Table 1: Summary of cost and performance measures.

Credit: (carbay 2015)

Mitsubishi Attrage Honda City Toyota Vios
Cost [RM]
72,853
89,241
95,056
Top Speed [kmph]
170
190
168
Engine Displacement [cc]
1497
1193
1497
Power [hp]
120
79
107
Torque [Nm]
145
106
141
Acceleration [m/s2]
10.8
14.0
9.8
Mileage City [mi]
12.2
21.0
14.9
Cargo Volume [L]
536
450
506
Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis: Thinking about Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis,
we can think about the attributes of a particular decision we have to make or the
potential dierent options we have and just recognize that there are multiple attributes
and we are trying to go ahead and find out what the right course of action is depending
on all theses dierent attributes that give us utility. Basically, give us some value. It
can be understood in as many dimensions as possible to take a look at utility (Bailey
2013).
im going to go ahead and describe two general attributes which are used with
technical decisions that have to be made, and one of them is cost. And what im going
to do on the x - axis is im going to take a look at the cost of dierent options and im
going to go ahead and define this so that the origin which is closer to the zero point is
actually preferable. and that means that if this is the best, this has to be the cheapest.
And on the right would be the most expensive. So ill do cost on the x - axis. And
then ill take a look at lets say performance and we can look at this at lets say car
performance. How many miles per gallon might be one o those attributes. We will
clearly we want to get more miles per gallon instead of fewer miles per gallon so what
im actually going to do is take the reciprocal, one over miles per gallon or it could be
one over any type of performance measure (Bailey 2013).
The Honda City costs RM 89,241 while the Toyota Vios costs RM 95,056 and
lastly, the Mitsubishi Attrage 72,853. Ploting the pareto optimal frontier for the top
speed case, the Mitsubishi Attrage has the best top speed per cost option followed by
the Honda City. Although the Toyota Vios has the highest cost per top speed, it is is
pareto inferioir and a dead point as well as does not lie on the pareto optimal frontier
or what are sometimes called the pareto optimal solutions. There is no point in having
the highest cost at the highest top speed. We are aiming for an optimal performance.
Therefore the Toyota Vios (point) is pareto inferior and we can eliminate the inferior
solutions from our considerations.
Ploting the pareto optimal frontier for the engine displacement case, the Honda
City has the best engine displacement per cost option followed by the Toyota Vios.
Again, although the Mitsubishi Attrage has the lowest cost per engine displacement,
it is is pareto inferioir and a dead point as well as does not lie on the pareto optimal
frontier. There is no point in having the lowest cost at the lowest engine displacement.
We are aiming for an optimal performance. Therefore the Mitsubishi Attrage (point)
is pareto inferior and we can eliminate the inferior solutions from our considerations.
Ploting the pareto optimal frontier for the power case, the Honda City has the best
power per cost option followed by the Toyota Vios. Again, although the Mitsubishi
1

Attrage has the lowest cost per engine displacement, it is is pareto inferioir and a
dead point as well as does not lie on the pareto optimal frontier. There is no point in
having the lowest cost at the lowest power. We are aiming for an optimal performance.
Therefore the Mitsubishi Attrage (point) is pareto inferior and we can eliminate the
inferior solutions from our considerations.
Ploting the pareto optimal frontier for the torque case, the Honda City has the best
torque per cost option followed by the Toyota Vios. Again, although the Mitsubishi
Attrage has the lowest cost per torque, it is is pareto inferioir and a dead point as well
as does not lie on the pareto optimal frontier. There is no point in having the lowest
cost at the lowest torque. We are aiming for an optimal performance. Therefore the
Mitsubishi Attrage (point) is pareto inferior and we can eliminate the inferior solutions
from our considerations.
Ploting the pareto optimal frontier for the cargo volume case, the Honda City has
the best cargo volume per cost option followed by the Toyota Vios. Again, although
the Mitsubishi Attrage has the lowest cost per cargo volume, it is is pareto inferioir
and a dead point as well as does not lie on the pareto optimal frontier. There is no
point in having the lowest cost at the lowest cargo volume. We are aiming for an
optimal performance. Therefore the Mitsubishi Attrage (point) is pareto inferior and
we can eliminate the inferior solutions from our considerations.
Ploting the pareto optimal frontier for the acceleration case, the Mitsubishi Attrage
has the best acceleration per cost option followed by the Honda City. Although the
Toyota Vios has the highest cost per acceleration, it is is pareto inferioir and a dead
point as well as does not lie on the pareto optimal frontier. There is no point in having
the highest cost at the highest acceleration. We are aiming for an optimal performance.
Therefore the Toyota Vios (point) is pareto inferior and we can eliminate the inferior
solutions from our considerations.
Ploting the pareto optimal frontier for the acceleration case, the Mitsubishi Attrage
has the best acceleration per cost option followed by the Honda City. Although the
Toyota Vios has the highest cost per acceleration, it is is pareto inferioir and a dead
point as well as does not lie on the pareto optimal frontier. There is no point in having
the highest cost at the highest acceleration. We are aiming for an optimal performance.
Therefore the Toyota Vios (point) is pareto inferior and we can eliminate the inferior
solutions from our considerations.
With all theses performance parameter considerations, the scores come upto 3
points for the Mitsubishi Attrage, 4 points for the Honda City and 0 points for the
Toyota Vios. With all certainty from the multi-attribute utility analysis (Normative
Decision Model) i would consider choosing the Honda City as my prefered choice of
car among the proposed three.

References
Bailey, Joseph (2013). Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis. url: https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=_q5GfbpPwVA.
carbay (2015). Compare Honda City vs Mitsubishi Attrage vs Toyota Vios. url: http:
//www.carbay.my/en/compare/honda- city- and- mitsubishi- attrage- andtoyota-vios.

cost [Rm]
3