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Dr. H. K. Verma
Distinguished Professor (EEE)
Sharda University, Greater Noida
(Formerly: Deputy Director and Professor of Instrumentation
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)
Sensor Networks
CONTENTS
1. Industrial Data Networks
2. LAN Topologies
3. Device Level Networks
4. 7-Layer OSI Model of Communication System
5. Networking of Sensors
Sensor Networks
Workstation
Server
Enterprise level
network
Control Terminal
Control Terminal
(LAN / WAN)
Control level
network
(LAN)
Industrial Controller/
PLC/RTU
Device-level network
(LAN/PAN)
FD
FD
FD
FD
on Factory Floor.
v Device-Level Network
Network of a controller/PLC/RTU in Control Room with
its field devices (Sensors, Actuators, etc.) on Factory
Floor.
Sensor Networks
LAN Topologies
vBasic Topologies
1. Point-to-Point
2. Multipoint
vMultipoint Topologies
1. Bus
2. Ring
3. Star
4. Tree
5. Mesh
Sensor Networks
Data flow
T
Stations
Tap
Star Topology
Central node
v
v
v
v
Sensor Networks
Tree Topology
Data flow
Tap
Branches
Data flow
Headend
Data flow
10
11
Device-level network
FD
FD
FD
FD
Sensor Networks
12 12
FD
FD
Sensor Networks
13 13
Sensor Networks
14
Technologies/Protocols
for Device-Level Networks
Technologies/Protocols
for Wired Networks
Technologies/Protocols
for Wireless Networks
v RS422
v Zigbee
v RSR485
v MODbus
v Wi-Fi
v Foundation Fieldbus
v Bluetooth
v HART
v Wireless Fieldbus
v CAN
v LON
v BACNet
Sensor Networks
15
16
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Network Layer
Data-Link Layer
Data-Link Layer
Physical Layer
Physical Layer
Sensor Networks
17
Application Programs
Data Presentation
(Encryption, Compression, Data Formatting)
Session Layer
Inter-Application Dialogues
Transport Layer
Addressing
Network Layer
Network Routing
Data-Link Layer
Physical Layer
Signal
Sensor Networks
18
Networking of Sensors
Four Situations:
Situation A Ordinary Sensor + SC + MPU + Interface
Situation B Network Sensor
Situation C Smart Sensor + Custom Interface
Situation D Smart Sensor + IEEE 1451 Interface
Sensor Networks
19
Ordinary
sensor
SC
ADC
Comm.
interface
Comm.
port
ROM
Network
Advantage
v Flexibility
Sensor Networks
Disadvantages
v Cumbersome
v Only expert can do
v Expensive
2014: Dr. H. K. Verma
20
Smart
network
sensor
Network
Comm. port
Advantages
v Simple
v Fast
v No expertise required
Sensor Networks
Disadvantage
v No flexibility of network protocol
21
Smart
sensor
ADC
MPU
Advantage
v No SC required
Sensor Networks
Custom
com
interface
Comm.
port
Network
Disadvantages
v Cumbersome
v Only expert can do
22
Smart
sensor
STIM
NCAP
Network
IEEE 1451Compliant
Advantages
v No SC required
v Flexibility of network protocol
Sensor Networks
Disadvantage
v Needs STIM & NCAP
23