ORGANIZATIONS THAT INFLUENCE INTERNET AND MONITOR ITS

OPERATIONS INCLUDE

Credit Assignment

By

ASIF RASOOL CHANNA 11-MBA-(i) 2015

Credit Assignment for MBA (E-Commerce)

Under the supervision of
SIR MAIRAJ NABI BHATTI

Presented to

SBBU School of Business

SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTO UNIVERSITY, SHAHEED BENAZIRABAD.

Date of the submission

07TH March 2015

Table of Contents
INTERNET ARCHITECTURE BOARD (IAB)............................................................................. 2
Definition - What does Internet Architecture Board (IAB) mean?......................2
Explains Internet Architecture Board (IAB)...........................................................2
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)................................................3
Definition - What does Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN) mean?........................................................................................... 3
Explains Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)......3
The Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)......................................................................3
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)................................................................................ 4
Definition - What does Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mean?.............4
Explains Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)..................................................4
Internet Society (ISOC)......................................................................................................... 4
Definition - What does Internet Society (ISOC) mean?........................................4
Explains Internet Society (ISOC).............................................................................. 4
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)....................................................................................... 5
Definition - What does World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) mean?...................5
Explains World Wide Web Consortium (W3c).........................................................5
ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)............................................................5
Definition - What does ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITUT) mean?...................................................................................................................... 5
Explains ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T).....................5

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SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTO UNIVERSITY SHAHEED BENAZIRABAD

Knowledge Commitment, Leadership

Civil Line, Nawabshah, Sindh-Pakistan

ORGANIZATIONS THAT INFLUENCE INTERNET AND MONITOR ITS

OPERATIONS INCLUDE

INTERNET ARCHITECTURE BOARD (IAB)

Definition - What does Internet Architecture Board (IAB) mean?
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is a board of researchers and professionals that manages the
engineering and technical development related to the Internet. IAB offers assistance and insight on a
wide range of Internet-related concerns. Professional entities, standards agencies and other
organizations frequently use IAB as a reference for network expertise.

IAB manages several task forces, including the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) and the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF). IAB was originally established as the Internet Configuration Control Board
(ICCB) in 1979. Adopting several names afterwards, it finally became the IAB in 1992. Initially, the U.S.
government and Federal Research Internet Configuration Committee (FRICC) supported IAB.

Explains Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

During the 1980s, Internet developments were implemented for the promotion of the Internet and Internet
standards. IAB was established to manage oversight of the following responsibilities:

Manage and publish Request for Comments (RFC)

Oversee the Internet standard process

Oversee the IETF

Eventually, IAB responsibilities developed as follows:

Architectural Supervision: Responsible for overseeing different network and Internet Protocol (IP)
architectural standards.

Appeals and Standards Process Supervision: The appeal board was established to review
standard issues and related appeals.

Advice for Internet Societies: Provides guidance to ISOC officials.

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Although IAB arranges groups for developing technical principles and ideas, it generally does not build
comprehensive implementation plans. IAB's main objective is to help the IETF improve Internet
standardization. The IAB is rarely associated with policy decisions and usually does not address the
Internet's operational or commercial elements.

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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Definition - What does Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN) mean?
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a non-profit public benefit
corporation that develops policy on unique identifiers and coordinates the Internet's naming system. In
other words, the ICANN is the overseeing body for the domain names on the Internet.

Explains Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

(ICANN)
ICANN was formed in 1998 and administers the system that resolves domain names, such as
"techopedia.com", with IP addresses, which for this site is 184.72.216.57. These numbers would be long
and impractical for Web users to remember. As such, ICANN helps coordinate how IP addresses are
supplied to ensure that no two sites are given the same address.
ICANN created the registrar market, in which hundreds of registrars sell domain names for new websites.
When you purchase a domain, you do so through a domain registrar, but the the ICANN is the body that
supervises the registrars. The ICANN also approves new top-level domains on the Internet, such as
".asia" or ".travel."

The Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)

The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is the body that defines standard Internet
operating protocols such as TCP/IP. The IETF is supervised by the Internet Society Internet
Architecture Board (IAB). IETF members are drawn from the Internet Society's individual and
organization membership.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of
network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the
Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested
individual.
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of
network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the
Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested
individual. The IETF Mission Statement is documented in RFC 3935.
The actual technical work of the IETF is done in its working groups, which are organized by
topic into several areas (e.g., routing, transport, security, etc.). Much of the work is handled
via mailing lists. The IETF holds meetings three times per year.

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The IETF working groups are grouped into areas, and managed by Area Directors, or ADs.
The ADs are members of the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Providing
architectural oversight is the Internet Architecture Board, (IAB). The IAB also adjudicates
appeals when someone complains that the IESG has failed. The IAB and IESG are chartered
by the Internet Society (ISOC) for these purposes. The General Area Director also serves as
the chair of the IESG and of the IETF, and is an ex-officio member of the IAB.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the
assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols. The IANA is chartered by the
Internet Society (ISOC) to act as the clearinghouse to assign and coordinate the use of
numerous Internet protocol parameters.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Definition - What does Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mean?
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is an open standards organization that deals with Internet
standards and cooperates with International Electro technical Commission (IEC) and International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. IETF deals particularly with TCP/IP standards and the
IP suite. IETF is an open organization that does not have any formal membership. All employees and
management personnel are volunteers. Annual, bi-annual and quarterly meetings are arranged to discuss
previous and future developments regarding different projects and Internet standards.

Explains Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

The IETF is one of the main Internet standards organizations in the world. It is composed of network
engineers, designers, developers and researchers. The first official meeting of the IETF was conducted in
1986. The IETF has been involved in Internet standards including protocols, communication devices and
connectors. The following eight standards areas have always been a major concern to the IETF:
Application General Internet Management and operational Infrastructure and real time development
Routing Security Transport. The overall activities of the IETF include publication of draft specifications
and then reviewing, testing and re-publishing them. Most of IETFs developed standards for protocols are
individually based and do not interlock with multiple systems, allowing different bodies to adopt IETF
protocols for different systems according to their needs and interoperability. Interlocked protocols are
much

Internet Society (ISOC)

Definition - What does Internet Society (ISOC) mean?
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an international nonprofit organization that handles Internet standards,
education and policy development. Founded in 1992, ISOC's mission is to ensure open Internet
development by enhancing and supporting Internet use for organizations and individuals worldwide.

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Explains Internet Society (ISOC)

ISOC was created to support the development process for Internet standards, while focusing on
promoting key Internet development activities. ISOC leaders address issues confronting the future of the
Internet and provide organizational infrastructure for Internet standards groups, including the Internet
Architecture Board (IAB) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

ISOC handles Internet policy planning and deals with terminologies like the Internet Code of Conduct,
Internet Law and the Internet Ecosystem. ISOC has regular member meetings, workshops and
conferences on Internet use awareness and other topics of interest.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Definition - What does World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) mean?
THE World Wide Web Consortium, known as the W3C, is an international community of standards for the
World Wide Web (www or w3). It was founded by Tim Burners Lee in October 1994. The W3C is working
to make the Web accessible to all users all over the world.
W3C is organized as a member organization and is working to standardize the web. It also creates and
maintains WWW standards. These W3C standards are called W3C Recommendations.

Explains World Wide Web Consortium (W3c)

W3C was created as a collaboration between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) with support from the United State Defense
Advanced Project Agency (DARPA) and the European Commission. W3Cs purpose is to develop open
standards so that the Web evolves in a sole direction rather than being split among rival groups. This
community decides on how website markup and script should be rendered and written.

ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

Definition - What does ITU Telecommunications Standardization
Sector (ITU-T) mean?
The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a sector within the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) which coordinates with all entities involved with creating standards in the
telecommunications industry. This work of the ITU can be traced back to 1865, together with the birth of
the International Telegraph Union. It then became a specialized agency under the United Nations in 1947,
and was renamed to its present name, ITU-T, in 1993.

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Explains ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

The ITU is intergovernmental in nature and has been characterized by public-private partnerships since
its creation. It currently has 191 member states and more than 700 private-public members including
companies, national and international communication entities and other experts in the field. These
experts are known as Sector Members and Associates, and they are the ones who are tasked with
producing international standards under ITU-Ts supervision. The results of this collaboration are known
as ITU-T Recommendations, which stand as the pillars which define global information and
communication technology (ICT) infrastructure.
The main function of the ITU-T is to ensure that new standards covering the entire field of worldwide
telecommunication are efficiently produced in a timely manner. It also defines tariffs and accounting
principles that govern international telecommunication services.

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