Manual # 5

Topic:
FOR Loops

Subject:
Introduction to Computing

Author:
Engr. Ali Faisal Murtaza

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Note: Please don’t read these manual just for reading purpose, read these manuals until it
make some sense.
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#include<iostream.h>

int main()
{
float g;

g=3/2;

cout<<g;

cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}

Output of this program would be 1 not 0.5, this is because of the reason that you declared
g as float and you are doing the division in integers like (3/2) so for right calculation one
of the digit should be float like 3.0/2 to make them float.

But, if you will use a float variable with integer variable and stores its information in
float variable, then it will work alright as in calculation one of the variable i.e. f is float.

#include<iostream.h>

int main()
{
int i;
float f,j;

i=7;
f=2;

j=f/i;

cout<<j;
cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}

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Similarly, you can see the behavior of program by changing the data types of variable
like see the output using this configuration int i,f; float j, & also int i,j & float f.
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This program will display the numbers from 1 to 10 using for loop.

#include<iostream.h>

int main()
{
int i;

for(i=0;i<=10;i++)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
}

cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}
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This program will display the numbers from 10 to 1 using for loop.

#include<iostream.h>

int main()
{
int i;

for(i=10;i>0;i--)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
}

cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}
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Write a program which will take the number from the user and then display the sequence
of number from 0 to the number entered by the user.

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#include<iostream.h>

int main()
{
int i,j;

cout<<"Enter the Number: ";

cin>>j;

for(i=0;i<=j;i++)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
}

cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}
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Extra Command: I am now introducing you with the command that you’ll not find in any
of your text book, it is basically used in professional programming, but I think that this
command is very helpful in understanding of these loops and other programs so it is
better if you get familiar with this command.

You have to include the header files: #include<stdlib.h>

And command is: system(“pause”);

Now it is clear from the name of the command it is used for the pause purpose. So, you
can pause your program at any time.
See the behavior of the following code with the use of this command.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h> //you have to include this header file for pause command.

int main()
{
int i;

for(i=0;i<=10;i++)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
system(“pause”); // At this stage I want to pause my program
}

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 cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}
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#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h> //you have to include this header file for pause command.

int main()
{
int i=0;

for(;i++<10;)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
system("pause"); // At this stage I want to pause my program
}

cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}
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#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h> //you have to include this header file for pause command.

int main()
{
int i=0;

for(;++i<10;)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
system("pause"); // At this stage I want to pause my program
}

cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}
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Write a program which will find the factorial of any Non-Negative Integer.
Formula of Factorial:

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 Factorial of ‘n’ be: n!= n x (n-1) x (n-2) x (n-3) x …….. x (n-(n-1))
= n x (n-1) x (n-2) x (n-3) x …….. x 1
Factorial of ‘7’ be: 7!= 7 x (7-1) x (7-2) x (7-3) x (7-4) x (7-5) x (7-6)
= 7x6x5x4x3x2x1
= 5040

Program:

#include <iostream.h>

int main()
{
int x,i,f;

f=1;

cout<<"Enter the Non-Negative No to find its Factorial: ";

cin>>x;

for(i=1;i<=x;i++)
{
f=f*i;
}

cout<<"The factorial of No: "<<x<<" = "<<f;

cout<<"\n\n";

return 0;
}
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Q1: Write a program that estimates the value of the mathematical constant e by using the
formula:
e = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + ……..
1! 2! 3! 4!
Prompt the user for the desired accuracy of e (i.e. the number of terms in the summation).
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Q2: Write a program that computes the value of e x (i.e. e^x) by using the formula:
e x = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + ……..
1! 2! 3!
Prompt the user for the desired accuracy of e (i.e. the number of terms in the summation).
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Q3: Write a program which will take any number consisting of more than one digit from
the user, and program tells that whether the number entered is palindrome or not.
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