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The problems from the third run of MSTangs Weekly Math Tournament!
Problem I.1
Problem I.2
I.2. (6 points) How many pairs of positive integers m, n are there so that (1)
m, n 100, (2) m and n are both composite numbers, (3) mn/(m + 3) is a
prime number?
Problem I.3
2015
X
k=0
2015
.
k
II.1. (4 points) Given a square ABCD with side length 3, let point X lie on
diagonal AC. Points P and Q lie on sides BC and CD respectively, such that
AXP = AXQ = 120 . Suppose that segments AX, P X, and QX trisect
the area of the square (that is, the three regions formed by those segments have
Problem II.2
II.2. (8 points) Call a real number a realistic if, for all real numbers t, the
polynomial x3 + (a + t)x2 + (a t)x (2a + 1) has all real roots for x. The
m
largest possible realistic number a can be expressed as for relatively prime
n
positive integers m, n. Find m + n.
Problem II.3
II.3. (14 points) A particle starts at 0 on the number line. Each second, it
moves three units in the negative direction with probability 16 , one unit in the
negative direction with probability 21 , and three units in the positive direction
with probability 31 . After 100 seconds, let d be the distance between the particle
and the point 1. Compute the expected value of d2 .
Prob III.1
III.1. (3 points) Suppose that the quadratic x2 nx + 1729 has two roots, one
of which is the square of the other. Compute n, the greatest integer less than
or equal to n.
www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c90790
Contributors: MSTang, mssmath, DrMath, FlakeLCR
Prob III.2
III.2. (9 points) Let S be the set of all positive rational numbers r, so that
when r is written as a simplest-terms fraction a/b, we have b < 50. The sum of
all r S so that r(1 r) = x2 for some rational number x can be expressed in
the form m/n, for relatively prime positive integers m, n. Compute m + n.
Prob III.3
III.3. (14 points) Let H and O be the orthocenter and circumcenter of ABC,
respectively. Supoose that quadrilateral BHOC is cyclic. Let D be the point
closest to A on the circumcircle of quadrilateral BHOC that satisfies AD
OH. Furthermore, let the line through D parallel to AH intersect BC at E.
Given that AB = 10 and AC = 16, find DE 2 .
Problem IV.1
IV.1. (3 pts) The kingdom of MWMTown consists of ten cities arranged at the
vertices of a regular decagon, with roads between cities on adjacent vertices.
During a war, Nathan the evil wizard destroys three randomly chosen roads.
We say that a city was isolated if both roads connected to it were destroyed.
The probability that at least one city was isolated by Nathan the evil wizard is
m
n , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. Compute m + n.
Problem IV.2
201
5 ,
x
y
Problem IV.3
IV.3. (12 pts) Find the area of the set S of points (x, y) in the coordinate plane
that satisfy
jyk
1
x+
= 36.
x
2
Problem V.I
V.1. (5 pts) In triangle ABC, BAC = 120 , AB = 5, and AC = 12. Let point
D lie on segment BC so that AD bisects BAC. If AD = m/n for relatively
prime positive integers m, n, then find m + n.
Problem V.2
V.2. (8 pts) Let a and b be randomly and independently chosen integers between
1 and 9, inclusive. The probability that the function f (x) = sin(ax) + cos(bx)
has a maximum value of 2 is m/n, for relatively prime positive integers m and
n. Compute m + n.
www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c90790
Contributors: MSTang, mssmath, DrMath, FlakeLCR
Problem V.3
V.3. (11 pts) Let N be the number of positive integers n in decimal representation with at least two digits, so that no digit of n is zero, and every pair
of consecutive digits of n is in strictly increasing order (from left to right),
except for at most one pair (whose digits could be equal). Note in particular that all two-digit numbers with nonzero digits are possible values of n.
Compute the remainder when N is divided by 1000.
Brownie \#1
(V.V).1. (3 brownie pts) Notice that the point values for Week 5, (5, 8, 11),
form an arithmetic progression. Under the current rules for the tournament
(problems are 1-15 points; there are three problems, one 1-5 pointer, one 6-10
pointer, and one 11-15 pointer), how many possible point value triplets form
an arithmetic sequence?
(Proposed by MSTang.)
www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c90790
Contributors: MSTang, mssmath, DrMath, FlakeLCR