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I. INTRODUCTION
Operational planning of power distribution feeders
requires a considered effort for operation and design of
affected feeders. Studies in this area demand a higher level of
human intervention for applying all the alternatives that can be
addressed to solve the problem. The investments in the
medium voltage networks consist of a significantly percent of
the budget available for interventions. The high costs of
investments and operations, combining the fact that in this
network section is connected a large amount of consumers,
gives a special importance for operational planning of power
distribution feeders. Besides financial saving, an adequate
planning can provide an improvement of qualities indices such
as voltage control and network reliability. The nature of the
operational planning problem is combinatorial and must
consider the topology of the network and load distribution in
the feeders. A common solution applied for voltage and losses
correction is installation of capacitors in the network,
allocating capacitors allows a better management of reactive
power, bringing benefits like electrical losses reduction and a
better level of voltage. Computational techniques for capacitor
placement in distribution systems, have been extensively
Klaus de Geus
Center of Studies in Civil Engineering
Federal University of Parana
Curitiba, Brazil
klaus@copel.com
ZBase
SBase
Variables
0,1
Proposed Capacitor at pole i of type j
0, 1 Ajusted voltage
0, 1 Voltage relaxation
Constraints
i) Each pole can have only one type of capacitor:
(2)
(3)
,
B. Objective Function
1000
(4)
Capacitors
(5)
(1)
|
(6)
10
0.001
(7)
,
|
(8)
Sets
Poles
Phase
Capacitors
{1..np}
{1..3}
Poles
Phases A, B e C
Standard Capacitor
|
(9)
Parameters
kW at pole i, phase f
kVar at pole i, phase f
Installation cost of capacitor at pole i of
type j
Resistance of installed cable between
poles i and j ()
Reactance of installed cable between
poles i and j ()
Connection between poles, index of pole
source of pole j
Current pole i phase f
Current pole i phase f
Accumulated current pole i phase f
|
(10)
(11)
a)
(12)
,
1
,
(13)
(14)
,
Figure 3 Distance
(15)
c)
III.
FUZZY MODELING
B. Output variable
The output variable (operational cost) deals with the
amount of affected consumers, distance of point of capacitor
installation from the substation and the amount of operations
to allow the installation. This variable has five predicates
represented by triangular pertinence functions normalized
between 0 and 1. The variables are shown in figure 5.
Figure 1 Fuzzy system
A. Input variables
IV.
RESULTS
V.
CONCLUSIONS
Installation cost
(R$)
300 kVar
600 kVar
900 kVar
1200 kVar
1500 kVar
3070
3500
5600
8200
10200
[10] Chiang, H.-D., Baran, M. E.: On The Existence and Uniqueness of Load
Flow Solution for Radial Distribution Power Networks, [ITCS], vol. 37, no. 3,
pp. 410416, March 1990.
[11] Yang, H., Huang, Y., Huang, C.: Solution to Capacitor Placement
Problem in Radial Distribution System Using Tabu Search Method, 1995
International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery,
Proceedings of EMPD 95, vol. 1, pp. 388393, 1995.
[12] Miu, K. N., Chiang, H.-D., Darling, G.: Capacitor Placement,
Replacement and Control in Large-scale Distribution Systems by a GA-Based
Two Stage Algorithm, [ITPS], vol. 12, no. 3 , pp. 11601166, Aug. 1997.
[13] Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, vol.8, pp. 338-353,
1965.
Figure 7 Capacitor Placement