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AboutIndianCivilService

AboutIndianCivilService
IntroducedbyLordCornwallis(GovernorGeneral178693),theCivilServicehasbeenoneofthe
mostpopularcareeroptionsincethetimeofBritishEmpireinIndia.Earlierknownasthe'Imperial
CivilService',itwaslatercalledasCivilServiceofIndia.
AfterindependencetheIndianAdministrativeService(IAS)replacedtheICSwhilethepre
independencestructureofallIndiaservices,provincialorstateservicesandcentralorUnion
governmentserviceswasretained.TheIndianPoliceService(IPS)wasdifferentlynomenclatured
fromtheearlierImperialPolice(IP).WhiletheIndianForeignService(IFS)wasestablishedbyIndian
GovermentontheeveofIndianindependence.
Thecivilservantsarethrustresponsibilityofmanagingtheeconomic,naturalandhumanresourcesof
thecountry.Theyconstituteofindividualsfromdifferentwalksoflifeanddifferenteducational&
socialbackgroundswhoimbibethequalitiesofintegrity,visionandcommitmenttothenation.The
variedbackgroundsofindividualscreatesaperfectamalgamationmirroringtheIndiansocialreality
givingitaholisticperspective.
ThemembersoftheCivilServiceformthebackboneoftheadministrationwiththeresponsibilityof
smoothandefficientfunctioningoftheexecutive.Thesecivilservantswhoareapartofthe
administrativeexecutiveperformtheprimaryroleofimplementingpoliciesanddirectionsgivenbythe
ministries.
TheselectionofcivilservantsforAllIndiaandCentralServicesiscarriedoutbytheUnionPublic
ServiceCommission(UPSC),whilethestatesalsoconducttheirrespectiveexaminationsthroughState
PublicServiceCommissionstoselecttheprovincialandstatecivilservices.Thethreestageexam
(Prelims,MainsandInterview)conductedbyUPSCtoselectthecivilservantsisveryrigorousand
requiresgrit,aboveaverageintelligenceandsinglemindeddevotionbytheaspirantstoqualify.The
examtestsfortheskills,broadbaseknowledgeaswellasthepersonalityoftheindividualtoseewhere
theystandwithrespecttotheexpectedqualitiesofacivilservant.Mostoftheotherstatecivilservices
examarebroadlybasedonthepatternofUPSC.
IndianAdministrativeService(IAS),IndianPoliceService(IPS)andIndianForestService(IFS)are
theonlythreeAllIndiaservicesofwhichthemembersofIASandIPSareselectedthroughtheCivil
ServicesexamwhileaseperateexamisconductedbyUPSCtoselectthecadreforIndianForest
Service.IndianForeignService(IFS),IndianRevenueService(IRS),IndianCivilAccounts,Indian
DefenceAccounts,IndianRailwayTrafficandotherservicesareofferedthroughtheCivilService
exam(foradetailedlistpleaseseehere)conductedbyUPSC.Furthertheservicesaredividedinto
Group'A'andGroup'B'inwhich'ArmedForcesHeadquartersCivilService','Delhi,Andaman&
NicobarIslands,Lakshadweep,Daman&DiuandDadra&NagarHaveliCivil&PoliceService'and
'PondicherryPoliceService'compriseGroup'B'whereasrestfallinGroup'A'.
Pleaseclickonthelinksbelowformoreinformationonsomeoftheservices.

IndianAdministrativeService(IAS)
TheIndianAdministrativeService(IAS)isthehighestcadreofthecivilservicesinIndiaandisthe
successortotheerstwhileIndianCivilService(ICS)oftheBritishRaj.DuringtheBritishperiodthis
bureaucraticstructurewasknownas'Steelframe'foritsroleininfluencingandimplementing
governmentpoliciesanddecisions.
IASofficersplayanimportantroleinmanagingthebureaucracyofboththeUnionandstate
governments,withitsofficersholdingkeypostsacrossthecountry.Thejobprofileinvolvesthe
formulationandimplementationofpoliciesforthesmoothworkingofthecountry.Atthedistrictlevel
theyareconcernedwithdistrictaffairs,includingdevelopmentfunctions,lawandorderandgeneral
administration.
ThecandidatesforIASareselectedthroughtheCivilserviceexamconductedbyUPSC.These
officersareappointedbythePresidentofIndiaandareallottedtostatecadres.About33%ofthe
selectedcandidatesareplacedintheirhomestateswhiletherestareallocatedtocadresoutsidetheir
stateaccordingtotherostersystem.Eachstateisdesignatedasonecadreexceptthethreecadres
whichincludemorethanonestate,namely:ManipurTripura,AssamMeghalayaandArunachal
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PradeshGoaMizoramUnionTerritories.
AnothersourceofentrytotheIASisthroughpromotionfromtheseniorranksoftheStateCivil
Service,frompostsofDeputyCollectorortheirequivalent.However,opportunitiesarelimitedand
generallyitrequiresabouttwentyyearsormoreofservice,implyingthattheseofficersenterIASat
theendoftheircareers.
TheCabinetSecretary,DefenceSecretary,FinanceSecretary,HomeSecretaryandvariousother
covetedpostsaretakenbytheseniormostIASofficers.Theyarealsoassignedtheresponsibilityof
ChairmanandDirectorsofvariouspublicsectorundertakingslikeGAIL,ONGC,BSNLetc.During
thenormalcourseofacareer,theyarepostedattheSubDivisionasSDMs,andDistrictasDMs,and
serveintheStateSecretariatorasHeadofDepartments.TheyalsomovefromStatetotheCenteron
deputationtovariousdepartmentsofGOI.
IASofficersjoinintheJuniorTimeScaleandafter4yearsofservicetheyarepromotedtotheSenior
TimeScalewhichisequivalenttoanUnderSecretaryofGovernmentofIndia(GOI),after9years
theyarepromotedtotheJuniorAdministrativeGradewhichisequaltoDeputySecretariestoGOI.
Aftercompleting13yearsofservice,theyaregrantedtheSelectionGradewhentheycanbeplacedas
DirectorsinGOI.TheranksafterthatareJointSecretary(GOI),AdditionalSecretary(GOI)and
Secretary(GOI)whichisthehighestrank.
TheIASofficersareplacedunderthesupervisionoftheMinistryofHomeAffairs,Governmentof
Indiabutallocatedtodifferentstatecadres.AlthoughtherespectiveStateGovernmentshavecontrol
overthembuttheycannottakedisciplinaryactionagainstIASandotherAllIndiaServicesofficers
withoutconsultingtheUnionGovernmentandtheUPSC.Thisindependencehassometimesbeen
consideredahindranceinbringingordertoofficersagainsttheirmisdemeanors.

IndianForeignService(IFS)
TheIndianForeignServicewasestablishedinSeptember1946,forrepresentationofIndia's
diplomatic,consularandcommercialinterestsoverseas.Withindependence,therewasanearcomplete
transitionoftheForeignandPoliticalDepartmentintowhatthenbecamethenewMinistryofExternal
AffairsandCommonwealthRelationswhichbecamethecadrecontrollingauthorityforIFS.Thefirst
batchofIFSofficersofindependentIndiagraduatedin1948.
TheIndianForeignService(IFS)dealswiththemattersofexternalaffairsofthecountry,which
includesdiplomacy,tradeandculturalrelationswithothernations.IFSofficersareresponsiblefor
administrationandactivitiesofIndianmissionsabroadaswellasframingandimplementationof
policies,whichgovernourrelationswithothercountries.
Asadiplomat,theForeignServiceOfficerisrequiredtoprojectIndiasinterests,bothathomeand
abroadonawidevarietyofissues.Theseincludebilateralpoliticalandeconomiccooperation,trade
andinvestmentpromotion,culturalinteraction,pressandmedialiaisonaswellasawholehostof
multilateralissues.
InsummarytheimportantfunctionsoftheIFSinclude
RepresentingIndiainitsEmbassies,HighCommissions,Consulates,andPermanentMissionsto
multilateralorganisationslikeUN
ProtectingIndiasnationalinterestsinthecountryofhis/herposting
Promotingfriendlyrelationswiththereceivingstateasalsoitspeople,includingNRI/PIOs
Reportingaccuratelyondevelopmentsinthecountryofpostingwhicharelikelytoinfluencethe
formulationofIndiaspolicies
Negotiatingagreementsonvariousissueswiththeauthoritiesofthereceivingstateand
ExtendingconsularfacilitiestoforeignersandIndiannationalsabroad.
Athome,MinistryofExternalAffairsisresponsibleforallaspectsofexternalrelations.Territorial
divisionsdealwithbilateralpoliticalandeconomicworkwhilefunctionaldivisionslookafterpolicy
planning,multilateralorganizations,regionalgroupings,legalmatters,disarmament,protocol,
consular,IndianDiaspora,pressandpublicity,administrationandotheraspects.
TheselectionofcandidatestoIFSisdonethroughtheCivilServicesExamconductedbyUPSC.Most
aspirantsconsidertheIASandIFSastheirfirstchoices,andsinceeachyearthereareonlyaround10
15vacanciesforIFS,theservicesgetsthehighestrankingelitecandidates.Theserviceoffersits
cadrestoservethenationbyshapingtheIndianimageintheglobalscenario.Apartfromthe
satisfactionandprideofservingthecountryitalsooffersattractivesalaries,perksandotherbenefitsto
itsofficers.
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AfterrecruitmenttoIFS,theprobationersspendthreemonthsattendingacommonfoundationcourse
withallotherselectedcandidatesofthecivilservicesforthatyearattheLalBahadurShastriNational
AcademyofAdministration,Mussourie.TheIFSprobationersthenmovetoForeignServiceInstitute,
NewDelhiforayear.Theprogramincludeslectures,workshopsandvisitstomanypartneragencies,
includingformationsofthearmy,navyandairforce.Italsocallsforaboutfivemonthsoftravelto
differentlocationsinthecountrytogetafeelofthesocioeconomicscenario,aswellastwoseparate
tourstoneighboringcountries.Theentiretrainingprogramisforaperiodof36months.Atthe
conclusionofthetrainingprogramtheofficerisassignedacompulsoryforeignlanguage(CFL)which
formsthebasisoftheirfirstpostingabroadwheretheCFListhenativelanguage.
AForeignServiceOfficerbeginshiscareerabroadintheembassyasaThirdSecretaryandis
promotedtoSecondSecretaryassoonasheisconfirmedinservice.Subsequentpromotionsaretothe
levelsofFirstSecretary,Counsellor,MinisterandAmbassador/HighCommissioner/Permanent
Representative.OfficerscanalsobepostedtoIndianConsulatesabroadwherethehierarchy(going
upwards)isViceConsul,ConsulandConsulGeneral.ThehierarchyattheMinistryofExternal
Affairsincludes6stages:UnderSecretary,DeputySecretary,Director,JointSecretary,Additional
SecretaryandSecretary.

IndianPoliceService(IPS)
TheIndianPoliceServicecameintoexistenceinthenineteenthcenturyandstillthePoliceActof
1861formsthebasisoftheIndianPolice.Itwasintheyear1948thatIndianPoliceService(IPS)was
formedafterreplacingtheerstwhileImperialPolice(IP)oftheBritishEmpire.
Theserviceinvolvesthechallengingtaskofmaintainingpublicorder,safetyandsecurityalongwith
dealingwiththenewthreatsof20thcentury,primarilyincludingterrorism,naxalviolenceandother
threatstointernalsecuritythathaveemergedasmenacingissuesfortheIndianGovernmentandits
people.Thejobrequiresthepersonneltobementallyalert,physicallyfitandreadyforunforeseen
challenges.ApartfromthetraditionaljobofmaintainingLaw&Order,theworkprofilealsoincludes
thetaskofformulatingstrategiesandprogrammesforpublicwelfare,removalofpublicgrievances
w.r.tpoliceinaction,intelligencegatheringandtakingotherpreventivestepstomaintainsocialorder.It
istheirdutytoleadandcommandtheforceswithcourage,uprightness,dedicationandastrongsense
ofservicetothepeople.
BroadlythefunctionsofIPSOfficersarerelatedtodutiespertainingtomaintenanceofpublicpeace
andorder,crimeprevention,investigation,anddetection,intelligencecollection,counterterrorist
operations,VIPsecurity,borderandrailwaypolicing,preventionofsmuggling&drugtrafficking,
dealingwitheconomicoffencesandcorruptioninpubliclifealongwithdisastermanagement,
enforcementofsocioeconomiclegislation,biodiversityandprotectionofenvironmentallawsetc.
Theyalsohavetheresponsibilityofleadingandcommandingthecivilandarmedpoliceforcesinall
thestatesandunionterritoriesaswellCentralPoliceOrganizationslikeIB,CBIaswellas
paramilitaryforcesincludingBSF,CRPF,ITBP,CISF,NSG,andotherorganizationslikeVigilance
andBureauofPoliceResearch&Development(BPR&D).Theyalsoserveatmanagerialandpolicy
positionsintheMinistriesandDepartmentsofCentralandStategovernmentsandpublicsector
undertakingsbothatcentreandstates,aswellasincollectingexternalintelligenceforthecountry
throughResearchandAnalysiswing(RAW).
ThecandidatesforIPSareselectedthroughtheCivilserviceexamconductedbyUPSC.Theseofficers
areappointedbythePresidentofIndiaandareallottedtostatecadres.About33%oftheselected
candidatesareplacedintheirhomestateswhiletherestareallocatedtocadresoutsidetheirstate
accordingtotherostersystem.Eachstateisdesignatedasonecadreexceptthethreecadreswhich
includemorethanonestate,namely:ManipurTripura,AssamMeghalayaandArunachalPradesh
GoaMizoramUnionTerritories.
AnothersourceofentrytotheIPSisthroughpromotionfromtheseniorranksoftheStateCivil
Service,frompostsofSuperintendentofPolice(SP)ortheirequivalent.However,opportunitiesare
limitedandgenerallyitrequiresabouttwentyyearsormoreofservice,implyingthattheseofficers
enterIPSattheendoftheircareers.
OncompletionofprobationanIPSofficer,beginshis/hercareerasanAssistantSuperintendentof
Police(ASP)orequivalentatasubdivision,withsubsequentpromotionstoSuperintendentofPolice
(SP),SeniorSuperintendentofPolice(SSP),DeputyInspectorGeneral(DIG),InspectorGeneral(IG),
AdditionalDirectorGeneral(ADG)tofinallythetopmostDirectorGeneralofPolice(DGP)who
headthestateandcentralpoliceorganizations.
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SinceIPSisamongthethreeAllIndiaservices,MinistryofHomeAffairs(GovernmentofIndia)is
thecadrecontrollingauthority.AlthoughtherespectiveStateGovernmentshavecontroloverthembut
theycannottakedisciplinaryactionagainstIASandotherAllIndiaServicesofficerswithout
consultingtheUnionGovernmentandtheUPSC.Thisindependencehassometimesbeenconsidereda
hindranceinbringingordertoofficersagainsttheirmisdemeanors.

IndianRevenueService(IRS)
TheIndianRevenueServiceisoneoftheGroupACivilServicesinIndia.Establishedin1946,itis
concernedwiththeestimation,collection,administrationandpolicyformulationw.r.tdirectand
indirecttaxes.IRSofficersarebasicallythetaxadministratorsoftheUnionofIndia.Theservicealso
hasspecializeddivisionsfordealingwithinvestigationoftaxevasionandothermalpractices
concerningrevenuecollection.
TheIRScomprisesoftwoservices,namelyIRSCustomsandCentralExcise(C&CE)andIRS
IncomeTax(IT).SelectiontotheservicesiscarriedbytheCivilServiceexaminationconductedby
UPSC.BoththesecadresarecontrolledbytheDepartmentofRevenue,MinistryofFinance.Unlike
theIASandIPS,theIRSofficersarenotallocatedtoastatecadre,butarerathercentrallymanaged
andcanbepostedanywhereinthecountrywithanaveragetenureofaboutthreeyears.
ThetrainingofthecandidatestakesplaceinLalBahadurShastriNationalAcademyofAdministration,
Mussoorieforthreemonths,followedby15monthstrainingforofficersofIRSCustomsandCentral
Excise(C&CE)atNationalInstituteofFinancialManagement,FaridabadandforofficersofIRS
IncomeTax(IT)atNationalAcademyofDirectTaxes,Nagpur.Thisisfollowedbyonthejobtraining
atanAssistantCommissionersofficeforsometime.
TheIRSofficersstarttheircareerfromthepositionofAssistantCommissionerinthejuniortimescale.
SubsequentpromotionsincludeDeputyCommissioner(SeniorTimeScale),JointCommissioner,
AdditionalCommissioner,CommissionerandfinallyChiefCommissionerorDirectorGeneral,while
somefortunateonesreachthepositionofMemberorChairpersonCentralBoardofDirectTaxes
(CBDT)orCentralBoardofExciseandCustoms(CBEC).Theyarealsosentondeputationtothe
VigilanceDepartment,EnforcementDirectorate,SEBI,DirectorateofRevenueIntelligence,Narcotics
ControlBureau,etc.apartfromheadingvariouscellsintheMinistryofFinance.
SomecandidatesprefertheIRSaboveotherpremierservicesduetorelativelylowpolitical
interference,greaterleisuretime,stabletenures,andpostingstobigcities.Alsowithchangingtimes,
moreandmoreIRSofficersareservingindepartmentsandareaswhichusedtoexclusivelyforIAS
officers.OneofthepreviousChiefElectionCommissionersofIndiawasanIRSofficer,whiletheyare
alsobeingselectedasmembersofUnionPublicServiceCommission(UPSC).Thiswideningof
opportunitiesandexposurehasmadetheIRSmoreattractive.
Thefeelingofcontributingtothedevelopmentofthenationalongwithunparalleledperksandpower
makeitaverylucrativecareer.Witheconomicliberalizationandincreasingprivateparticipation,the
IRSofficersassumeanevenmoreimportantrole.RecentlyEconomicTimesreportedawidedemand
ofIRSofficersintheprivatesectorconsideringtheirwiderangeofexperienceinmanningvarious
fiscalandmonetarypolicycentersandfieldformations.

IndianAuditandAccountsService(IA&AS)
SuchistheimportanceofAuditthatscholarscallitasthefourthpillarofdemocracy,afterParliament,
JudiciaryandPress.TheIndianAuditandAccountsService(IA&AS)isthegovernment'sfinancial
watchdog,andplaysacriticalroleinscrutinizingthespendingbyGovernmentanditsalliedbodies.
TheIndianAuditandAccountsDepartmentwasformedin1860whenGovernmentAccountingand
AuditingFunctionswereplacedundertheAuditorGeneralofIndia.Whilethecentralserviceof
IndianAuditandAccountsService(IA&AS)wasformulatedin1922andsinceindependencethe
servicehasbeenworkingundertheComptrollerandAuditorGeneral(CAG)ofIndia,freeofcontrol
fromanyexecutiveauthority.
TheofficersofIA&ASformtheexecutivemanagementleveloftheIndianAuditandAccounts
DepartmentwhoareresponsibleforauditingtheaccountsoftheUnionGovernment,State
Governments,PublicSectorUnits,autonomousbodiesandotherorganizationsthatarefundedbythe
UnionorStateGovernments.Otherdutiesincludedealingwithmattersofinternalaudit,financial
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control,interpretationoftheGovernment'sfinancialregulationsandrenderingoffinancialadvice.
TheyarealsopostedondeputationasSecretariestoGovernmentofIndiaandtoStateGovernments
forfunctioningasFinancialAdvisers,ChiefAccountsOfficers,andChiefInternalAuditOfficersand
soon.
Todischargetheirdutyeffectively,theyrequireunderstandingoftaxandrevenuelaws,industry
specificknowledge,abilitytoassessfinancialhealthofcommercialcorporationsetc.Apartfromthe
professionalskillstheofficersrequiretheadministrativecompetencetomanageahugeworkforceof
Audit&AccountsDepartment.Alltheseskillsareinculcatedintotheyoungprobationersduringtheir
twoyeartrainingperiod.
TheIndianAudit&AccountsServicearedeployedinofficesspreadthroughoutthecountrybesides
twooverseasofficeslocatedatLondonandWashington.Theofficersalsogoabroadtoaudit
EmbassiesandHighCommissionsofIndia.However,IA&ASofficersaresecondedtoMiddleEast
(Oman,UAE)andAfricancountries(Botswana)toserveinauditdepartmentsasspecialists.Some
officersarealsodeputedtoUnitedNationsanditsalliedagenciesforashortterm.
SelectiontotheservicesisthroughtheCivilServiceexaminationconductedbyUnionPublicService
Commission(UPSC).AfteraninitialtrainingatLalBahadurShastriNationalAcademyof
Administration,Mussoorie,thecadreissenttoNationalAcademyofAuditandAccounts,Shimla.
Probationersarealsogiven16weeksfieldtraininginAuditorGeneralsoffice.
Duringthecourseoftheirprobation,directrecruitsbegintheirfirstpostingasAssistantAccountant
General.TheyaresubsequentlypromotedtothepostofDeputyAccountantGeneral,SeniorDeputy
AccountantGeneral,AccountantGeneral,DirectorofAudits,AdditionalControllerandAuditor
General(CAG),Dy.CAGandcanevenbeselectedforthecovetedpostofControllerandAuditor
GeneralofIndiawhoisatparwithChiefJustice(s).

IndianPost&TelecommunicationAccounts
andFinanceService(IP&TAFS)
IndianPosts&TelecommunicationsAccountsandFinanceService(IP&TAFS)isaGroupACivil
ServiceinIndiawhichwasfoundedin1974withtheaimofmanagementofthefinancesof
DepartmentofTelecomandtheDepartmentofPost.ThefirstbatchofofficersofIP&TAFSwas
recruitedin1974.
TheofficersofIP&AFSareworkinginDepartmentofTelecom,DepartmentofPosts,BSNL,MTNL
andvariousotherMinistriesandStatutorybodiesofGovernmentofIndia.Variousofficersalsowork
ondeputationtoMinistryofFinance,UPSC,CabinetSecretariatandinotherCentralandState
GovernmentDepartments.
ThefunctionoftheofficerscanbebroadlyclassifiedintothetwoareasofPostand
Telecommunication:
a)IntheDepartmentofTelecommunicationtheworkprofileinvolvescollectionofLicensefeesand
SpectrumChargesfromBSNL,settlementofcasesofpensionofBSNLemployeesandmaintaining
GeneralProvidentFund(GPF)accountsofBSNLemployees,MTNLandotherserviceprovidersand
forcheckinganddistributingclaimsreceivedundertheUniversalServiceObligationfund.Theyalso
assistintheadministrationofUniversalServiceObligationFundundertheMinistryof
Communications&ITforprovidingtelecomserviceintherural/remoteareasofthecountryinvolving
(a)planning&forecasting(b)tendering(c)costing(d)disbursementofsupporttoserviceproviders
and(e)monitoring.TheyarepostedatDOTHeadquartersasAdviser,SrDDG,DDG,Directors&
ADG.InfieldunitstheofficersarepostedasController/JointControllerofCommunication.
b)IntheDepartmentofPost,theofficersfromthisserviceholdtheofficesofDDG/GM,Director,
ADGofPostalAccountslocatedatDOPHeadquartersandinallIndianstates.Theirworkmainly
comprisesofmainlymaintainingGeneralProvidentFundaccountsofthestaffemployedina
particularpostalcircle,settlementofpensioncases,checkingofmoneyorderdeliveriesandNSC's,
budgetingandfinancialcontrolandrenderingfinancialadvicetotheconcernedHeadoftheCircle.
TheselectionofcandidatestoIP&TAFSisdonethroughtheCivilServicesExamconductedbyUPSC.
Afterrecruitmenttheofficersundergoafoundationcoursewithotherselectedcandidatesoftheother
servicesviatheCivilServicesExamattheLalBahadurShastriNationalAcademyofAdministration,
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Musorie.ThisisfollowedbyrigorousprofessionaltrainingforayearatNationalInstituteofFinancial
Management,FaridabadfollowedbyspecializedtrainingatMinistryofFinance,GovernmentofIndia
(GOI).Forindepthtrainingintelecomtechnologiesandpostalprocedurestheofficersaresentto
BSNL'sAdvanceLevelTelecomTrainingCentreatGhaziabadfortenmonths.Aftersuccessful
completionoftrainingtheofficersarepostedtoworkintheDepartmentofTelecommunicationsor
DepartmentofPostasAssistantChiefAccountsOfficersintheJuniorTimeScaleGrade.
IndianPost&TelecommunicationAccountsandFinanceisacentralservicewithMemberFinance,
TelecomCommissionofIndiabeingitscadrecontrollingauthority.Beingacentralservice,theofficers
areliabletobetransferredandpostedanywhereinIndia.Officersfromthisservicearealsopresently
occupyingthepostsofDirector(Finance)ontheBoardofDirectorsofprestigiousPublicSectorUnits
(PSUs)viz.,MTNL,BSNL,NPCILandITI.

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