Activity 1 : Negotiation

diplomatic
* Power relations of the Apartheid:
Apartheid came progressively but the rules were officially set in 1948 after the
elections won by the Afrikaner nationalist party, the Reunited National Party. At
this point in time we had two opposing groups; on one hand the whites who were
leading the country and won the election based on their policy of apartheid and
on the other the 3 segregated ethnic groups (blacks, colored and Indians).
Lets observe the strategy and power plays of each party.
The White Afrikaners strategy:
Dividing to conquer
The Afrikaners based on their beliefs that it was ungodly and impossible for all
cultures and races to live together decided to separate the people geographically
into many groups depending on skin color. Different race groups were not
allowed to get married or even have sexual relations.
Promoting unfairness
One of the laws of Apartheid was the Separation of amenities Act (1953) which
made specific areas (parks, beaches, busses, schools, hospitals, etc) reserved for
a certain group. In this division the leaders made sure that blacks were allocated
the least services and amenities in terms of number and quality. Blacks were not
allowed to employ whites.
Controlling human movement and interaction
Blacks were excluded from all white areas. To enter these white areas, blacks
needed a pass which was only given to a black who had a job in the white area,
in which case that working man would have to leave his family back in the
Homelands, and that pass would only be valid for one town. Control of passes
was done by frequent police patrol within white areas, being caught without a
valid pass meant trial and deportation.
Limiting education, culture and democratic rights
The Bantu Education Act (1953) was put in place to segregate education by
designing the programs (for black student) to teach only to become a part of the
laboring class. Also whilst South Africa was rich in different cultures and
languages an act placed in 1974 obliged all teaching to be made in Afrikaans
only. Only whites were allowed to vote.

The other ethnic groups strategy.

Game of numbers
Whilst this group did not have the power, they had the number as they
represented more than two thirds of the population. Their party the ANC decided
that a good way to put an end to Apartheid was to use their numbers in big
campaigns through strikes and boycotts.
Raising global awareness
The strikes, protests and demonstrations organized by the ANC eventually led to
violent encounters with the authorities. The Sharpeville Massacre (1960, 69 dead)
and the Soweto uprising (1974, approx. 176 dead) were events were the
authorities opened fired on unarmed civilians which was instrumental in creating
awareness in the international community.
Getting allies
From 1960, campaign for cultural boycotts was underway as many famous artists
and television decided to no longer distribute their products to South Africa
therefor causing consciousness amongst the South African population itself.
From 1980, global awareness was made and the international community starting
acting against apartheid by imposing economic sanctions through boycotts on
South Africa creating a mass disinvestment from Europeans and Americans.

* Positions of the parties before:

Positions of the parties before
The other ethnic groups

Represented 79% of the

population.
Occupied 7% of the territory.
No liberty of movement within
National territory.
All living aspect ruled by forced
segregation.
No democratic rights.
Limited access to education
and/or low level of education
available.

The White Afrikaners

Represented 21% of the

population.
Occupied 93% of the territory.
Liberty of movement.
Institution of segregation to
allow the minority to control the
majority.
Total control of the political
system
Access to the best schools.

1 Objectives :
Describe and analyze a situation of international diplomatic negotiation.
The expected elements:
* Identification of parts : Les blancs, les noirs, les metisses, len indiens.

* Identification of issues : Larrivee de lapartheid, Pk, comment ?

* Power relations : La volont de mettre fin a lapartheid.
* Positions of the parties before : -> Situation de lapartheid (Economique, social, etc)
* Results of the negotiation : -> Situation apres (Mandela president etc)

2 choice of situations
You can take the negotiation in history, actuality, economics, politics or examples
of war.

3 Expectations :
2 or 3 pages maximum.
YOU CAN WORK IN A TEAM OF 2,3 or 4 STUDENTS
You must put your work in the space "fichiers partags"

4 - Form rules
Your file be named like this :
Names
Activity1
Class
For example :

5 Dates
The activity 1 is beginning 4 th march and is finishing the 3 th April
2015.

6 - the rules of notation

The average of the 2 activities count for 30% for the final note.
If you make only one activity = note /2

Good work !