FEEDFORWARD

(SEBORG CHAPTER 15)

FEEDFORWARD
Advantages

Disadvantages
FEEDBACK

Corrective action occurs as soon as the CV

deviates from the set point, regardless of the
source and type of disturbance

No corrective action is taken until a deviation

in the controlled variable occurs. Thus, the
perfect control, is theoretically impossible.

Feedback control requires minimal knowledge

about the process to controlled.

Does not provide predictive control action to

compensate for the effects of known or
measurable disturbances

The PID controller is both versatile and robust.

If the process conditions change, retuning the
controller usually produces satisfactory control

Does not satisfied processes with large time

constant and/or large time delays.
Some situations, the CV cannot be measured
online, consequently feedback control is not
feasible

FEEDFORWARD
Act before the disturbance upset the system

Disturbances must be measured online,

Good for slow system or with significant dead

time

The quality of the control depends on the model

Does not introduce instability for closed loop

response

Ideal feedforward may not be physically

realizable.

FEEDBACK- FEED FORWARD SYSTEM

In practical feed forward will be combined with

feedback system.

Based on the block diagram , the closed loop transfer function for
disturbance change is derived as

For perfect control ,CV must remains at set point

despite the changes in D. This condition can be
satisfied by setting the numerator of the above
equation equal to zero and solving for Gf, gives us

HOW TO TUNE FF ?

For disturbance transmitter and valve

where Kt & Kv denote a steady state gain

Suppose,

From

Rearrange all the transfer function;

This controller is consider a lead-lag unit, with a

gain of

Example:

Then

This is unrealizable, because negative time delay.

Approximate
by increasing

TUNING FEEDFORWARD
Step 1 Adjust Kf
Step 2 Determine initial values for 1 and 2
Step 3 Fine tune 1 and 2

RATIO CONTROL
(SEBORG CHAPTER 15, SMITH CORRIPIO CHAPTER 10 & LUYBENCHAPTER 8 )

A type of feed forward control

The objective is to maintain the ratio of two
variables at a specified value
One variable is manipulated to keep it as ratio of
another.
Implemented in two basic schemes.
multiplier

divider

Required to blend 2 liquid streams, A and B in

some ratio
R=FB/FA

The flow of stream B must vary, as the flow rate of stream A is varies

(Wild flow)

Multiplier : set the ratio

Measuring the flow in steam A
Multiplying it with the desired ratio to
obtain the required flow rate in stream B
(set point to the flow controller of stream
B)
FBset = R x FA
If the flow of stream A varies, the set point
of the controller of stream B will vary.

Divider
Measuring both stream
Divide them in FY16 to obtain the actual
ratio flowing through the system
R=FB/FA
The calculated ratio is the sent to the
controller which manipulated the flow B to
maintain set point.
The set point to this controller is the
required ratio.

TYPICAL APPLICATION OF RATIO CONTROL

1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

6.
7.

To maintain a ratio of feed flow rate and the steam in the

reboiler of a distillation column
Maintaining the stoichiometric ratio of reactants to a
reactor
Maintaining the reflux ratio in distillation column
Maintaining the ratio of fuel and air to a furnace at the
optimum combustions
Hold the ratio of two blended streams, in order to
maintain the compositions of the blending.
Hold the ratio of purge stream to the recycle streams
Maintaining the ratio of the liquid flow rate to vapor flow
rate in an absorber, in order to achieve desired
composition in the exit vapor stream.

TYPICAL APPLICATION OF RATIO CONTROL

TYPICAL APPLICATION OF RATIO CONTROL

EXAMPLE OF RATIO CONTROL

A control system for blending two

liquid streams, A and B.

Stream A is a wild stream, is

used to adjust the flow of stream
B so that the desired ratio is
maintained.

The signal for stream A is

multiplied by the desired ratio
Kr, to provide signal that is the
set point to the flow control loop
for stream B.

The parameter Kr, is adjusted to

desired ratio.

The control action is normally PI

controller.

Gm , represents the
dynamic lag of the
flow-measuring for
stream A.

Kr = ratio

For incompressible fluid, no lag

between the change in valve
position and the flow rate. Hence
=1

FB,FF, FF-FB & RATIO CONTROL OF BLENDING

SYSTEM
(LUYBEN - CHAPTER 8)
FB

FF

Fig 8.7 a

Fig 8.7 b

FB,FF, FF-FB & RATIO CONTROL OF BLENDING

SYSTEM
(LUYBEN - CHAPTER 8)
FF-FB

Fig 8.7 e

RATIO

Fig 8.7 d

EXERCISE : 1
REFERRING

TO THE EXAMPLE OF RATIO CONTROL,

SIMULATE THE EXAMPLE OF RATIO CONTROL, BY

& TUNE
ACCORDINGLY.

CHOOSING YOUR OWN

KR

VALUE

YOUR

PID

EXERCISE 2

With respect to Fig. 8.7 c & d, design the control

block diagram that can be simulated using a
SIMULINK