Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Higher 2
(Syllabus 9731)
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
AIMS
ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
EXAMINATION FORMAT
SYLLABUS CONTENT
SYLLABUS GUIDE
RECOMMENDED READING
18
INTRODUCTION
H2 History is a contemporary study of regional and international developments in the twentieth century. An
understanding of issues and events in the twentieth century offers candidates valuable insights into the
complexities of regional and international relations. H2 History enables candidates to appreciate Singapores
role in the region and the larger international community. Through a thematic-comparative and issues-based
approach, candidates are able to identify patterns, recognise change and continuity, and understand the
historical forces that have shaped our present.
AIMS
H2 History aims to enable candidates to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Appreciate the nature and the variety of historical sources and understand the methods used by
historians.
6.
7.
8.
Develop empathy with people living in diverse places and at different times.
ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
Candidates are expected to:
AO1: Knowledge
demonstrate an understanding of the complexities of issues and themes within a historical period
distinguish and assess different approaches to, interpretations of, and opinions about the past
express awareness of historical concepts such as change and continuity, cause and effect and
Paper 1
Paper 2
Total
AO1 + AO2
37.5%
37.5%
75%
AO1 + AO3
12.5%
12.5%
25%
Total
50%
50%
100%
EXAMINATION FORMAT
Candidates will sit for two written papers of which the duration for each paper is 3 hours. Each paper is
divided into two sections of which candidates are required to answer the compulsory source-based study in
Section A and three essay questions in Section B.
International History, 19452000 (3 hours)
Section A
(25%)
Section B
(75%)
There will be a total of five essay questions, with one question on each of the
following themes, and the last two questions on any two themes:
The Cold War and How it Shaped the World
The Development of the Global Economy
Conflict and Cooperation
Candidates are required to answer three questions. Each essay question carries
25 marks.
History of Southeast Asia, c.19001997 (3 hours)
Section A
(25%)
Section B
(75%)
There will be a total of five essay questions, with one question on each of the
following themes, and the last two questions on any two themes:
How Independence was Achieved
Challenges to Independent Southeast Asian States
Regional Conflicts and Cooperation
Essay questions set will be thematic, requiring candidates to support answers with
examples drawn from at least three countries of the candidates choice. Essay
questions may also require candidates to draw comparisons among countries.
Candidates are required to answer three questions. Each essay question carries
25 marks.
SOURCE-BASED STUDY
The topic for the source-based study is prescribed. Candidates are expected to have a sound knowledge of
the prescribed topic and an acquaintance with the kinds of sources available. The question will be based on
sources that might be used by historians in building up an account of the period or topic. Both primary and
secondary sources could be used for the source-based study. Candidates will be expected to have an
understanding of the ways in which these sources may be evaluated.
A maximum of five sources will be set for the source-based study. Differing accounts of the same situations
or accounts from the same source may be set. These accounts may show different views as time progresses
or in communicating with different recipients. A variety of sources may be used, for example, documentary,
statistical, visual and maps. The sources set will usually total no more than 800 words (or their equivalent
where non-textual sources are used). The question poses candidates with an assertion which they need to
test against given sources and their background knowledge of issues.
ESSAY QUESTIONS
Essay questions will not be set on the subject matter selected for source-based study. Candidates answers
should be focused and show depth of historical understanding and evidence of reading.
In addition, the answers should demonstrate a high level of conceptual ability and an evaluation of the
assumptions implied in the question.
Candidates are required to answer in continuous prose and the quality of language used by the candidate in
presenting the argument would be taken into account.
SYLLABUS CONTENT
International History, 19452000
The focus of this paper is on the key developments and events that shaped the international order after
1945. These key developments and events will be studied in the context of the following themes:
examine the forces that shaped the international order after 1945
explain the interconnectedness of themes and the complexities of historical developments and
2.
3.
II
Collapse of USSR
III
The extension of the Cold War outside Europe: Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis
The growth and problems of the global economy: key developments and reasons
Problems that affected the growth of the global economy e.g. oil crisis, protectionism versus
free trade, trade imbalances, debt crisis
Japans economic miracle: reasons for Japans economic success and its problems
2.
3.
International Law: International Court of Justice; UN Convention of the Sea; laws against
international terrorism
* The source-based study is on the topic, The Political Effectiveness of the United Nations, 19452000.
Candidates will be expected to assess the effectiveness of the United Nations in meeting its
responsibilities within the context of the changing international system. They should be aware of the
different views on and accounts of the effectiveness of the United Nations and be able to interpret sources
that provide these views and explanations.
The paper emphasises cross-comparative studies of countries in the Southeast Asian region during the
different stages of their experience between 1900 and 1997. It is recommended that the case studies be
carefully selected to provide a meaningful study of the similarities and differences in the historical
developments of this region.
The following countries could be selected as possible case studies. Candidates are expected to select at
least three countries as examples to support their answers.
Countries under study
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
Thailand
The Philippines
Brunei
Vietnam
Laos
Myanmar
Cambodia
Origins of pre-World War II nationalism: political, economic and social impact of colonial rule
2.
Policies adopted by the colonial governments to deal with the challenges posed by the
nationalist movements
3.
4.
II
Historical debate on whether the Japanese Occupation was a turning point of Southeast Asian
nationalism
End of the colonial rule: role of the nationalists; impact of colonial policies and international
circumstances
Confrontation and negotiation between the Southeast Asian nationalists and the colonial
powers after World War II
International circumstances e.g. American support of decolonisation; Cold War between USA
and USSR; threat of Communism
2.
3.
Different approaches to create national unity e.g. education, language, religion, dominant
culture, multiculturalism, national symbols and ideologies
III
2.
Causes of inter-state tensions: historical animosities, racial and religious divisions, ideological
differences, territorial disputes
* ASEAN, 1967-1997
ASEAN after the Vietnam War (1975): regional peace and security of Southeast Asia
* The source-based study is on the topic, ASEAN, 19671997. Candidates will be expected to assess the
effectiveness of ASEAN in meeting its responsibilities within the regional framework. They should be
aware of the different views on and accounts of the effectiveness of ASEAN and be able to interpret
sources that provide these views and explanations.
SYLLABUS GUIDE
International History, 19452000
Theme: The Cold War and How it Shaped the World
Topics
The origins of the Cold
War in Europe after
World War II
Content
Learning Outcomes
Concepts
Cold War
superpower
Iron Curtain
ideology
capitalism
containment
communism
democracy
satellite state
alliance
defence
security
bipolarity
preserving peace
safeguarding
democracy
ideology
satellite state
territorial integrity
sovereignty
diplomacy
proxy war
preserving peace
safeguarding
democracy
Content
Learning Outcomes
Concepts
ideology
peaceful
co-existence
bipolarity
multipolarity
nationalism
economic survival
security
sovereignty
freedom
patriotism
Content
Learning Outcomes
Candidates are able to:
examine the reasons for the growth of
the global economy
analyse the problems that affected the
growth of the global economy
evaluate the reasons for the
dominance of USA in the global
economy
examine the reasons for the economic
growth of Japan and its problems
examine the reasons for Chinas rise
as a new economic power
Concepts
10
free trade
protectionism
interdependence
independence
dependence
capitalism
market economy
globalisation
trade war
trade liberalisation
sustainable
development
regionalisation
integration
survival
interdependence
economic security
pragmatism
optimism
dynamism
growth
common good
collaboration
commitment
credibility
cooperation
economic success
foresight
vision
stability
Content
Learning Outcomes
Candidates are able to:
examine the reasons for the rise of
religious fundamentalism
assess the impact of religious
fundamentalism on regional security
Concepts
nationalism
fundamentalism
terrorism
The Political
Effectiveness of the
United Nations, 1945
2000
11
state
nation
nationalism
sovereignty
collective security
peacemaking
peacekeeping
peace enforcement
national sovereignty
veto power
tolerance
equality
law and order
racial and religious
harmony
loyalty
security
social cohesion
national
consciousness
tolerance
equality
law and order
racial and religious
harmony
loyalty
security
social cohesion
national
consciousness
peace and stability
security
leadership
cooperation
flexibility
realism
Content
Learning Outcomes
12
Concepts
defence
deterrence
regional and
international
cooperation
sensitivity
foresight
vision
goodwill
interdependence
survival
global citizen
pragmatism
Content
Colonial governments
response to nationalist
movements
Learning Outcomes
Concepts
colonialism
nationalism
anti-colonial struggle
ideology
communism
democracy
revolution
sense of belonging
patriotism
national pride
courage
determination
leadership
cooperation
accommodation
suppression
resilience
endurance
survival
13
Content
Learning Outcomes
Concepts
nationalism
divide and rule
collaboration
resistance
national
consciousness
indomitable spirit
determination
perseverance
self-reliance
identity
freedom
imperialism
decolonisation
revolution
resistance
independence
sovereignty
self-government
self-determination
independence
freedom
citizenship
sense of belonging
self-reliance
loyalty
communism
communalism
Cold War
vision
survival
14
Content
Economic
development and
consequences
Learning Outcomes
Concepts
government
parliamentary
democracy
liberal democracy
maximum government
authoritarianism
dictatorship
monarchy
republic
ideology
communism
constitution
nation building
vision
stability
security
adaptability
religious and racial
tolerance
equality
leadership
good governance
compromise
accommodation
self-sufficiency
neo-colonialism
free trade
capitalism
planned economy
political economy
economic nationalism
self-reliance
survival
dependence
interdependence
good governance
stability
economic security
prudence
enterprise
pragmatism
15
Content
Learning Outcomes
Candidates are able to:
explain the successes and limitations
of the Southeast Asian governments in
forging national unity
explain the successes and limitations
of the policies towards the minorities
16
Concepts
ideology
communalism
national identity
pluralism
regionalism
secession
assimilation
accommodation
multiculturalism
multi-racialism
stability
social cohesion
rights of citizens
racial and religious
harmony
meritocracy
equality
unity
sensitivity
Content
Inter-state tensions in
Southeast Asia;
causes and
consequences
ASEAN, 19671997
Learning Outcomes
Concepts
preserving peace
peace and stability
security
leadership
cooperation
flexibility
realism
sensitivity
foresight
vision
goodwill
identity
conflict and cooperation
collective bargaining
diplomacy
deterrence
cooperation
security
preserving peace
self-reliance
strategic and
economic survival
leadership
vision
17
RECOMMENDED READING
INTERNATIONAL HISTORY, 19452000
General Works
Bell, P.
Arnold (2003)
Berridge, G.
Calvocoressi, P.
Pearson (2001)
Kelleher, A.
Keylor, W.
Oxford (2003)
Mansbach, R. W.
McWilliams, W. C. &
Piotrowski, H. (eds)
Reynolds, D.
W. W. Norton (2000)
Wenger, A.
Woodby, S.
Woods, N.
Oxford (1996)
Young, J.
Oxford (2004)
M. Nijhoff (1992)
Clark, I.
Oxford (2001)
Dobson, A.
Ashgate (1999)
Feis, Herbert
Friedman, N.
Gaddis, J. L.
Oxford (1997)
Garthoff, Rayard, L.
Goodwin, J.
18
Higgins, Hugh
Hobsbawn, E. J.
Abacus (1995)
London (1998)
Kolko, G. & J.
LaFeber, W.
McGraw-Hill (1997)
Lighbody, Bradley
Routledge (1999)
Oxford (1993)
Lundestad, G.
Oxford (1999)
Mason, John W.
Routledge (2002)
McCauley, M.
Longman (1995)
McCauley, M.
Longman (1999)
F. Cass (2000)
Painter, D.
Routledge (1999)
Schwartz, R.
McFarland (1997)
Talbott, Strobe
Khrushchev Remembers
Thompson, R. C.
Walker, Martin
Vintage (1994)
Palgrave (2002)
Bramall, C.
Oxford (2000)
Charles, Randy
Cheng, J. Y. S. (ed.)
Compton, R. W. (ed.)
Ashgate (2002)
19
Dethloff, Henry, C.
Feuchtwang, S.,
Hussain, A. & Pairault,
T. (eds)
Fewsmith, J.
M E Sharpe (1994)
Gilpin, Robert
Earthscan (2001)
Hobsbawm, Eric
Kelly, D.
Palgrave (2002)
Lairson, T. D.
Wadsworth (2003)
Meisner, M.
Pollard, S.
Routledge (1997)
Routledge (2000)
Steger, M. B.
Oxford (2003)
Veseth, M. (ed.)
Wu Yu-shan
Zhang Wei-wei
20
Cass (2001)
Prentice-Hall (1991)
Brown, L. C. (ed.)
Bruce, S.
Fundamentalism
Dawson, P.
Diehl, Paul
Fraser, T. G.
Macmillan (1995)
Ganguly, S.
The Origins of War in South Asia: The IndoPakistani Conflicts since 1947
Goldscheider, C.
Juergensmeyer, M.
Murden, S. W.
Ovendale, Ritchie
Longman (1999)
Routledge (2000)
Tibi, B.
ISEAS (2000)
Baehr, P. R. &
Gordenker, L.
Brooman, Josh
Longman
Ferguson, J.
Gooday (1988)
21
Aspects of Peacekeeping
Gordon, W.
M. E. Sharpe (1994)
Luard, Evan
Macqueen, Norrie
Longman (2002)
Meisler, Stanley
Metzger, K. A. &
Reichenstein, B. (eds)
Osmanczyk, E. J.
Parsons, Anthony
Shawcross, W.
Continuum (2000)
Whittaker, D. J.
Routledge (1997)
22
Cady, J.
Cady, J.
Diamond, L. (ed.)
Dust, A. K. (ed.)
Darwin, J.
Blackwell (1991)
M. E. Sharpe (2003)
Funston, J.
ISEAS (2001)
Harrison, B.
Southeast Asia
Macmillan (1982)
Hunter, G.
Oxford (1966)
Jackson, K. D.
Kahin, G.
Kingsbury, D.
Oxford (2001)
Kratoska, P. (ed.)
Kratoska, P.
Leifer, M.
Longman (1974)
ISEAS (1984)
Lindblad, J. T.
McCoy, A. (ed.)
McCloud, D.
Morley, J.
M E Sharpe (1993)
Mills, L.
Neher, C.
Neher, C.
23
Pandey, B.
Macmillan (1980)
Pluvier, J.
Oxford (1974)
Steinberg, D., et al
Oxford (1985)
Tarling, N. (ed.)
Oxford (1992)
Tarling, N.
CUP (1996)
Tarling, N.
CUP (1998)
Tarling, N.
Aveling, H. (ed.)
Dahm, B.
Dick, H., et al
Longman (1977)
Legge, J.
Legge, J.
Indonesia
Mackie, J.
Oxford (1974)
Ricklefs, M.
Palgrave (2001)
Ashley, S.
Butwell, R.
U Nu of Burma
Cady, J.
Drake, B.
Longman (1979)
Htin Aung
A History of Burma
Indonesia
Myanmar
24
Lintner, B.
Shelby, T.
Silverstein, J. (ed.)
Smith, M.
Steinberg, D. I.
Sulistiyanto, P.
Ashgate (2002)
Taylor, R. (ed.)
Tinker, H.
Oxford (1967)
Trager, F.
Woodman, D.
Aldrich, R.
Oxford (1993)
Batson, B.
Oxford (1984)
Chaiyan Rajchagool
Cooper, D.
Dixon, C.
Routledge (1998)
Drake, B.
Elliott, D.
Lysa Hong
Singapore (1984)
Ingram, J.
Ji Ungpakorn
Moore, F.
Reynolds, C. (ed.)
Riggs, F.
Siffin, W.
Thailand
25
Sulistiyanto, P.
Ashgate (2002)
Vella, W.
Wyatt, D.
Agoncillo, T.
Agoncillo, T.
Bresnan, J.
Brillantes, A.
Constantino, R.
Dios-Javate, A. et al
Conspectus (1998)
Dios-Javate, A. et al
Friend, T.
Ileto, R.
Ileto, R.
Kessler, R.
Muslim Macapado
Abaton
Pomeroy, W.
Schumacher, J.
Bain, C.
Buttinger, J.
Buttinger, J.
Chapuis, O.
The Philippines
Vietnam
26
Duiker, W.
Vietnam in Revolution
Duncanson, D.
Oxford (1968)
Higgins, H.
Vietnam
Hodgkin, T.
Macmillan (1981)
Hue-Tam Ho Tai
Irving, R.
Lockhart, B.
Morris, S.
Sardesai, D.
Ayres, D.
Chandler, D.
Chandler, D.
Chandler, D.
Chandler, D.
Deac, W.
Osborne, M.
Steinberg, D.
Tully, J.
Dommen, A.
Stuart-Fox, M.
Stuart-Fox, M.
A History of Laos
Cambridge (1997)
Toye, H.
Oxford (1968)
Cambodia
Laos
27
Singapore
Baker, J.
Barr, M.
Curzon (2000)
Bellows, T.
Bloodworth, D.
ISEAS (1971)
A History of Singapore
Oxford (1991)
Chew, M.
Leaders of Singapore
Dobbs, S.
SUP (2003)
Drysdale, J.
Elphick, P.
Hack, K.
Curzon (2001)
RoutledgeCurzon (2004)
Huff, W.
Cambridge (1994)
Kratoska, P.
C Hurst (1998)
Kratoska, P. (ed.)
NUS (1995)
Lau, A.
Oxford (1990)
Lau, A.
Tarling, N.
28
Tregonning, K.
Turnbull, C.
Oxford (1989)
Vasil, R.
SUP (1973)
Palgrave (2001)
Andrew, H.
Arasaratnam, S.
Oxford (1979)
Baker, J.
SUP (2003)
Clutterbuck, R.
Cowan, C.
Oxford (1961)
Emerson, R.
Hack, K.
Curzon (2001)
Lau, A.
Oxford (1990)
Lau, A.
Ongkili, J.
Oxford (1985)
Means, G.
Oxford (1991)
Milne, R.
Routledge (1999)
Ramakrishna, K.
Roff, W.
Oxford (1994)
Short, A.
Muller (1975)
Malaysia
29
Stockwell, A.
MBRAS (1979)
Stubbs, R.
Oxford (1989)
Turnbull, C.
Malaysia: A Survey
ASEAN
There is no single collection of sources for this topic. Teachers may utilize sources drawn from any relevant
texts in the recommended reading.
Acharya, A.
Antolik, M.
M. E. Sharpe (1990)
Aranal-Sereno, et al
Broinowski, A.
Understanding ASEAN
Macmillan (1982)
Broinowski, A. (ed.)
Macmillan (1990)
Gill, R.
ASEAN Towards the 21st Century: A ThirtyYear Review of the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations
Haacke, J.
Routledge (2003)
Henderson, J.
Reassessing ASEAN
Narine, S.
Palmujoki, E.
Palgrave (2001)
Palmer, R.
Sandhu, K. (compiler)
ISEAS (1992)
Severino, R.
ISEAS (2003)
Singh, H.
Soesastro, H.
30
Solidum, E.
Somask Chuto
Tay, S.
Reinventing ASEAN
ISEAS (2001)
Tongzon, J.
Cheltenham (1998)
31