - PCN
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
16
AC 150/5335-5B PCN
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
17
Draft AC 150/5335-5B
- Changes from AC 150/5335
150/5335-5A
5A
The procedure for selecting the critical aircraft has
been substantially revised.
The procedure for computing equivalent departures
has been replaced by a new procedure based on
g factor (CDF).
(
)
cumulative damage
Except for obtaining the structure and aircraft
properties, the procedure has been completely
automated in a revised version of the computer
program COMFAA (COMFAA 3.0).
A spreadsheet
d h
application
li i has
h been
b
developed
d
l
d to
facilitate determining the evaluation thickness.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
18
Draft AC 150/5335-5B
The design procedures recommended in the new
AC are:
CBR ESWL with the new alpha factors for flexible pavements.
Edge stress Westergaard as implemented in AC 150/5320-6C
and -6D.
The PCA center stress method can also be selected in
COMFAA 3.0.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
19
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
20
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
21
AC 150/5335-5B Computer
p
Programs
g
COMFAA 3.0
3 0 Program
Support Spreadsheet for COMFAA (Excel)
Input Support:
Flexible Layer Equivalency Worksheet
Rigid Pavement k-Value Worksheet
Output Support:
Output Data Parsing
Rigid and Flexible Chart Creation
FAA Form 5010 Preparation
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
22
COMFAA Support
pp
Spreadsheet
p
Flexible Layer Equivalency
The equivalent pavement
has three layers:
5 iin. P
P-401,
401
8 in. P-209,
P-154.
The spreadsheet
determines the maximum
thickness for the
equivalent
i l t pavementt
based on the userdefined layer equivalency
f t
factors.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
23
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
P-306
1.2
1.3
1.4
P-304
1.3
1.4
1.5
P-209
P-301
n/a
P-154
n/a
Existing
Flexible
Pavement
Layers
Existing
Layer
Thickness
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
ENTER P-401
2.0 and/or P-403
6.0 in.
1.2
1.6
1.7
1.8
0.0 in.
1.2
1.6
1.7
1.8
0.0 in.
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.4
12.0 in.
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.5
ENTER P-208
1.3 and/or P-211
0.0 in.
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.0 in.
13.0 in.
Federal Aviation
Administration
9.0
24
PAVEMENT TO BE
EVALUATED IN COMFAA
P-401
P-401
P-209
10
Deptth from Surface, iin.
P-209
15
20
P-154
25
P-154
30
35
Subgrade
CBR 9.0
Subgrade
CBR 9.0
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
25
Using
g the COMFAA 3.0 Program
g
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
26
COMFAA Input
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
27
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
28
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
29
COMFAA Output
p
Click Details to view
the detailed output
output.
Message Flexible
Computation Finished
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
30
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
31
COMFAA Output
p Details ((I))
COMFAA generates
t an aircraft
i
ft ACN table.
t bl
CBR 9 indicates B subgrade designation.
Federal Aviation
Administration
32
COMFAA Output
p Details ((II))
COMFAA generates a table based
on the CDF method. For each
aircraft, allowable gross weight
and corresponding PCN are
identified.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
CBR 9 indicates B
subgrade designation
designation.
Federal Aviation
Administration
33
COMFAA Output
p Details ((III))
Federal Aviation
Administration
34
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
35
COMFAA Support
pp
Spreadsheet
p
Data Parse
Copy/Paste output
data into Cell B5
Click Create
Flexible Pavement
Charts
Airplanes are
ordered by PCN
number, with the
aircraft at top giving
the highest PCN
when treated as
critical.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
36
Most Demanding
g Aircraft in Traffic Mix
Rigid Pavemen
nt Thickness
35 in.
1,000
30 in.
800
25 in.
20 in
in.
600
15 in.
400
10 in.
200
5 in.
0 in.
```
DC8-63
767-200
ER
0
777-200 A300-B4 747-400
Airp
plane Gross Weig
ght, lbs. (thousan
nds)
AC 150/5335-5B Example
727-200
25.7
25.7
25.5
27.5
28.8
23.1
33.2
31.4
31.9
29.5
29.3
27.5
33.8
33.8
33.8
33.8
33.8
33.8
4 Max
4.
Max.Allowable
Allowable Aircraft
GW from CDF
378 158
378,158
365 739
365,739
646 354
646,354
443 728
443,728
992 902
992,902
253 830
253,830
370,000
330,000
600,000
370,000
820,000
185,000
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Thickness
Comparison
Compare
thickness and
gross weights.
When CDF
thickness (yellow)
is less than
evaluation
thickness (red),
excess PCN is
available.
Federal Aviation
Administration
37
73
71
68
PCN= 70
2,500
57
57
PCN= 60
PCN= 50
45 47
49
51
52
54
48
2,000
1,500
PCN= 40
PCN= 30
1,000
PCN= 20
500
PCN= 10
PCN= 0
767-200
ER
DC8-63
777-200
A300-B4
747-400
727-200
45.2
48.8
51.3
52.4
53.9
48.2
46.6
56.7
57.0
68.3
70.6
72.8
2,000
800
300
1,500
3,000
400
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
PCN
Comparison
3,000
PCN= 80
Annual Departure
A
es
Subgrade cod
de= B at CBR= 9
9.0, t= 33.8
3,500
PCN= 90
Federal Aviation
Administration
38
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
CASE 1
Federal Aviation
Administration
AIRCRAFT
DC-9-30/40
Traffic Data
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
39
ACN
gear
Operating
Weight, lb
Gear Load.
lbs.
Wheel
Load, lbs.
Avg Annual
Departures
Total
Coverages
20 yrs
109000
51775
25888
44
B717-200
122000
57950
28975
301
1701
A318-100 std
124500
59138
29569
654
3593
A319-100 std
142500
67688
33844
13,002
70663
A320-100
151000
71725
35863
15,280
79583
MD-80/83/88
161000
76475
38238
739
4322
MD-90
168500
80038
40019
213
1283
B727-200 basic
185200
87970
43985
111
760
B737-700
188200
89395
44698
18,133
96709
B757-300
2D
271000
128725
32181
10,079
51555
DC-8-60/70
2D
358000
170050
42513
79
472
A300-b4 std
2D
365750
173731
43433
831
4579
B767 300
B767-300
2D
413000
196175
49044
2 521
2,521
14006
DC-10
2D
458000
217550
54388
115
622
B787-8
2D
478000
227050
56763
32
169
A330-200 std
2D
509000
241775
60444
88
936
A340-300 std
2D
608000
243200
60800
179
1884
MD-11
2D
633000
245288
61322
44
240
B747-400
B747
400
2D
877000
208288
52072
754
4358
A380 (2D)
2D
1235000
469300
117325
59
309
255075
Federal Aviation
42513
1,095
Administration
B777-200 base
3D
537000
5153 40
CASE 1
Existing
E
isting
Pavement
Data
Effective k at top of
base = 323 psi/in
17 PCC,, R = 775 p
psi
8 CTB
k-value = 160 psi/in
CASE 1
Pavement thickness
requirements based
on actual annual
departures:
FAA AC 150/5320-6D
PCA method
B737-700 appears to
be the design
design
airplane based on
5335-5A procedures.
B737-700 is comprised
of several D gear
airplanes.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
AIRCRAFT
ACN
gear
Operating
Weight (lb)
41
Annual
Departures
PCA Design
Thickness (in)
DC-9-30/40
109000
8 04
8.04
7 24
7.24
B717-200
122000
301
9.66
8.65
A318-100 std
124500
654
9.23
8.18
A319-100
A319
100 std
142500
13 002
13,002
12 17
12.17
10 14
10.14
A320-100
151000
15,280
12.98
10.73
MD-80/83/88
161000
739
11.67
10.46
MD-90
168500
213
11.49
10.27
B727-200 basic
185200
111
10.92
9.81
B737-700
188200
18,133
15.47
12.71
B757-300
2D
271000
10,079
10.85
10.31
DC-8-60/70
2D
358000
79
10.05
9.72
A300-b4 std
2D
365750
831
10.78
10.62
B767-300
2D
413000
2,521
11.62
11.26
DC-10
2D
458000
115
9.52
9.21
B787-8
2D
478000
32
10.57
10.1
A330-200 std
2D
509000
88
10.84
10.28
A340-300 std
2D
608000
179
10.99
10.45
MD-11
2D
633000
44
10.65
10.27
B747-400
2D
877000
754
11.17
11.07
A380 (2D)
2D
1235000
59
10.60
10.13
B777-200 base
3D
537000
1,095
Federal8.85
Aviation
Administration
9.46
42
CASE 1
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
43
Allowable
Operating
Weight
Equiv.
Annual
Departures
5335-5A
PCN/R/B
AIRPLANE
ACN
gear
DC-9-30/40
148600
739535
45.4
A318-100 std
181000
345027
46.1
B717-200
158900
386168
50.1
A319-100 std
189250
168314
52 1
52.1
A320-100
189500
125753
55.2
B737-700
201400
45167
59.8
MD-80/83/88
184000
92089
60.1
MD-90
189100
74317
61.4
B727-200 basic
222200
48463
65.7
B757-300
2D
385300
130968
68.7
A300-b4 std
2D
481000
32997
84 9
84.9
DC-8-60/70
2D
457500
36135
85.6
B767-300
2D
553000
20131
87.3
A330-200 std
2D
672000
9296
89.3
A340-300 std
2D
806000
10907
90.1
A380 (2D)
2D
1568000
20322
92.0
B747-400
2D
1148000
15972
92.8
DC-10
2D
653600
13572
93 0
93.0
B787-8
2D
608500
11612
96.4
MD-11
2D
820500
9462
100.6
B777-200 base
3D
920500
23190
115.2
Federal Aviation
Administration
44
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Operating
Weight
Airplane
ACN/R/B
A318-100 std
124500
29.5
DC-9-30/40
109000
31.3
B717-200
122000
36.5
A319-100 std
142500
37.2
B757-300
2D
271000
41.4
A320-100
151000
42.2
B777-200
B777
200 baseline
3D
537000
47.4
MD-80/83/88
161000
51.3
B727-200 basic
185200
52.7
MD-90
168500
53.5
B737-700
188200
55.2
DC-10
2D
458000
56.4
A300-b4 std
2D
365750
57.3
57.4
B767-300
2D
413000
DC-8-60/70
2D
358000
60
A330-200 std
2D
509000
61.2
A340-300 std
2D
608000
61.4
B747-400
2D
877000
63
A380 (2D)
2D
1235000
65.8
B787-8
2D
478000
68.3
MD-11
2D
633000
69.6
Airplan
nes can o
operate
withou
ut restrictiion
AIRPLANE
Weight
Restricttions
CASE 1
Gear
type
for
ACN
Federal Aviation
Administration
45
Federal Aviation
Administration
46
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
47
COMFAA Support
pp
Spreadsheet
p
Rigid Pavement k-Value
k Value
Each subbase layer
contributes to an improved
subgrade support k-value.
k value
ENTER all existing pavement
layers.
ENTER the flexural strength
of the concrete and the
subgrade support k-value.
The spreadsheet updates the
graphical representation of
the existing and equivalent
pavement.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
48
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
49
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
50
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
51
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
52
Rigid Pavement Th
R
hickness
16 in.
1,400
14 in.
1,200
12 in.
1,000
10 in.
800
8 in.
600
6 in.
400
``
4 iin.
200
2 in.
0 in.
B747-400
1. 6D thickness at traffic mix
GW
11.1
B787-8
A330-200 A340-300
A380-Wing (Preliminar
std
std
y)
10.8
11.1
10.6
10.5
Compare
thickness and
gross weights.
When CDF
thickness (yellow)
is less than
evaluation
thickness (red),
excess PCN is
available.
0
MD11
10.6
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
14.9
14.9
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
4. Max.Allowable Aircraft GW
from CDF
1,076,982
657,683
785,764
1,558,981
590,004
792,982
877,000
509,000
608,000
1,235,000
478,000
633,000
Thickness
Comparison
Airplane
e Gross Weight, lb
bs. (thousands)
18 in.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
53
Subgra
ade code= B323.0, t= 17.0
PCN= 100
61
61
66
68
70
PCN= 60
500
400
PCN= 50
300
PCN= 40
PCN 30
PCN=
200
PCN= 20
100
PCN= 10
PCN= 0
A330-200
A330
200 A340-300
A340 300
B747-400
std
std
A380A380
Wing
B787-8
(Prelimina
ry)
MD11
63.0
61.2
61.4
65.8
68.3
69.6
84.6
86.6
87.0
91.2
92.2
95.8
754
88
179
59
32
44
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
PCN
Comparison
700
600
PCN= 80
63
96
92
91
87
87
85
PCN= 90
PCN= 70
800
Annual Departu
ures
PCN= 110
PCN
6 most demanding
aircraft in mix.
PCN needed for
using traffic is 70
70.
PCN based on
CDF analysis can
be reported as
high as 96.
Next, click on
Form 5010 tab
tab.
Federal Aviation
Administration
54
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Form 5010
W Unlimited
Using Aircraft
X 218 psi
Technical
Y 145 psi
C Subgrade Category (CBR 6)
73 psi
96/R/B/W/T
RIGID PAVEMENT
W/B (tandem gear under wing AND tandem gear under body)
Enter PCN
96
FAA Form
Gross Weight
5010 Data
and PCN
Element
#35 S
100
#36 D
280
#37 DT
793
#38 DDT
#39 PCN 96 / R / B / W / T
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
55
2D Gears
100
PCN
N or ACN
80
60
A380
B747
40
B757
20
B777
5335 5A PCN/R/B
5335-5A
5335-5B PCN/R/B
Airplane ACN/R/B
0
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
Reported Operating Weight, lbs. (not the weight used for PCN calculation)
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
56
Batch
Runs all airplanes in
succession.
Automatically invoked by PCN
Flex and Rigid Batch function.
Metric
PCA Thick
Equivalent coverages
computed with the PCA
interior stress design method.
PCA GW
Maximum gross weight
computed with the PCA
interior stress design method.
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
57
PCN Computes
p
PCN using
g
CDF-based procedure.
Thickness Computes by AC
150/5320 6D procedure.
150/5320-6D
d
Interior Stress
Edge Stress
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
58
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
59
More Information
Contact Dr
Dr. Gordon Ha
Hayhoe
hoe
Gordon.Hayhoe@faa.gov
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
60
Questions?
COMFAA Demonstration
December 8, 2010
Federal Aviation
Administration
61