Serial.

No
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Contents
Introduction
Early Life
Condition of Ralegan Siddhi
Initiative of Anna Hazare
Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan Aandolan
Rite of Information Act
Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in
Discharge of Official Duties Act

8.
9.
10.
11.

Introduction

Lokpal Movement
Hunger Strikes
Salient Features of Jan Lokpal
Bibliography

India liberalised its economy in 1991, drastically reducing tax rates, tariffs, and detailed microcontrol of economic activity. This opened up sectors reserved for the public sector, including to
foreign companies. These changes were expected to bring an end to the corruption that plagued
India, particularly since the 1970s. Yet, in 2011, two decades after liberalisation, an economically
resurgent India faced a crisis of governance. Scams and scandals dominated the headlines. A
cabinet minister was jailed after resigning on charges of corruption pertaining to the allocation of
a telecommunication spectrum, while others jailed in the same case included a member of
parliament (whose father was chief minister of a major state when she was incarcerated), and
senior executives of private sector companies alleged to have benefited from the ministers
misdeeds. The growing public dissatisfaction with corruption in public life triggered the
emergence of a civil society movement that forced the government to initiate the establishment
of a powerful Peoples Ombudsman (the Jan Lok Pal), with the powers to prosecute corruption at
even the highest levels of government. Indias ranking has slipped in Transparency
Internationals Corruption Perception Index from rank 90 in 2004, when the Congress-led United
Progressive Alliance (UPA) government came to power, to rank 94 (tied with Greece) in 2012,
when the UPA government was in the middle of its second term. In 2012, India was perceived as
significantly more corrupt than South Africa and Brazil (tied at rank 69) and China (rank 80),
although less corrupt than Russia and other post-Soviet states (Russia 128, Ukraine144), Mexico,
Argentina, Venezuela, Indonesia, Egypt, and most other South Asian states. In the Bribe Payers
Index (2011), which measures the

likelihood of bribery in government contracts, as perceived by companies, India was ranked 19

among the 28 largest economies, that is, more corrupt than Brazil (14) and South Africa (15) but
less corrupt than China (27) and Russia (28). In 2015 India Stands on 76 position on the 168
countries.
Anna Hazare, born in 1937 at Ralegan Siddhi, was a reformist who raised his voice
against the corruption prevailing in the society, which slowly and gradually damage the society.
He belongs to a poor family and retired from army. He first tried to improve the condition of his
native place. He erases the alcoholism from his village then tried to increase the water resources,
increased the production of milk. Due to his social reform he turned the condition of the village
and it is now one of the ideal village of the India.
During his social activities he faced the difficulties in the offices and realized that people
faced corruption in their daily life. Then he started the crusade against corruption. During the 20
years he forced many politicians to resigned who were corrupt. His second big achievement was
the Rite to Information Act in 2003 in Maharashtra which provided the base for the National rite
of Information Act 2005. After that he was joined hand with other civil society members to
implement the Jan Lokpal bill. Although Government implemented the bill on some extent but
there are certain areas which need to be revised.

ANNA HAZARE LIFE HISTORY

Anna Hazare was born on 15th January 1937 in a village by the name of Bhingar in Ahmadabad
district of Maharashtra. His original name is Kisan Bapat Baburao Hazare. His father name was
Baburao Hazare and his mother name was Laxmi Bai. He has two sisters. His parents were very
poor. Therefore, he was brought up by his childless aunt. He got education for vii standard then
he leaves his education due to poverty and starting selling flowers to earn his livelihood. Though
Anna Hazare was born in Bhingar village but later on as his native village he stays in Ralegan
Siddhi in Ahmadnagar district of Maharashtra. It is only because during the birth of Anna Hazare
his father as an unskilled labourer, worked in Bhingar but later he shifted his base to Ralegan
siddhi.1
As a teenager Anna hazare sold flowers at dadar railway station.he slaved and saved
enough money to become the owner of two shops but he was not satisfied and joined the army as
a truck driver in 1963.2 In 1965 during Pakistan India war Anna Hazare was posted at the
Khemkaran Border. On 12 Nov, 1965 in an air attack from Pakistan side all of Anna Hazare
comrades were killed. He was the only survival. During his service in army he posted several
stations like Sikkim, Bhutan, Jammu-Kashmir, Assam, Mizoram, Leh and Ladakh. he served in

1
http://hubpages.com/politics/BiographyofAnnaHazareandhisanticorruptionmovemen
t accessed on 8/2/2016
2 The times of india. online. www.indiatimes.com. Accessed on 23 march
2016.http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/anna-hazare-the-guesteditor/top-headlines/l-was-re-born-in-the-battlefield-of-khemkaran/articlesshow/8002771.cms?

army for almost 15 years then he voluntary retired from army in 1978. At the time of leaving the
services he was ranked as sepoy in the 9th Maratha Battalion.3
When Anna was in Army five medals were notified to him: 1. Sainya Seva Medal, 2. Nine Years Long Service Medal, 3. Sangram Medal,
4. 25th Independent Anniversary Medal 5. Paschimi Star. 4
At one time, Anna Hazare was so much frustrated that he tried to commit suicide. He was in
search of the answer of the question of very existence of the human life. Before suicide he writes
down a letter of two pages that why he was not interested in life no more. He was survived.
Fortunately for him, inspiration came from the most unexpected quarters at the book stall of
the railway station of New Delhi, where he was located then. He came across a book of Swami
Vivekananda and immediately bought it.5
He was inspired by Vivekanandas photograph on the cover. As he started reading the
book, he found answers to all his questions, he says. The book revealed to him that the ultimate
motive of human life should be service to humanity. Striving for the betterment of common
people is equivalent to offering a prayer to the God, he realized.6

3 ibid
4From Politics to Fashion, online on http://www.realityviews.in/ accessed on 22
March 2016, www.realityviews.in/2011/.../short-biography-of-anna-hazare-storyof.ht...
5 https://sites.google.com/site/celebbiography/home/anna-hazare
6 Ibid.

At that time, he was 26 years old. He decided not to spend his life merely for earning livelihood.
Thats the reason why he pledged to be a bachelor. At that time, he served only three years in the
army and was not eligible to the pension scheme so he spends twelve more years in the army in
order to be self-sufficient. Then he voluntarily retired from army and return back to his native
place.7

CONDITION OF RALEGAN SIDDHI

When he was in army he used to visit for two months every year to Ralegan
Siddhi. In his native place the condition of farmers was very miserable due to the water scarcity.
Ralegan Siddhi falls in the drought-prone area with a mere 400 to 500 mm of annual rainfall.
There were no weirs to retain rainwater. During the month of April and May, water tankers were
the only means of drinking water. Almost 80 per cent of the villagers were dependent on other
villages for food grains. Residents used to walk for more than four to six kilometers in search of
work and some of them had opted to open country liquor dens as a source of income. There were
30-35 liquor shops in the village. Morality had reached such a nadir that some of the residents
stole wooden logs of the temple of the village deity Yadavbaba to burn the choolah of one of the
country liquor outfits. 8

7 Ibid.
8Ibid

INITIATIVES OF ANNA HAZARE

He gathered some like-minded youths and organized a Tarun Mandal or Youth
Association to work towards rebuilding the village. Alcoholism was a major problem affecting
the men and the Mandal helped to close down over thirty liquor breweries. Followed their
success in controlling alcoholism, the youths also decided to ban the sale of other intoxicating
and dangerous substances like tobacco and cigarettes, which are now no longer sold there.9
In a bid to increase literacy in the Ralegan Siddhi area he helped to start
a pre-school in 1976. Encouraged by the response the Mandal went on to build a high school in
1979.The village was also short of food grains to feed its population and Hazare started a Grain
bank in 1980 to solve this problem. The farmers with surplus grains would donate grains to the
bank which the farmers in need would borrow. The borrowing farmers would return the grains
along with an extra amount as interest when they could afford it.10
He advised the people on how to improve irrigation facilities in the village and encouraged
them to grow pulses and oilseeds which had lower water requirements. He helped the farmers in
not just his own village, but also in 70 other villages to improve their cropping patterns. Under
Hazares moral leadership, the people of his village learned to shun traditional evil practices like

9 Famous people born today online www.famouspeople.com accessed on 23 March

2016, www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/anna-hazare-5324.php

10 Ibid.

untouchability and caste discrimination. In this village, the dalits or the so-called lower castes,
form an integral part of the socio-economic life of the villagers. He won Padma Bhushan Award
from Government of India in 1992 for these achievements.11

Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan Aandolan

During the time period of all the developmental work undertaken in Ralegan Siddhi
Anna Hazare noticed that all work gets obstructed due to corruption. Then and there Anna
thought to get rid of corruption and took his next leap. A step beyond his native village and
extended to Maharashtra state.12
Anna Hazare started a new movement named Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan Aandolan
(Peoples Movement against Corruption) in 1991.One after the other stir Anna continued against
corruption. In this context he became very vocal against the policies of government who failed to
curb corruption as some of their authorities were fully involved in the prevalent corruption.13
In 1991, when Sharad Pawar was the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, his organization exposed a
scam where 42 forest officers had duped the Maharashtra government of crores of rupees. Hazare
submitted evidence to the state Congress government in 1991. When the government did not take
action against the accused since a minister was also involved, he returned his Padma Shri to the
President and also returned Vriksha Mitra Award given by the Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and
11 Ibid.
12
http://hubpages.com/politics/BiographyofAnnaHazareandhisanticorruptionmovemen
t accessed on 8/2/2016
13 Ibid.

went on indefinite fast at Alandi in Pune district. Finally, the state government suspended the
accused officials and six Maharashtra Cabinet ministers were forced to resign the same year.14
In May 1997 Hazare protested against alleged malpractices in the purchase of
power looms by the Vasantrao Naik Bhathya Vimukt Jhtra Governor P. C. Alexander. On 4
November 1997 Gholap filed a defamation suit against Hazare for accusing him of corruption.
He was arrested in April 1998 and was released on a personal bond of IN R5,000. On 9
September 1998 Hazare was imprisoned in the Yerawada Jail to serve a three-month sentence
mandated by the Mumbai Metropolitan Court. The sentencing caused leaders of all political
parties except the BJP and the Shiv Sena came in support of him. Later, due to public protests,
the Government of Maharashtra ordered his release from the jail. After release, Hazare wrote a
letter to then chief minister Manohar Joshi demanding Gholap's removal for his role in alleged
malpractices in the Awami Merchant Bank. Gholap resigned from the cabinet on 27 April 1999.15
In 2003 corruption charges were raised by Hazare against four NCP ministers of the CongressNCP government. He started his fast unto death on 9 August 2003. He ended his fast on 17

14kiran tare, Fast among equal, India today in August 9, 2011, online.
www.indiatoday.indiatodayin.com accessed on 23 March 2016,
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/anna-hazare-fast-against-corruption-began-in1991/1/148573.html
15The statesman, A revive of rivalry online www.thestatesman.com 6 April 2011,
accessed on 21 Feb2016 www.thestaesman.comlindex.php

10

August 2003 after then chief minister Sushil Kumar Shinde formed a one-man commission
headed by the

retired justice P. B. Sawant to probe his charges. The P. B. Sawant commission report, submitted
on 23 February 2005, indicted Sureshdada Jain, Nawab Malik, and Padmasinh Patil. The report
exonerated Vijaykumar Gavit. Suresh Jain and Nawab Malik resigned from the cabinet in March
2005.16

Rite to Information Act

In the Maharashtra State, a campaign was started demanding for the Right to
Information in 1997. As Peoples Representatives and Civil Servants are public servants and the
citizens of Maharashtra are owners of the public money, the citizens have the right to ask the
public servants how and in what manner they spend the public money. He pressed for legislating
an Act of Rite to Information. The government made many promises but they failed to keep the
one.17
Finally, Anna Hazare went in fast unto death on Aug 9, 2003 at Azad Maidan,
Mumbai. He decided that unless the act is passed by the Government he will not end his fast,
rather he will sacrifice his life for peoples rite. On the 12 th day of his fast the Government of
16 The times of India, 11March 2005.online. www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
accessed on 12 February ,2016
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Nawab-Malik-is-second-NCPminister-to-quit/articleshow/1049486.cms?referral=PM
17 Anna hazare online. www.annahazare.org accessed on 23 March, 2016
www.annahazare.org/rti.html

11

Maharashtra got the bill signed by the Abdul kalam, president of india and enacted the law of
Rite to Information in Maharashtra. This Act has enabled the common man to seek information.
Till to-date, the people have to obey the laws; whereas the government machinery controlled
everything. But by the advent

of this Act, the Government Agencies have to obey the law and the people have got controlling
power. This law also served as the base for national rite to information act 2005.18

Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official

Duties Act
Before 2006 in the state of Maharashtra, even honest government officers were
transferred to other places according to ministers wish. Sometimes within months of being
posted to a place, whereas some corrupt and favored officials were cozy in their postings for
many years in some cases even for 10 to 20 years and since there was not any guideline or law
many government officials were reluctant to process files that contained important public
proposals and decisions. Anna fought hard for a law whereby a government servant must clear a
file within a specified time and that transfers must take place only after three years. After many
years of relentless efforts of Anna, finally on 25 May 2006 state government of Maharashtra
issued a notification announcing that the execution of the special act, The Prevention of Delay in
Discharge of Official Duties Act 2006, aimed at curbing the delay by its officers and employees
18 Anna Hazare(online). www.annahazare.org accessed on 23 March, 2016
www.annahazare.org/rti.html

12

in discharging their duties. This act provides for disciplinary action against officials who move
files slowly and enables monitoring officials who stay too long in a post, or in a department, and
for involvement in a corrupt nexus. Within this act, it is mandatory for the government to effect
transfers of all government officers and employees, except Class IV workers, after the stipulated
three years. Act also prevents the government from effecting frequent transfers of officers before
the stipulated three-year tenure, except in case of emergency and under exceptional
circumstances.

Maharashtra is the first state in the country to have introduced such act. However, like others,
this law has also not been followed in its true spirit.19
On 21st September 2011, a team of two Pakistani delegates named Nasir Aslam
Zahid, a retired Supreme Court judge and presently a member of the India - Pakistan judicial
committee on prisoners' justice along with Karamat Ali, trade union leader and peace activist.
met the Indian social activist Anna Hazare at his native village, Ralegan Siddhi. The Pakistani
delegates wanted Anna to visit Pakistan so that he may guide them to fight against corruption in
Pakistan. They felt there is no Anna Hazare in Pakistan so they need Anna Hazare from India.
Anna accepted the offer
but it all depends upon his health.20

LOKPAL MOVEMENT
19 Debika Goswami, Kaustuv k Bandyopadhyay, The Anti-Corruption Movement in
India accessed on 14 February 2016

13

In 2011, Anna Hazare led a movement for passing a stronger anti-corruption

Lokpal (ombudsman) bill in the Indian Parliament. As a part of this movement, N. Santosh
Hegde, a former justice of the Supreme Court of India and Lokayukta of Karnataka, Prashant
Bhushan, a senior lawyer in the Supreme Court along with the members of the India Against
Corruption movement drafted an alternate bill, named as the Jan Lokpal Bill (Peoples
Ombudsman Bill) with more stringent provisions and wider power to the Lokpal (Ombudsman).
Hazare has started a fast

up to death from 5 April 2011 at Jantar Mantar in Delhi, to press for the demand to form a joint
committee of the representatives of the Government and the civil society to draft a new bill with
stronger penal actions and more independence to the Lokpal and Lokayuktas (Ombudsmen in the
states), after his demand was rejected by the Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh.21
The movement attracted attention very quickly through various media. It has been
reported that thousands of people joined to support Hazares effort. Almost 150 people are
reported to join Hazare in his fast. He said that he would not allow any politician to sit with him

20
http://hubpages.com/politics/BiographyofAnnaHazareandhisanticorruptionmovemen
t
21 D. Motions Diary, Who Anna Hazare? What Jan Lokpal Bill? online
www.cnstantmotion.wordpress.com accessed on 21 March 2016
https://constantmotion.wordpress.com/2011/04/07/who-anna-hazare-what-janlokpal-bill/

14

in this movement. Many social activists including Medha Patkar, Arvind Kejriwal and former
IPS officer Kiran Bedi have lent their support to Hazares hunger strike and anti-corruption
campaign.
This movement has also been joined by many people providing their support in
Internet social media such as twitter and facebook. In addition to spiritual leaders Swami
Ramdev, Swami Agnivesh and former Indian cricketer Kapil Dev, many Bollywood celebrities
like Shekhar Kapur, Siddharth Narayan, Anupam Kher, Madhur Bhandarkar, Pritish Nandy,
Priyanka Chopra, Prakash Raj, Aamir Khan, Chetan Bhagat showed their public support through
twitter. As an outcome of this movement, on 6 April, 2011 Sharad Pawar resigned from the group
of ministers formed for reviewing the draft Lokpal bill 2010.Anna Hazare started his Fast until
Death at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, stating I will fast until Jan Lokpal Bill is passed The
movement gathered quite a significant amount of support from Indias youth visible through the
local support and on social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter.22

On April 6, 2011, Sharad Pawar, the Union Minister of Agriculture resigned from the group of
ministers formed for reviewing the draft Lokpal Bill. Protests spread like wildfire from the
Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi to cities like Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Guwahati,
Shillong and many others. In the face of these protests, the government decided to table the Bill
in the Parliament in the forthcoming monsoon session. Finally, on April 9, 2011, the government
accepted the inclusion of civil society members, alongside with the government officials in the

22

Ibid

15

Bill Drafting Committee. In addition to this, on May 13, 2011, the Prime Minister, declared the
completion of the ratification of the UN Convention against Corruption by the Indian
Government.23

HUNGER STRIKES
On june8, 2011 Anna Hazare gave an ultimatum to the Government that the Jan Lokpal Bill
should be passed by August 15, 2011. If not, then he would then begin another indefinite fast
from August 16, 2011.He blamed that the Government putting hurdles in the drafting Lok pal bill
and trying to defame the members of civil society. On the morning of the 16 August 2011, Anna
Hazare along with his close associate was remanded to judicial custody and imprisoned for seven
days after that. This resulted the agitation and protest all over the India. In the face of the protest,
the Delhi Police decided to release Him after one weak. Over the next twelve days he along with
his followers

launched and continued his hunger protest at the Ramlila Maidan of Delhi and he was supported
by the people of India from all walk of life.24
On 27 August,2016 a debate was held on the Jan Lokpal Bill in the Indian
Parliament. This end the fast but Anna Hazare made it very clear that he only suspended his
23 Debika Goswami, Kaustuv k Bandyo podhyay,11
24 Aarti Dhar, Sandeep Dixit. 16 August 2011, online www.thehindu.com accessed
on 28 February,2016. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2362611.ece

16

strike for time being and would end it only after a strong Lokpal Bill was passed by the
Parliament. Before the commencement of the winter session of the Parliament on December 11,
2011 Anna Hazare sat on a day-long fast at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, protesting against the
proposals made by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on the anti-graft measure. The protest
for the first time Witnessed almost politicians sharing the stage with the Anna Team. Leaders of
BJP and Akali Dal shared the platform with him. Leader of this group appeared almost united on
the issues of bringing Prime Minister, lower bureaucracy and investigation wing of CBI under
the proposed Lokpal.25
On December 22, 2011, the Parliamentary sessions in the Lower House (Lok
Sabha) witnessed debates and breaches of opinion regarding the Lokpal issue among almost all
the political parties present. After these arguments and counter arguments, the government
finally withdrew the Lokpal Bill introduced in August 2011 and reintroduced The Lokpal and

Lokayuktas Bill 2011 along with the 116th Constitutional Amendment Bill, which also included
reservation for minorities and 50 per cent reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes,
Other Backward Classes and women. But Anna Hazare was not happy with that and he
challenged Congress chief Sonia Gandhi to a public debate on it to convince people that the
proposed legislation is strong. He said the new Bill is of no use if the anti-corruption ombudsman
25 Express News Service, December 12, 2011. Online www.indianexpress.com
accessed on 27 Fbruary,2016 http://www.indianexpress.com/news/8-parties-onanna-stage-congress-feels-heat/886653/

17

does not have control over CBI and the lower bureaucracy is not brought under its direct control.
He said he would go on a three-day hunger strike from December 27-29 and would launch jail
bharo struggle.26
The Bill was reintroduced during the Budget session of the Parliament in February
2012, but it was not prioritised and the session ended without the Bill being passed. Under these
circumstances, Anna once again decided to sit on a day-long fast at Jantar Mantar on March 25,
2012. Blaming the government for its insensitivity and carelessness, he said that the dharna at
Jantar Mantar would seek protection for whistle blowers, many of whom were killed while
exposing corruption cases. Again, on May 1, 2012 Anna began his five-week long tour of
Maharashtra to create awareness for a strong lokayukta Bill. From July29 to 3 rd August he
continued his hunger strike and which was broken on the promise to fight for transparency in the
system.27

In May 2012, the bill was referred to a Select Committee of the Rajya Sabha to try and develop a
consensus on the disputed issues. After the report of the Select Committee was submitted in
November 2012, the bill was again taken up in the Rajya Sabha and passed, with several
amendments, on 17 December 2013. The amended bill was sent back to the Lok Sabha, which

26 Debika Goswami, Kaustuv k Bandyo podhyay,15

27 Ibid.

18

passed it on 18 December2013. The bill received the assent of the President on Ist January 2014,
thereby becoming the L&l Act of 2014.28

Salient Features of Jan Lokpal

The L&L Act 2014 provides for setting up a body called the Lokpal at center
level to have complaints of corruption against various categories of public servants enquired into,
investigated and prosecuted as warranted. The makes it mandatory for states

to set up

Lokayukatas within one year of the passage of time but the type and nature of the Lokayukatas
is left to the discretion of the state legislature. 29
Lokpal would receive complaints of corruption against the prime minister, ministers, Members
of Parliament (MPs), officers of the central government (all l evels), and against functionaries of
any entity that is wholly or partly financed by the government with an annual income above a
specified limit, and also, all entities receiving donations from foreign sources in excess of 10
lakh per year.

The Act states that on receipt of a complaint against any public servant, except the Lokpal will
order a preliminary inquiry against the public servant. The inquiry may be done by its own
28 Amrita Johri, Anjali Bhardwaj, Shekhar Singh, The Lokpal Act of 2014 An
Assessment accessed on 7 February, 2016 www.snsindia.org/pdf/lokpal-2-epwarticle.pdf
29 Ibid.

19

inquiry wing, provided for this purpose or the Lokpal may direct the Central Bureau of
Investigation (CBI) or any other agency to do the preliminary inquiry. The preliminary inquiry
has to ordinarily be completed within 60 to 90 days and a report has to be submitted to the
Lokpal. The investigation has to be submitted within 6 months and report has to be submitted to
the appropriate court having justice.30
Every investigation report must be considered by a bench consisting of not less
than three members of the Lokpal and, after obtaining the comments of the public functionary,
the Lokpal may grant sanction to its own prosecution wing, or to the investigating agency, to file
a charge sheet before the special court, or direct filing of a closure report, or direct initiation of
departmental proceedings against the concerned public servant. 31

Bibliography
Articles

30 Amrita Johri, Anjali Bhardwaj, Shekhar Singh,

31 Ibid.

20

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Sandeep

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www.snsindia.org/pdf/lokpal-2-epw-article.pdf
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