Name

SIN
Class

: Mirsa Ita Dewi A

:135050100111189
:K

BACKGROUND
Economic Losses Caused by Pests. First is Invertebrate pests
cause 5-10% loss. Vertebrate pests (rodents, birds) cause anywhere from
5 to more than 50% loss. Loss characterization include consumption of
product, quality loss (product adulteration), costs of sanitation, repeated
treatment costs, product rejection by clients/customers and loss of export
markets.
PEST CONTROL PROGRAM
Pest Control Program must comply with the conditions, precautions
taken to termites, ants, cockroaches and rodents. Pests (insects, rodents,
birds) prevented to enter the factory, production area and storage area.
The best way is to hinder access into the building and the work area even
though it is almost impossible to prevent completely. But a good design
and construction may delay the entry of pests which is the main purpose
of pest control program. Even so they still have to regular programs for
pest control. Some items include in pest control program are :
1. Pest Control Procedure : The activities performed to control each
type of pest. The written procedures should be detailed and include
frequency of action
2. Record Keeping : The documentation of each performed activity, must
be accurate and up to date.
3. Responsible Individuals : The person who are charged with
performing pest control procedures and record keeping.
4. Deviation : Evidence of pest problem is a subjective determination that
requires expertise.
5. Corrective Measures : Written action steps in the plan that will be
performed if there is deviation from the pest control program.
6. Verification and Validation : Written scientific evidence that the
procedure are effective at controlling pest also verification in
documentation
INSECT CONTROL PRINCIPLES
1. Including:
- Biological control using natural enemies.
- Cultural control creates environmental conditions
- Physical and mechanical control, fumigation and glue insects.
- Autocidal control, site outage was born.
- Behavioural control, the use of chemicals that affect the properties of
insects, for example: influencing the pattern of birth or mating period.
- Chemical control, the use of chemicals to kill insects.
2. This principle can also be used to control mice and birds.

Pest Management in Feed Mills

Name
SIN
Class

: Mirsa Ita Dewi A

:135050100111189
:K

PEST OF STORED PRODUCT

They are usually small insects that infest and destroy food during all
stages of their life cycles. This group includes beetles, weevils, borers, and
moths. Stored product pests are not generally associated with disease but
they considered a major food contaminant.Weevils infest stored grain and
cause economic losses worldwide. The life cycles for most weevils is four
to five months, and they can infest nearly every cereal grain.
Prevention
Sanitation: both outside and inside silos, bins, and feed manufacturing
plants (including floor and equipment), is the most important IPM
technique. Regular cleaning of storage areas and processing
equipment to remove ingredient spills and accumulated dust is also
important.
BIRD PEST
Several species of birds harbour disease and pose a risk to food
plant sanitation. Birds pose a threat to the food processor by carrying
disease-causing microorganisms, contaminating product areas with
excreta, feathers, or external parasites such as mites. The most common
species involved are: pigeons, sparrows, and starlings
Controlling
There are five basic approaches in managing a bird population. These
include:
Survey: it is necessary to identify the bird species and to study their
activity patterns.
Sanitation: it involves limiting or reducing access to food, water, and
shelter, in addition to regular removal of nests.
Exclusion: the aim of exclusion is to deny access to enter or use the
building as a nesting, roosting or loafing site.
Repellent: this system can either scare the birds away or make it
difficult for them to use the building as a nesting or roosting side.
Repellent include scaring devices, sticky pastes, electrical wires,
netting, entry barriers, needle strip, traps, and poisons.
Population reduction: it is mainly achieved by the use of toxic baits,
traps.
COCKROACHES
Cockroaches have been shown to transmit disease including
pathogenic foodborne bacteria such as salmonella, Vibrio cholera,
Staphylococus etc.They are associated with feed mills, especially in hot,
humid tropical climates. They prefer warm, moist areas and are
omnivores.

Pest Management in Feed Mills

Name
SIN
Class

: Mirsa Ita Dewi A

:135050100111189
:K

Controlling
- Insect powder : Put the insect powder in the electrical junction
boxes, receptacles, or behind object in floor drains.
- Glue Traps : It is the same thing with the insect powder, to prevent
cockroach come in the feed mills.

FLYING INSECT
Flies transmit disease by spending part f their life in direct contact
with or in close contact to fecal matter or decaying material. Flies carry
many pathogens
Controlling
- Traps: the use of light traps (passive) is generally a preferred
method but the light traps should used away from production areas.
- Exclusion tactics such as: closing doors, windows, or use air
curtains above doors or plastic strips should discourage flies from
entering facilities.
RODENTS
Rodents include rats and mice. Both rats and mice reproduce
rapidly, rats having 20 offspring per year and mice up to 35 young per
year. Both mammals are primary nocturnal, but they leave behind several
sings of infestation. Such as: droppings, visual sightings, noises, smudge
marks, tracks, gnawing, and disclaimer. Rodents damage grain crops and
grain in the field and losses contributed by rodents to crop is significant.
The most effective way to control mice is a way to break the chain by
removing food from food sources. This can only be done with the
management of hygiene standards in the factory area.
Rodents control methods are:
- Chemical control
- Physical control
- Biological control
Controlling
- Trapping: traps are a safe and effective method of eradication,
especially for mice and roof rats. Rodents, especially rats, can
become trap shy. Glue traps can also effective, and they may trap
roaches as well.
- Toxic tracking powders: tracking powders are designed to kill the
rodents when they groom themselves. These powders are placed
along rodent travel ways or in burrows.

Pest Management in Feed Mills