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Mrunal(GS3)Cleanenergy:FloatingSolarPlants,AgnisumukhLPG

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[Energy]DeenDayalGramJyoti,NationalLEDProgram,
SyntheticGas,FloatingSolarplants,AgnisumukhLPG
PostedByMrunalOn27/01/2015@11:50pmInEnvironment|41Comments

DeendayalUpadhyayaGramJyotiYojana
LEDSchemesunderModiraj
TheoryCFLvsLEDvsBulblights?
#1:NationalProgramforLEDstreetlights&homelights
#2:DELP:DelhiwalloLEDleloYojana
Floatingsolarpowerplant
SyntheticGas&CNRRao
AgnisumukhLPGstove
Directsaleofbiodieselbymanufacturers
Misc.Developments
MockQuestions

DeendayalUpadhyayaGramJyotiYojana(DDLJDDUGJY)
When? Cabinetclearedtheschemein2014,November.
Which Notannouncedyet.Althoughmostlikelypowerministrybecausetheyimplemented
ministry? RajivGandhiGraminVidhutikaranYojanaearlier.

SalientFeatures?
Separateagricultureandruralhomeelectricitysupplylines.(separateagricultureandnon
agriculturefeeders).
Improveruralelectricityinfrastructure,setupelectricitymeters,useICTenabledsmartgrids.
24x7electricitytoallhouseholdsby2019.
AndmostimportantlytostopRajivGandhiGrameenVidhyutikaranYojana.(becausetwoswords
cantstayinonescabbard.)
Costover40,000crorerupees.
Stateelectricitydistributioncompanieswillbegivencontractsbuttheyvetofinishprojectswithin2
years.

LEDSchemesunderModiraj
TheoryCFLvsLEDvsBulblights?
Electriccurrentheatsuptungstenmetalandtheyglow.Theyarecoveredwithglassto
preventaircontactotherwisetungstenwillbeoxidized.
Filament InertArgongasaddedtopreventTungstenevaporation.
Bulb

Halogenbulbshavesomehalogengas(likeChlorine,Bromine)toprolonglifebecause
theydeposittheevaporatedtungstenbacktothefilament.
LED88%moreefficient&50xmorelifecyclethanbulb
Electronspassthroughmercurygasatlowpressure.

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Tube

ThisgasemitsUVlight

light

InnerFluorescentwhitephosphorcoatingofthetube,willturnthisUVlightintovisible
light.
LED50%moreefficient&810timesmorelifecyclethanCFL.

LED

Lightemittingdiodes(LED)useSemiConductorstoemitlight,whenDCcurrentpassed.
BlueLEDinventorswonNobel2014.clickmeformore

#1:NationalProgramforLEDstreetlights&homelights
Purpose

InstallLEDbulbsasstreetlightsandhomelights

Deadline

March2015toMarch2016.

Coverage

100cities.

Benefit?

24croreenergyunitswillbesaved.

WhyinNews? ModilaunchedinJan.2015

#2:DELP:DelhiwalloLEDleloYojana
DomesticEfficientLightingProgramme(DELP).
ByDelhiGovernment,TataPower,BSESYamnuaetc.
TheyprovideLEDbulbatacheappriceusingonbillfinancingmodel.
AssuchoneLEDbulbcosts~350600rupeesinopenmarket.
Butthisgrouppurchasedbulbsinbulkhenceverycheapforthem.
TheyllsellittoyouatRs.130perbulb.(Rs.10upfront,remaining120in12easyinstallmentsof
Rs.10eachinyourlightbill.)Onecustomercangetmax.2LEDbulbs.
Toavailthisscheme,youvetoregisterateeslindia.org/DelhiLaunchorbysendinganSMStoa
7042299688.
Witheverybulb,youcansaveRs.162inelectricitybilleveryyear.Bulbcanrunfor3years.
WhyinNews?ModilaunchedthisschemeinJanuary2015.

FodderfromModisLEDspeech
Powercanbeproducedinlargequantitybystaffoffewhundredpeople.
Buttosavethatmuchamountofelectricity,weneedcroresofpeopletochangetheirlifestyle
habits.
But,Itismuchmoreeconomicaltoconservepower,thantoproducepower.
Mustinvolvecelebrities,eminentcitizenstocreatejuntaawareness.
OnnewyearinsteadofgivinggiftslikediariesandcalendarsbettergiveLEDsaregifts!
Sameway,CompaniescoulddistributeLEDbulbsalongwithdividendpaymentstotheir
shareholders.
ThisDelhiwalloLEDleloYojanashouldbereplicatedinothertownswithpopulationof1lakhand
above.

#2:Floatingsolarpowerplant

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Where?
W.Bengal:10KWplantoverwater,nearRajarhatNewTown.(inaugurationinJan2015)
RaftfittedwithHollowdrumstofloatonwater.Solarcellsinstalledovertheraft.
FundingfromMinistryofnewandrenewableenergy.
Gujarat:solarcellsinstalledaboveNarmadaCanal.EvenUNSecretaryGeneralBankKiMoonliked
thisidea.

Benefitsoffloatingsolarplants?
Waterconservation:becausetheseplantscutoffsunlightfromwater,thuswaterevaporation
reducedfromcanalsanddamreservoirs.
Duringdryseason,hydroelectricoutputdeclinesfromdam.Iffloatingsolarpanelsinstalledover
damreservoirs,itcanpreventshortfallinelectricityoutput.+noadditionalmanpowerrequiredfor
chowkidaari.
Suchsolarplantshavehigherefficiencybecauserelativelycoolertemperatureinwaterbodies=
higherefficiencyofsolarcell.100sq.metersoffloatingsolarcellscangenerate10MW.
Shortageofland,andgiventhestringentnormsinerstwhileLARR2013act,itwasdifficultto
acquirelandanyways!
Criticism
NGOssaychemicalsfromsolarcells,willcontaminatewater.
Panelsobstructsunlightfromwaterbodies,itmaynegativelyaffecttheflorafaunainlongterm.

SyntheticGas&CNRRao

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CNRRaosmethodcandothiswithoutneedingveryhightemperature

WhatisSyntheticgas?
Syntheticgas=Carbonmonoxide+hydrogengas.Andbecauseofthishydrogen,isfarsuperiorand
cleanfuel.
Syntheticgasismadefromcoalandwater.
WhataretheapplicationsofSyntheticgas?
Vehiclefuel.
Intermediateforcreatingsyntheticnaturalgas
Methanolandammoniaproduction.
WhatrethechallengesinSyntheticgasproduction?
First,Wevetosplitcarbonmonoxidefromcoal,andhydrogenfromwater.Thisprocedurerequires
veryhightemperature(~1440Celsius),henceveryexpensive.
ButBharatRatnarecipientDr.C.N.R.Raoisworkingonanewmethodtoproduceitat~900
Celcius,usingachemicalcompoundcalledLanthanumCalciumManganate.
Ifwereducethetemperaturerequirementfurther,wecanusesolarplantstoprovietheheatfor
synthesisofthisgas.

AgnisumukhLPGstove

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Designedby

Mrunal(GS3)Cleanenergy:FloatingSolarPlants,AgnisumukhLPG

IncomeTaxofficerHariRao

Manufacturedby Agnisumukh,aBengalurubasedcompany.
BenefitsofAgnisumukhLPGstove?
Whenswitchedon,stovesceramicburnerturnsorangered,&producesuniformheatlikecharcoal.
Hencetherearenoflames,noincompletecombustion.
Uniformheatingofutensil,sopropercookingoffood.Cooksfasterandsaves~50%gas,leavesno
sootorsmoke.
Itstemperaturecanbecontrolled,itcanbeturnedoffwithatimerlikeamicrowave.
Ifthereisgasleak,Itcansentalertviacall/sms.
Atpresentmeantforindustrialpurpose,domesticproductclearanceawaited.
Question:WhyLPGstovegoodbutLPGcarbad?
LPGproducedfromfossilfuels.Mixofvarioushydrocarbons,varyingcomposition,notsuitablefor
vehicleengines.
LPGheavierthanair,sosettlesdownwhenthereisaleakage.Hence,dangerousforvehicles.
So,betteruseCNG(compressednaturalgas)isusedinvehicles.

Directsaleofbiodieselbymanufacturers
2014:Railbudgetpermitted5%blendingofBiodieselwith(real)diesel.Butthiswouldbefruitless
IFrailwaycantgetbiodieselinlargequantityataffordableprice.
Before

AfterJan2015liberalization

OnlyfollowingentitiescouldsellBiodiesel
PSUoilcompanies

Modicabinetallowedfollowingentitiesto

Privatecompanieswithover2000crorerupeesinoil

sellbiodieseltoenduserssuchasRailways

infrastructure.
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Result:supplybottlenecks,forPSUoilcompanythe

Privatebiodieselmanufacturers

costofbiodieselproductionhigherthan(real)diesel

Jointventurecompanies

MRP.

Misc.Developments
GenECOcompanyplantconvertsfoodwasteandsewageintogas,throughanaerobic
BioBus
inUK

digestion(meanswithoutoxygen),similartodesigobargasplants.
Thisgasisfilledupinthebus.Buscancarry~40passengers,to~300kmusing1full
tankofgas.
Produceslessemissionthanconventiondieselengine,hencegoodforurbanairquality.
Insteadofusingnewbatteries,IBMscientistsusedoldlithiumionbatteriesfrom

Discarded discardedlaptopsaftertweakingthem.
Laptop SuccessfultestinginBangaloreslums.
batteries Everyyear,over50millionlaptopbatteriesdiscarded,and70%ofthemcanbeusedfor
runningLEDlights.

MockQuestions
Q1.CorrectStatementsaboutDinDayalGramJyotiYojana
ItisacomponentoftheRajivGandhiGrameenVidhyutikaranYojana
Itaimstoprovide247electricitytoruralhouseholdsby2016.
Itaimstosetupcombinedfeedersforagricultureandnonagriculturepurposeforcostefficient
operationsinruralareas.
Answerchoices
Only1and2
Only2and3
Only1and3
Noneofthem
Q2.Whataretheadvantagesoffloatingsolarplant?
Waterconservation
Preventeutrophication
Higherefficiencythangroundbasedsolarpanels.
Answerchoices
Only1and2
Only2and3
Only1and3
Noneofthem
Q3.Whyarewaterfloatingsolarpanelsconsideredmoreefficientthanlandbasedsolar
panels?
Theycantraplatentheatfromsurroundingwatertogenerateadditionalelectricity.
Theyperformathigherefficiencyunderthecooltemperatureduettosurroundingwater.
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BothAandB
NeitherAnorB
Q4.Sunlightisanexampleof
fluorescence
XRayemission
Incandescence
Noneofabove
Q5.Fluorescenttubelightscontain___gasat____pressure.
argon,high
argon,low
mercury,low
mercury,high
Q6.Inafluorescenttubelightwhenelectronicspassthroughthetube,thegasinsidethe
tubegenerates___.
Florescence
visiblelight
IRlight
UVlight
Q7.AnLEDbulbuses____toemitlightandworkson___current.
halogen,AC
halogen,DC
Semiconductors,AC
Semiconductors,DC
Q8.Considerfollowingstatements:
NobelChemistryprizefor2014wasgivenforinventionofBlueLED.
WithoutinventionofBlueLED,wecouldnevergetwhiteLEDbulbs.
BlueLEDsuseIndiaumGalliumNitridesemiconductor.
Answerchoices
Only1and2
Only2and3
Only1and3
Noneofthem
Q9.CorrectstatementsaboutSyntheticgas
Itcanbeusedinproductionofmethanol
ItcontainsartificiallysynthesizedMethaneandPropanegases.
BothAandB
NeitherAnorB
Q10whatarethespecialtiesofanAgnisumukhLPGstove?
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Itproducespurestformofblueflame,therebygivingmaximumheatoutputforgivenamountof
gas.
Itcanwarntheuserincaseofgasleakage.
BothAandB
NeitherAnorB
Q11.Findcorrectstatements
Iffilamentbulbwasfilledwithpureoxygeninsteadofargon,itsproductlifewillincrease.
Iffilamentbulbwasfilledwithchlorineinsteadofargon,itsproductlifewilldecrease.
BothAandB
NeitherAnorB
Q12.Inafluorescenttubelight,ifmercurygaswasreplacedwithneongas,andthewhite
coatingwasremoved,whatwillhappenwhenthelightisswitchedon?
Bluelight
Yellowlight
Redlight
Nothingwillhappen.
Q13.Inafluorescenttubelight,ifweremovethewhitecoatingandthenturnthelights
on,whatwillyouget?
Roombacteriawilldie
Yourskinwillgettannedcolorwithprolongedexposure.
BothAandB
NeitherAnorB
Q14.Findincorrectstatements
IndustriallicenseisrequiredtoproducebiodieselinIndia.
BiodieselcanbeobtainedfromSoyabean,Jatropha,MustardandPalmoil
Indianrailwaypermits10%blendingofbiodieselwithrealdiesel.
Answerchoices
Only1and2
Only2and3
Only1and3
Allofthem
(GS3)DiscussthesignificanceofDeendayalUpadhyayaGramJyotiYojanaandNationalProgramfor
LEDstreetlights&homelightsforenergyconservationinIndia.(200words)

ArticleprintedfromMrunal:http://mrunal.org
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yojananationalledprogram.html
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Copyright2014Mrunal.Allrightsreserved.

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