Problem 11-02

The joists of a floor in a warehouse are to be selected using square timber beams made of oak. If each
beam is to be designed to carry 1.5 kN/m over a simply supported span of 7.5 m, determine the
dimension a of its square cross section to the nearest multiples of 5mm. The allowable bending stress
is allow = 32 MPa and the allowable shear stress is allow = 0.875 MPa.
allow := 32MPa

Given:

L := 7.5m

allow := 0.875MPa

w := 1.5

Solution:

kN
m

Support Reactions : By symmetry, RL=RR=R

F y=0;

2R w L = 0

R := 0.5w L

Maximum Moment and Shear:

Vmax := R
Vmax = 5.63 kN
Mmax := R ( 0.5L) w ( 0.5L) ( 0.25L )

Mmax = 10.55 kN m

a
I=
12

Section Property :
Bending Stress:
max =

M cmax
I

Qmax = ( 0.5a a) 0.25 a

cmax = 0.5a
12Mmax ( 0.5a)
allow =
4
a

a :=

6Mmax
allow

a = 125.52 mm

(Use 130mm)

Ans

Shear Stress :
max :=

a
I :=
12

Qmax := ( 0.5a a) 0.25 a

Vmax Qmax
I a

max = 0.536 MPa

< allow =0.875 MPa

V( x )

V ( x) := ( R w x)

1
kN

M ( x) := [ R x w x ( 0.5x) ]

Moment (kN-m)

Shear (kN)

x := 0 , 0.01 L .. L

(O.K.!)

10
M( x)

0
x

Distance (m)

1
kN m

4
x

Distance m)

Problem 11-12
Determine the minimum width of the beam to the nearest multiples of 5mm that will safely support the
loading of P = 40 kN. The allowable bending stress is allow = 168 MPa, and the allowable shear stress
is allow = 105 MPa.
Given:

allow := 168MPa

L1 := 2m

allow := 105MPa

L2 := 2m

P := 40kN

h := 150mm

L := L1 + L2
Support Reactions : Given

Solution:

Fy=0;

A+BP= 0

(1)

B=0;

A L 1 P L = 0

(2)

Guess A := 1kN

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2):

A
:= Find ( A , B)

B := 1kN

A 80
=
kN

B 40

Maximum Moment and Shear:

Vmax := P
Mmax := P L1

Vmax = 40 kN
Mmax = 80 kN m
3

b h
I=
12
I
Sx =
0.5h

Section Property :

Sx =

b h
6

Qmax = ( 0.5h b) 0.25 h

Bending Stress:
Sreq'd =

Assume bending controls the design.

2
Mmax
b h
=
6
allow

Mmax
allow

b :=

6Mmax

(h2)allow

b = 126.98 mm

(Use 130mm)

Check Shear :

max :=

I :=

b h
12

Vmax Qmax
I b

Qmax := ( 0.5h b) 0.25 h

max = 3.150 MPa
< allow =105 MPa

(O.K.!)

Ans

x1 := 0 , 0.01 L1 .. L1
1
V1 x1 := ( P)
kN

x2 := L 1 , 1.01 L 1 .. L

( )

( ) (

( )

1
V2 x2 := ( P + A)
kN

1
M1 x1 := P x1
kN m

( )

1
M2 x2 := P x2 + A x2 L 1

kN m

( )
V2 ( x 2 )

Moment (kN-m)

Shear (kN)

50

V1 x 1

50

2
x1 , x2

Distance (m)

( )
M2(x2)
M1 x1

50

100

2
x1 , x2

Distane (m)

Problem 11-21
The steel beam has an allowable bending stress allow = 140 MPa and an allowable shear stress of
allow = 90 MPa. Determine the maximum load that can safely be supported.
Given: allow := 140MPa
allow := 90MPa
bf := 120mm
tw := 20mm

df := 20mm
dw := 150mm

L := 2a

Solution:

h := df + dw

Section Property :

yi Ai
yc =
( Ai)

yc :=
I :=

a := 2m

(bf df) (0.5df) + (tw dw) (0.5dw + df)

(bf df) + (tw dw)

yc = 57.22 mm

1
3
2 1
3
2
bf df + bf df 0.5df yc + tw dw + tw dw 0.5dw + df yc
12
12

)(

)(

I = 15338333.33 mm

Qmax := h yc tw 0.5 h yc

Qmax = 127188.27 mm

Support Reactions : By symmetry, RR= - P

Fy=0;

Rc P P = 0

Maximum Load:
Mmax = P a
allow =

Rc = 2P

Assume failure due to bending moment.

cmax := h yc

Mmax cmax
I

allow =

P a h yc
I

P :=

P = 9.52 kN
Check Shear :
max :=

Vmax := P

Vmax Qmax
I tw

Rc := 2P
max = 3.947 MPa
< allow =90 MPa

)
)

I allow
a h yc

(O.K.!)

Ans

x1 := 0 , 0.01 a .. a
1
V1 x1 := ( P)
kN

x2 := a , 1.01 a .. L

( )

( ) (

( ) (

1
V2 x2 := P + Rc
kN

1
M1 x1 := P x1
kN m

( )

1
M2 x2 := P x2 + Rc x2 a

kN m

( )
V2 ( x 2 )

Moment (kN-m)

Shear (kN)

10
V1 x 1

10
0

2
x1 , x2

Distance (m)

( )
M2(x2)

M 1 x 1 10

20
0

2
x1 , x2

Distane (m)

Problem 11-39
Solve Prob. 11-38 using the maximum-distortion-energy theory of failure with allow = 180 MPa.
Given: a := 300mm

r := 50mm

PB := 5kN
Solution:

allow := 180MPa

PC := 5kN

L := 3a

Support Reactions :
In x-z plane : +

F z=0;

Az + DZ PB = 0

(1)

D=0; Az ( 3a) PB ( 2a) = 0 (2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2):
2
Az := PB
3

Az = 3.3333 kN

Dz := PB Az

Dz = 1.6667 kN

In x-y plane : F y=0;

(Ay + Dy) PC = 0

(3)

D=0; PC a + Ay ( 3a) = 0

(4)

Solving Eqs. (3) and (4):

1
Ay := PC
3

Ay = 1.6667 kN

Dy := PC Ay

Dy = 3.3333 kN

Torsion occurs in segment BC :

Critical Section :

( )

T BC := PB r

T BC = 0.250 kN m

Located just to the left of gear C and just to the right of gear B, where

My := Dz a

Mz := Dy a

M :=

My + Mz

T := T BC

T = 0.250 kN m

Maximum Distortion Energy Theory : Applying Eq. 9-5:

(
)
2 = 0.5 ( x' + y')
1 = 0.5 x' + y' +

where

0.5( x' + y') + x'y'

2

x' =

M c
M c
4M c
=
=
4
I
4
c
c
4

x'y' =

0.5 ( x' + y') + x'y'

y' := 0

T c
T c
2T c
=
=
4
J
4
c
c
2

M = 1.118 kN m

Let

a' = 0.5 x'

and b' =

Then 1 = ( a' + b')

(0.5x')2 + x'y'2
2

2 = ( a 'b')

1 2 = ( a' + b') ( a' b') = a' b'

2

1 1 2 + 2 = ( a' + b') a' b'

) + ( a' b') 2 = a'2 + 3b'2

Hence 1 1 2 + 2 = allow

(0.5x') + 3 (0.5x')2 + x'y'2 = allow2

2

x' + 3 x'y' = allow

2

2
4M c + 3 2T c =
allow
4
4
c
c
6

c :=

16M + 12T
2

allow

do := 2c

c = 20.05 mm

do = 40.09 mm

Use

do = 41mm

Ans

x1 := 0 , 0.01 a .. a

x2 := a , 1.01 a .. 2a

Az x1
My1 x1 :=
kN m

1
My2 x2 := Az x2 PB x2 a
kN m

( )

( )

x3 := 2a , 1.01 ( 2a) .. 3a

( )

( )

( )

( )

0.2

0.4

Moment (kN-m)

1
My3 x3 := Az x3 PB x3 a
kN m

( )1
M y2( x 2 )
0.5
M y3( x 3 )
M y1 x 1

0.6

0.8

x1 , x2 , x3

Distance (m)

( )

Mz1 x1 :=

( )

Ay x1
kN m

( )

Mz2 x2 :=

( )

Ay x2
kN m

( )

( )

Moment (kN-m)

( )
M z2( x 2 )
M z3( x 3 )
M z1 x 1

0.5

1
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

x1 , x2 , x3

Distance (m)
r PB
Mx2 x2 :=
kN m

( )

( )

Moment (kN-m)

Mx1 x1 := 0

( )
M x2( x 2 )
M x3( x 3 )
M x1 x 1

( )

Mx3 x3 := 0

0.5

0.2

1
Mz3 x3 := Ay x3 + PC x3 2a
kN m

0.4
x1 , x2 , x3

Distance (m)

0.6

0.8

Problem 11-42
The pulleys attached to the shaft are loaded as shown. If the bearings at A and B exert only horizontal
and vertical forces on the shaft, determine the required diameter of the shaft to the nearest mm. using
the maximum-shear-stress theory of failure. allow = 84 MPa.
Given: P1 := 1250N
L 1 := 0.3m

P2 := 750N

r := 150mm

L 2 := 1.5m

L 3 := 0.6m

allow := 84MPa
L := L 1 + L 2 + L 3
Ps := P1 + P2

Solution:
Support Reactions :
In y-z plane :

F z=0;

Az + BZ P1 P2 = 0

(1)

)(

B=0; Az L P1 + P2 L 2 + L 3 = 0 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2):

)(

1
Az :=
P + P2 L 2 + L 3
L 1

Az = 1750 N

Bz := P1 + P2 Az

Bz = 250 N

In x-y plane : F x=0;

Ax + Bx P1 P2 = 0

(3)

)( )

B=0; Ax L P1 + P2 L3 = 0

(4)

Solving Eqs. (3) and (4):

)( )

1
Ax :=
P + P2 L 3
L 1

Ax = 500 N

Bx := P1 + P2 Ax

Bx = 1500 N

Torsion occurs in segment DC : T := P1 P2 r

Critical Section :

T = 75 N m

Located just to the left of point C.

Mx := Bx L3

Mz := Bz L3

M :=

Mx + Mz

M = 912.41 N m

Maximum Shear Stress Theory :

3

c :=

2
allow

M +T

do := 2c

c = 19.07 mm
do = 38.15 mm

Use

do = 39mm

Ans

y1 := 0 , 0.01 L 1 .. L 1

( ) (

y2 := L1 , 1.01 L1 .. L1 + L2

1
Mz1 y1 := Az y1
N m

( )

y3 := L 1 + L 2 , 1.01 L 1 + L 2 .. L

1
Mz2 y2 := Az y2 Ps y2 L 1
N m

( )

1
Mz3 y3 := Az y3 Ps y3 L 1
N m

( )500
M z2( y 2 )
M z3( y 3 )

Mz (N-m)

M z1 y 1

y1 , y2 , y3

Distance (m)
Ax y1
Mx1 y1 :=
N m

Ax y2
Mx2 y2 :=
N m

Mx (N-m)

( )

( )

( )

( )1000
M x2( y 2 )
500
M x3( y 3 )
M x1 y 1

y1 , y2 , y3

Distance (m)

( )

( )

( )

T
My2 y2 :=
N m

My1 y1 := 0

My3 y3 := 0

My (N-m)

100

( )
M y2( y 2 ) 50
M y3( y 3 )
M y1 y 1

0
0

1
Mx3 y3 := Ax y3 Ps y3 L 1 L 2
N m

1
y1 , y2 , y3

Distance (m)

Problem 11-45
The shaft is supported on journal bearings that do not offer resistance to axial load. If the allowable
shear stress for the shaft is allow = 35 MPa, determine to the nearest millimeter the smallest diameter of
the shaft that will support the loading. Use the maximum-shear-stress theory of failure.
Given: La := 250mm
rD := 150mm

Lb := 500mm

allow := 35MPa

rC := 100mm

:= 30deg

PD := 0.20kN

PC := 0.35kN

PD := 0.10kN PC := 0.15kN
L := La + L b + L a
Support Reactions :

Solution:

Az + BZ PC sin ( ) PD sin ( ) = 0

Fz=0;

In y-z plane : +

(1)

A=0; Bz ( L) PC sin ( ) L L a PD sin ( ) La = 0

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2):
La
L La
Bz := PC
+ PD
sin ( )
Bz = 0.15625 kN
L
L

Az := PC + PD sin ( ) Bz

Az = 0.11875 kN

Ax + Bx PC cos ( ) + PD cos ( ) = 0

In x-y plane : Fx=0;

(3)

A=0; PC cos ( ) L L a PD cos ( ) L a Bx L = 0

Solving Eqs. (3) and (4):
La
L La
Bx := PC
PD
cos ( )
L
L

Ax := PC PD cos ( ) Bx

(4)

Bx = 0.18403 kN
Ax = 0.05413 kN

Torsion occurs in segment CD : TCD := PC rC

Critical Section :

(2)

TCD = 0.015 kN m

Located just to the left of gear C, where.

Mx := Bz La

Mz := Bx La

M :=

Mx + Mz

T := TCD

M = 0.060354 kN m
T = 0.015 kN m

Maximum Shear Stress Theory :

3

c :=

2
allow

M +T

do := 2c

c = 10.42 mm
do = 20.84 mm

Use

do = 21mm

Ans

y1 := 0 , 0.01 La .. L a
Az y1
Mx1 y1 :=
kN m

( )

( )

y2 := L a , 1.01 La .. La + L b

( )

y3 := La + L b , 1.01 L a + Lb .. L

1
Mx2 y2 := Az y2 PD sin ( ) y2 La
kN m

( )

Moment (kN-m)

1
Mx3 y3 := Az y3 PD sin ( ) y3 La PC sin ( ) y3 L a Lb
kN m

( )
M x2( y 2 )
0.02
M x3( y 3 )
M x1 y 1 0.04

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

y1 , y2 , y3

Distance (m)

( )

Ax y1
Mz1 y1 :=
kN m

( )

( )

1
Mz2 y2 := Ax y2 + PD cos ( ) y2 L a
kN m

( )

Moment (kN-m)

1
Mz3 y3 := Ax y3 + PD cos ( ) y3 L a PC cos ( ) y3 L a Lb
kN m

( )
M z2( y 2 )
M z3( y 3 )

0.05

M z1 y 1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

y1 , y2 , y3

Distance (m)

( )

( )

Moment (kN-m)

( )
M y2( y 2 )
M y3( y 3 )

( )

T
My2 y2 :=
kN m

My1 y1 := 0

My3 y3 := 0

M y1 y 1 0.02

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

y1 , y2 , y3

Distance (m)

0.8

Problem 12-03
Determine the equation of the elastic curve for the beam using the x coordinate that is valid for
0 x < L / 2Specify the slope at A and the beam's maximum deflection. EI is constant.

Problem 12-16
A torque wrench is used to tighten the nut on a bolt. If the dial indicates that a torque of 90 Nm is
applied when the bolt is fully tightened, determine the force P acting at the handle and the distance s the
needle moves along the scale. Assume only the portion AB of the beam distorts. The cross section is
square having dimensions of 12 mm by 12 mm. E = 200 GPa.
Given: b := 12mm

h := 12mm

L := 0.45m

E := 200GPa := 75mm

R := 0.3m

T z := 90N m
Solution:
Equations of Equilibrium :
+ F =0; A P = 0
y
y
B=0; T z P L = 0

(2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2):

P :=

Moment Function :

(1)
Tz

Ay := P

Ay = 200 N
P = 200 N

Ans

M ( x) = Ay x Tz
3

b h
I :=
12
Slope and Elastic Curve :

Section Property :

E I

d v
2

= M ( x)

dx
2

E I

d v
2

= Ay x T z

dx

Ay x
dv
E I
=
T z x + C1
2
dx
3

(1)

Tz x
Ay x
E I v =

+ C1 x + C2
6
2
Boundary Conditions :

Due to symmetry, dv/dx=0 at x=0, and v=0 at x=0.

0 = 0 0 + C1
0 = 0 0 + 0 + C2

From Eq. (1):

From Eq. (2):

The Elastic Curve :

Tz x
Ay x
E I v =

6
2
At x=R, v=-s. From Eq. (3),
2

R
Ay R 3Tz
6E I

C1 := 0
C2 := 0

Substitute the values of C1 and C 2 into Eq. (2),

s :=

(2)

x
v=
Ay x 3T z
6E I

s = 9.11 mm

Ans

(3)

Problem 12-17
The shaft is supported at A by a journal bearing that exerts only vertical reactions on the shaft and at B
by a thrust bearing that exerts horizontal and vertical reactions on the shaft. Draw the bending-moment
diagram for the shaft and then, from this diagram, sketch the deflection or elastic curve for the shaft's
centerline. Determine the equations of the elastic curve using the coordinates x1 and x2 . EI is constant.
Given: h := 60mm

L 1 := 150mm

P := 5kN

L 2 := 400mm

L := L 1 + L 2
Support Reactions:
+ F =0; A + B = 0

Solution:

(1)

B=0; P h + A L2 = 0 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2):

A :=

P h
L2

B := A

( )
M2 ( x2) := B x2

Moment Function :

M1 x1 := P h

Section Property :

EI := kN m

A = 0.75 kN
B = 0.75 kN

Slope and Elastic Curve :

2

EI

d v1
dx1

( )

EI

= M1 x1

dx2

EI

d v1
dx1

EI

( )

= M2 x2

= P h

EI

d v2
dx2

dv1

= ( P h) x1 + C1
dx1

EI v1 =

d v2

P h x1

(1)

EI

dv2

dx2

= B x2
B 2
x + C3
2 2

(3)

+ C1 x1 + C2

(2)

EI v2 =

B x2
6

+ C3 x2 + C4

(4)

Boundary Conditions :
v1=0 at x1=0.15m, From Eq. (2):

P h ( 0.15m)
0=
2

v2=0 at x2=0,

0 = 0 + 0 + C4

From Eq. (4):

+ C1 ( 0.15m) + C2

(5)

C4 := 0

Ans

v2=0 at x2=0.4m,

From Eq. (4):

B ( 0.4m)
0=
+ C3 ( 0.4m) + C4
6
B
2
2
C3 := ( 0.4m)
C3 = 0.02 kN m
6

Ans

Continuity Condition:
dv1/dx1= - dv2/dx2 at A (x1=0.15m and x2=0.4m)
B
2
P h ( 0.15m) + C1 = ( 0.4m) + C3
2
B
2
2
Ans
C1 := ( 0.4m) + C3 P h ( 0.15m)
C1 = 0.005 kN m
2
2
P h ( 0.15m)
3
Ans
C2 :=
C1 ( 0.15m)
C2 = 0.00263 kN m
2
Substitute the values of C1 and C 2 into Eq. (2), and C3 and C 4 into Eq. (4),

From Eqs. (1) and (3),

From Eq. (5):

The Elastic Curve :
v1 =

1 P h
2

x1 + C1 x1 + C2
EI 2

Ans

v2 =

1 B 3

x2 + C3 x2 + C4
EI 6

Ans

BMD :

( )

x'2 := L1 , 1.01 L1 .. L

( )

1
M'2 x'2 := P h + A x'2 L1
kN m

Moment (kN-m)

x'1 := 0 , 0.01 L 1 .. L 1
P h
M'1 x'1 :=
kN m

0.4

( )
M'2 ( x'2 )0.2
M'1 x'1

0.2

0.4

x'1 , x'2

Distane (m)