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Exercise 2C
1.
(a)
x+ y=16
----- (1)
x y=0
----- (2)
(1) + (2):
( x+ y )+ ( x y )=16+0
x+ y+ x y=16
2 x =16
x=8
Substitute
x=8
into (1):
8+ y =16
y=8
The solution is
(b)
x=8
x y=5
----- (1)
x+ y=19
----- (2)
and
y=8 .
(2) + (1):
( x+ y )+ ( x y )=19+5
x+ y+ x y=24
2 x =24
x=12
Substitute
x=12
into (2):
1
12+ y=19
y=7
The solution is
x=12 and
y=7 .
(c)
11 x+ 4 y=12
----- (1)
9 x4 y=8
----- (2)
(1) + (2):
( 11 x+ 4 y ) + ( 9 x4 y )=12+8
11 x+ 4 y +9 x4 y=20
20 x=20
x=1
Substitute
x=1
into (1):
11(1)+4 y =12
11+ 4 y=12
4 y=1
y=
1
4
The solution is
(d)
x=1
and
y=
1
4 .
3 yx=3
----- (2)
(1) + (2):
( 4 y+ x ) + ( 3 yx )=11 +3
4 y+ x +3 yx =14
7 y=14
y=2
y=2
Substitute
into (1):
4 (2 )+ x=11
8+ x=11
x=3
The solution is
x=3
and
y=2 .
(e)
3 x+ y =5
----- (1)
x+ y=3
----- (2)
(1) (2):
( 3 x+ y ) ( x+ y )=53
3 x+ y x y=2
2 x =2
x=1
Substitute
x=1
into (2):
1+ y=3
y=2
The solution is
(f)
x=1
and
y=2 .
( 2 x +7 y ) ( 2 x +3 y )=95
2 x +7 y2 x3 y =4
4 y=4
y=1
Substitute
y=1
into (1):
2 x +3 ( 1 )=5
2 x +3=5
2 x =2
x=1
The solution is
x=1
and
y=1 .
(g)
7 x3 y=15
----- (1)
11 x3 y=21
----- (2)
(2) (1):
( 11 x3 y )( 7 x3 y )=2115
11 x3 y7 x +3 y=6
4 x =6
x=1
Substitute
x=1
1
2
1
2
into (1):
( 12 )3 y=15
7 1
1
10 3 y=15
2
3 y=4
1
2
y=1
1
2
The solution is
(h)
x=1
1
2
3 y2 x=9
----- (1)
2 y2 x =7
----- (2)
and
1
2
(1) (2):
( 3 y2 x )( 2 y 2 x ) =97
3 y2 x2 y+ 2 x=2
y=2
Substitute
y=2
into (1):
3 ( 2 )2 x=9
62 x=9
2 x =3
x=1
1
2
The solution is
(i)
x=1
1
2
and
y=2 .
a=7
Substitute
a=7
into (2):
2 b5 (7 )=9
2 b+35=9
2 b=26
b=13
The solution is
(j)
a=7
b=13 .
and
( 5 c2 d ) + ( 3 c+ 2d ) =9+7
5 c2 d +3 c+ 2 d=16
8 c=16
c=2
Substitute
c=2
into (2):
3 ( 2 )+ 2d =7
6+2 d=7
2 d=1
d=
1
2
The solution is
(k)
c=2
and
1
2
( 3 f + 4 h ) + ( 5 f 4 h )=1+7
3 f + 4 h+5 f 4 h=8
8 f =8
f =1
Substitute
f =1
into (1):
3 ( 1 )+ 4 h=1
3+4 h=1
4 h=2
h=
1
2
f =1
The solution is
(l)
and
6 jk=23
----- (1)
3 k +6 j=11
----- (2)
h=
1
2
(2) (1):
( 3 k +6 j )( 6 jk )=1123
3 k +6 j6 j+ k=12
4 k=12
k =3
Substitute
k =3
into (2):
3 (3 )+ 6 j=11
10
9+6 j=11
6 j=20
j=3
1
3
The solution is
2.
(a)
j=3
1
3
and
7 x2 y=17
----- (1)
3 x+ 4 y=17
----- (2)
14 x4 y=34
2 (1):
k =3 .
----- (3)
(3) + (2):
( 14 x4 y +(3 x +4 y)=34 +17
14 x4 y +3 x+ 4 y=51
17 x=51
x=3
Substitute
x=3
into (2):
3 ( 3 ) +4 y=17
9+4 y=17
4 y=8
y=2
The solution is
x=3
and
y=2 .
11
(b)
16 x+5 y =39
----- (1)
4 x 3 y=31
----- (2)
16 x12 y =124
4 (2):
----- (3)
(1) (3):
( 16 x+5 y ( 16 x 12 y )=39124
y=5
Substitute
y=5
into (2):
4 x 3 (5 ) =31
4 x +15=31
4 x =16
x=4
The solution is
(c)
x=4
and
y=5 .
3 x+6 y =9
----- (3)
(3) (2):
( 3 x+6 y ( 3 x +5 y )=97
3 x+6 y 3 x5 y=2
12
y=2
y=2
Substitute
into (1):
x+ 2 ( 2 )=3
x+ 4=3
x=1
The solution is
(d)
3 x+ y =5
x=1 and
y=2 .
----- (1)
3 (1):
----- (3)
(3) (2):
( 9 x+ 3 y ( 7 x+3 y ) =151
9 x+ 3 y 7 x3 y=16
2 x =16
x=8
Substitute
x=8
into (1):
3 (8 )+ y=5
24 + y=5
y=19
The solution is
x=8
and
y=19 .
13
(e)
7 x3 y=13
----- (1)
6 x3 y=9
----- (3)
(1) (3):
( 7 x3 y ( 6 x3 y )=139
7 x3 y6 x +3 y=4
x=4
x=4
Substitute
into (2):
2 ( 4 ) y=3
8 y=3
y=5
The solution is
(f)
x=4
and
9 x5 y=2
----- (1)
3 x4 y=10
----- (2)
3 (2):
9 x12 y=30
y=5 .
----- (3)
(1) (3):
( 9 x5 y ( 9 x12 y )=230
9 x5 y9 x +12 y=28
7 y=28
y=4
14
y=4
Substitute
into (2):
3 x4 (4 )=10
3 x+16=10
3 x=6
x=2
The solution is
3.
(a)
x=2 and
7 x3 y=18
----- (1)
6 x+ 7 y=25
----- (2)
7 (1):
49 x21 y=126
3 (2):
18 x+21 y=75
y=4 .
----- (3)
----- (4)
(3) + (4):
( 49 x21 y + ( 18 x +21 y )=126+75
x=3
Substitute
x=3
into (2):
6 ( 3 ) +7 y=25
18+7 y=25
15
7 y=7
y=1
The solution is
(b)
x=3
and
4 x +3 y=5
----- (1)
3 x2 y=43
----- (2)
2 (1):
8 x+ 6 y=10
3 (2):
9 x6 y=129
y=1 .
----- (3)
----- (4)
(3) + (4):
( 8 x+ 6 y + ( 9 x 6 y )=10+129
8 x+ 6 y+ 9 x6 y=119
17 x=119
x=7
16
x=7
Substitute
into (1):
4 (7 ) +3 y=5
28+3 y=5
3 y=33
y=11
The solution is
(c)
x=7
and
y=11 .
4 x +6 y =16
----- (3)
3 (2):
15 x+6 y =27
----- (4)
(4) (3):
( 15 x+6 y ( 4 x +6 y )=2716
15 x+6 y 4 x6 y=11
11 x=11
x=1
x=1
Substitute
into (2):
5 ( 1 )+ 2 y=9
5+2 y=9
2 y=4
y=2
17
The solution is
(d)
5 x+ 4 y=11
x=1
and
y=2 .
----- (1)
15 x+12 y=33
----- (3)
5 (2):
15 x+25 y =20
----- (4)
(4) (3):
( 15 x+25 y (15 x +12 y )=2033
13 y=13
y=1
Substitute
5 x+4 (1 )=11
5 x4=11
5 x=15
x=3
The solution is
(e)
x=3
and
4 x 3 y=1
----- (1)
5 x2 y =4
----- (2)
y=1 .
18
2 (1):
8 x6 y=2
----- (3)
3 (2):
15 x6 y=12
----- (4)
(4) (3):
( 15 x6 y ( 8 x6 y ) =12(2)
15 x6 y8 x +6 x=14
7 x=14
x=2
x=2
Substitute
into (2):
5 ( 2 )2 y=4
102 y=4
2 y=6
y=3
The solution is
(f)
x=2
and
5 x4 y =23
----- (1)
2 x 7 y=11
----- (2)
2 (1):
10 x8 y=46
5 (2):
10 x35 y=55
y=3 .
----- (3)
----- (4)
(3) (4):
( 10 x8 y ( 10 x35 y )=4655
19
10 x8 y10 x+ 35 y=9
27 y=9
y=
y=
Substitute
5 x4
1
3
1
3
into (1):
( 13 )=23
4
5 x+ =23
3
5 x=21
x=4
2
3
1
3
The solution is
4.
(a)
x=4
x+ y=7
----- (1)
x y=5
----- (2)
From (1),
y=7x
1
3
and
y=
1
3 .
----- (3)
x( 7x ) =5
x7+ x=5
2 x =12
x=6
20
21
x=6
Substitute
into (3):
y=76
1
x=6
The solution is
(b)
3 x y=0
----- (1)
2 x + y =5
----- (2)
From (2),
y=52 x
and
y=1 .
----- (3)
3 x( 52 x )=0
3 x5+2 x=0
5 x=5
x=1
x=1
Substitute
into (3):
y=52(1)
3
The solution is
(c)
2 x 7 y=5
and
y=3 .
----- (1)
3 x+ y =4
From (2),
x=1
----- (2)
y=43 x
----- (3)
22
2 x 7 (43 x ) =5
2 x +28+21 x=5
23 x=23
x=1
Substitute
y=43 (1)
1
The solution is
(d)
x=1 and
y=1 .
3 x+2 y=29
From (1),
----- (2)
y=5 x5
----- (3)
3 x+2 ( 5 x5 )=29
3 x+10 x10=29
13 x=39
x=3
Substitute
x=3
into (3):
y=5 ( 3 ) 5
10
The solution is
x=3
and
y=10 .
23
(e)
5 x+3 y =11
----- (1)
4 x y=2
----- (2)
From (2),
y=4 x2
----- (3)
5 x+3 ( 4 x2 )=11
5 x+12 x6=11
17 x=17
x=1
Substitute
x=1
into (3):
y=4 ( 1 )2
2
The solution is
x=1
and
y=2 .
24
(f)
3 x+5 y =10
----- (1)
x2 y=7
----- (2)
From (2),
x=2 y+ 7
----- (3)
3 ( 2 y +7 )+ 5 y =10
6 y +21+5 y=10
11 y=11
y=1
y=1
Substitute
into (3):
x=2 (1 ) +7
5
x=5
The solution is
(g)
and
x+ y=9
----- (1)
5 x2 y =4
----- (2)
From (1),
y=9x
y=1 .
----- (3)
5 x2 ( 9x )=4
5 x18+2 x =4
7 x=22
x=3
1
7
25
Substitute
y=93
x=3
1
7
1
7
6
7
The solution is
(h)
into (3):
x=3
1
7
and
6
7
x4 y=6
From (2),
----- (2)
x=4 y6
----- (3)
5 ( 4 y 6 ) +2 y=3
20 y30+2 y=3
22 y=33
y=1
Substitute
y=1
1
2
1
2
into (3):
( 12 )6
x=4 1
26
The solution is
5.
(a)
x=0
x+ y=0.5
----- (1)
x y=1
----- (2)
and
y=1
1
2 .
(1) + (2):
( x+ y )+ ( x y )=0.5+1
x+ y+ x y=1.5
2 x =1.5
x=0.75
Substitute
x=0.75
into (1):
0.75+ y=0.5
y=0.25
The solution is
x=0.75
and
y=0.25 .
27
(b)
2 x +0.4 y=8
----- (1)
5 x1.2 y =9
----- (2)
6 x+ 1.2 y=24
3 (1):
----- (3)
(3) + (2):
x=3
Substitute
x=3
into (1):
2 (3 )+ 0.4 y=8
6+0.4 y=8
0.4 y=2
y=5
The solution is
(c)
10 x3 y=24.5
3 x5 y=13.5
x=3
and
y=5 .
----- (1)
----- (2)
5 (1):
50 x15 y=122.5
3 (2):
----- (3)
(3) (4):
( 50 x 15 y )( 9 x15 y )=122.540.5
28
50 x15 y9 x+ 15 y=82
41 x=82
x=2
29
Substitute
x=2
into (1):
10 ( 2 )3 y=24.5
203 y =24.5
3 y=4.5
y=1.5
The solution is
(d)
6 x+ 5 y =10.5
x=2
y=1.5 .
----- (1)
5 x3 y=2
3 (1):
and
----- (2)
25 x15 y=10
5 (2):
----- (4)
(4) + (3):
x=0.5
Substitute
x=0.5
into (1):
6 ( 0.5 ) +5 y=10.5
3+5 y=10.5
5 y=7.5
y=1.5
30
The solution is
6.
(a)
4 x y7=0
4 x +3 y11=0
x=0.5
y=1.5 .
and
----- (1)
----- (2)
(2) (1):
( 4 x +3 y11 )( 4 x y7 )=00
4 x +3 y114 x+ y+ 7=0
4 y=4
y=1
Substitute
y=1
into (1):
4 x 17=0
4 x =8
x=2
The solution is
(b)
x=2
and
7 x+ 2 y33=0
----- (1)
3 y7 x17=0
----- (2)
y=1 .
(1) + (2):
5 y=50
y=10
31
Substitute
y=10
into (1):
7 x+ 2 ( 10 ) 33=0
7 x+2033=0
7 x=13
x=1
The solution is
(c)
6
7
x=1
6
7
5 x3 y2=0
----- (1)
x+5 y 6=0
----- (2)
5 (2):
y=10 .
and
5 x+25 y 30=0
----- (3)
(3) (1):
28 y=28
y=1
Substitute
y=1
into (2):
x+5 ( 1 ) 6=0
x+ 56=0
x=1
32
x=1
The solution is
(d)
and
5 x3 y13=0
----- (1)
7 x6 y20=0
----- (2)
2 (1):
10 x6 y26=0
y=1 .
----- (3)
(3) (2):
x=2
Substitute
x=2
into (1):
5 ( 2 )3 y13=0
103 y 13=0
3 y=3
y=1
The solution is
(e)
x=2
and
7 x+3 y 8=0
----- (1)
3 x4 y14=0
----- (2)
y=1 .
4 (1):
28 x+12 y32=0
----- (3)
3 (2):
9 x12 y42=0
----- (4)
(3) + (4):
33
37 x=74
x=2
Substitute
x=2
into (1):
7 ( 2 ) +3 y8=0
14+3 y 8=0
3 y=6
y=2
The solution is
(f)
x=2
and
3 x+5 y +8=0
----- (1)
4 x +13 y2=0
----- (2)
y=2 .
4 (1):
12 x +20 y +32=0
----- (3)
3 (2):
12 x +39 y6=0
----- (4)
(3) (4):
y=2
Substitute
y=2
into (1):
34
3 x+5 ( 2 ) +8=0
3 x+10+ 8=0
3 x=18
x=6
The solution is
7.
(a)
x=6
x +1 3
=
y +2 4
----- (1)
x2 3
=
y 1 5
----- (2)
and
y=2 .
From (1),
4 ( x +1 )=3 ( y +2)
4 x + 4=3 y+ 6
4 x 3 y=2
----- (3)
From (2),
5 ( x2 )=3( y1)
5 x10=3 y3
5 x3 y=7
----- (4)
(4) (3):
( 5 x3 y )( 4 x3 y )=72
5 x3 y4 x+3 y =5
x=5
Substitute
x=5
into (3):
35
4 (5 )3 y=2
203 y =2
3 y=18
y=6
x=5
The solution is
(b)
x y 5
=
3 2 6
y=6 .
----- (1)
2
2
3 x y=3
5
5
9 (1):
and
3 x
----- (2)
9y
1
=7
2
2
----- (3)
(2) (3):
(3 x 25 y )( 3 x 92y )=3 25 7 12
2
9y
1
3 x y3 x + =4
5
2
10
4
1
1
y =4
10
10
y=1
36
Substitute
2
2
3 x (1 ) =3
5
5
2
2
3 x+ =3
5
5
3 x=3
x=1
The solution is
(c)
x=1
and
y=1 .
x 3
y=3 ----- (1)
4 8
5
y
x =12
3
2
----- (2)
8 (1):
2 x 3 y=24
----- (3)
6 (2):
10 x3 y=72
----- (4)
(4) (3):
( 10 x 3 y )( 2 x 3 y )=7224
10 x3 y2 x+3 y =48
8 x=48
x=6
Substitute
x=6
into (3):
2 (6 )3 y=24
123 y=24
37
3 y=12
y=4
The solution is
(d)
x3 y 7
=
5
2
x=6
and
y=4 .
----- (1)
11 x=13 y
----- (2)
26
( x3 ) =13( y7)
5
26 (1):
26
78
x =13 y91
5
5
----- (3)
(2) (3):
11 x
11 x
26 78
x + =13 y 13 y+91
5
5
5
4
2
x =75
5
5
x=13
Substitute
x=13
into (2):
11 ( 13 )=13 y
y=11
The solution is
8.
(a)
2 x +5 y=12
x=13
and
y=11 .
----- (1)
38
4 x +3 y=4
From (1),
----- (2)
2 x =125 y
x=
125 y
2
----- (3)
2410 y+ 3 y=4
7 y=28
y=4
Substitute
x=
y=4
into (3):
125 ( 4 )
2
4
The solution is
x=4
and
y=4 .
39
(b)
4 x 3 y=25
----- (1)
6 x+ 5 y =9 ----- (2)
From (1),
4 x =3 y+ 25
x=
3 y +25
4
----- (3)
1
1
y=28
2
2
y=3
y=3
Substitute
x=
into (3):
3 (3 ) +25
4
4
The solution is
(c)
x=4
and
y=3 .
6 x5 y=4
From (1),
----- (2)
3 x=27 y
x=
27 y
3
----- (3)
( 273 y )5 y=4
414 y 5 y=4
19 y=0
y=0
41
y=0
Substitute
x=
into (3):
27 ( 0 )
3
2
3
The solution is
(d)
x=
2
3
and
y=0 .
9 x+ 2 y =5 ----- (1)
7 x3 y=13
From (1),
----- (2)
9 x=52 y
x=
52 y
9
----- (3)
( 529 y )3 y=13
35 14
y3 y =13
9
9
4
5
1
y=9
9
9
y=2
Substitute
x=
y=2
into (3):
52(2)
9
42
The solution is
(e)
2 y5 x=25
x=1
and
y=2 .
----- (1)
2 y=5 x+25
y=
5 x+25
2
----- (3)
43
4 x +3
( 5 x2+25 )=3
4 x+
15
75
x + =3
2
2
1
1
11 x=34
2
2
x=3
x=3
Substitute
y=
into (3):
5 (3 )+25
2
5
The solution is
(f)
x=3 and
3 x5 y=7
----- (1)
4 x 3 y=3
----- (2)
From (1),
y=5 .
3 x=5 y+ 7
x=
5 y +7
3
----- (3)
3 y =3
( 5 y+7
3 )
20
28
y + 3 y=3
3
3
3
2
1
y=6
3
3
44
y=1
y=1
Substitute
5 1
x=
8
11
(a)
into (3):
8
+7
11
3
6
11
The solution is
9.
8
11
x=
6
11
and
x
+ y +2=0
5
----- (1)
x
y10=0
3
------ (2)
From (1),
Substitute
y=
x
2
5
8
11
------ (3)
x x
2 10=0
3
5
x x
+ + 210=0
3 5
8
x=8
15
x=15
45
x=15
Substitute
y=
into (3):
15
2
5
5
The solution is
(b)
x=15
x+y
=3
3
----- (1)
3 x+ y
=1
5
----- (2)
and
y=5 .
x+ y=9
From (1),
x=9 y
----- (3)
3 ( 9 y ) + y
=1
5
273 y+ y=5
2 y=22
y=11
Substitute
y=11
into (3):
x=911
2
The solution is
(c)
x=2 and
y=11 .
x y
+ =4
3 4
From (1),
----- (2)
y=3 x23
----- (3)
x 3 x23
+
=4
3
4
4 x +9 x69=48
13 x=117
x=9
x=9
Substitute
into (3):
y=3 ( 9 )23
4
x=9
The solution is
(d)
and
y=4 .
x y
+ =4 ----- (1)
3 2
2
y
x =1 ----- (2)
3
6
From (1),
2 x +3 y=24
2 x =243 y
x=
243 y
2
----- (3)
2 243 y
y
=1
3
2
6
47
486 y y =6
7 y=42
y=6
Substitute
x=
y=6
into (3):
243 ( 6 )
2
3
The solution is
10.
(a)
x=3
2
1
=
x+ y 2x+ y
3 x+4 y=9
and
y=6 .
----- (1)
----- (2)
From (1),
2 (2 x + y )=x + y
4 x +2 y=x + y
y=3 x
----- (3)
3 x+ 4 (3 x ) =9
3 x12 x=9
9 x=9
x=1
Substitute
48
y=3(1)
3
The solution is
x=1 and
1
1
( x2 )= (1 y )
5
4
(b)
1
2 1
x+2 = ( 3 y )
7
3 3
y=3 .
----- (1)
----- (2)
20 (1):
4 ( x 2 )=5(1 y)
4 x 8=55 y
4 x +5 y=13
----- (3)
21 (2):
3 x +2
2
=7(3 y )
3
3 x+ 8=217 y
3 x=137 y
x=
137 y
3
----- (4)
49
1
1
y=4
3
3
y=1
Substitute
x=
y=1
into (4):
137 ( 1 )
3
2
The solution is
(c)
x=2
and
y=1 .
5 x+ y
x+ y
=2
9
5
----- (1)
7 x3
y x
=1+
2
3
----- (2)
45 (1):
5 ( 5 x + y )=909(x+ y)
25 x+5 y =909 x 9 y
34 x +14 y=90
17 x+7 y =45
----- (3)
6 (2):
3 ( 7 x 3 )=6+ 2( yx )
21 x 9=6 +2 y 2 x
2 y=23 x15
y=
23 x15
2
----- (4)
50
51
17 x+7
17 x+
( 23 x215 )=45
161
105
x
=45
2
2
97
1
1
x=97
2
2
x=1
x=1
Substitute
y=
into (4):
23 ( 1 )15
2
4
The solution is
(d)
x=1
and
x + y x y
=
3
5
y=4 .
----- (1)
x y
=2 x3 y +5 ----- (2)
5
From (1),
5 ( x+ y ) =3(x y )
5 x+5 y=3 x3 y
2 x =8 y
x=4 y
----- (3)
4 y y
=2 (4 y )3 y +5
5
52
y =8 y3 y +5
10 y=5
1
2
y=
Substitute
x=4
y=
1
2
into (3):
( 12 )
The solution is
11.
When
x=3 ,
x=2 and
1
2
y=1 ,
3 p ( 3 )+ q (1 ) =11
9 pq=11
----- (1)
q ( 3 ) +5 (1 ) =p
p=3 q5
----- (2)
9 (3 q5 )q=11
27 q45q=11
28 q=56
q=2
53
Substitute
p=3 (2 )5
1
p
The values of
12.
When
x=11 ,
and of
are 1 and
respectively.
y=5 ,
----- (1)
q (11 ) +7 ( 5 )= p
11 q+35=p
----- (2)
11 (11 q+ 35 ) +25=q
121 q385+ 25=q
120 q=360
q=3
Substitute
q=3
into (2):
11 ( 3 )+35= p
p=2
13.
29 s+10 h=16
----- (1)
----- (2)
54
10 (1):
80 s30 h=90
----- (3)
87 s+ 30 h=48
3 (2):
----- (4)
(3) + (4):
7 s=42
s=6
Substitute
s=6
into (1):
8 ( 6 )3 h=9
483 h=9
3 h=57
h=19
The height above the ground is 19 m and the time when
the cat meets the mouse is
6s .
55