FOREWORD

Praise the author pray Allah SWT, thanks to the abundance of His grace and
guidance, given health writer so i can complete this paper. Thanks to his blessing
anyway I can finish the paper on time.
The author realizes that terselesainya preparation of this paper can not be
separated from the help, guidance, support, prayers, as well as suggestions from
various parties. Therefore, with all humility authors would like to thank those who
have helped.
The author is aware of this paper is far from perfection. Therefore, with all
humility authors accept criticism and constructive suggestions for the formulation of
subsequent papers to be better and would hopefully this task can bring special
benefits and generally for all friends.
Gorontalo,

April 2016

The author

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD..................................................................................................

TABLE OF CONTENS..................................................................................

ii

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY...................................................................

1.1 Background...................................................................

1.2 Problem Formulation ........

1.3 Objectives......................................................................

1.4 Benefits..........................................................................

DISCUSSION......................................................................

2.1 Definition Of Curcuma..................................................

2.2 Ingrediens And Officacy Of Curcuma...........................

CHAPTER III COVER................................................................................

3.1 Conclusions...................................................................

3.2 Suggestions....................................................................

CHAPTER II

REFERENCE

CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1.1

Background
Indonesia is very rich in various species of flora. Of the forty thousand
types of flora that grows in the world, thirty thousand of them grow in
Indonesia. About 26% have been cultivated and the remaining 74% still grows
wild in the forests. From what has been cultivated, more than 940 kinds are
used as traditional medicine (Syukur, 2001). Lots of medicinal plants in the
surrounding community. There is a form of herbs, ornamental plants, vegetable
plants and fruit trees. In addition there is also a form of wild plants grow in any
place without anyone noticing (Muhlisah, 2003).
History ancestors already use the plant to treat various diseases. But when
the drug was found chemicals, natural ingredients that begin excluded. Whereas
natural ingredients containing many advantages: easy to obtain, cheap price
because it can be grown and relatively no side effects. This is due to the effects
of drugs are natural, less harsh than chemical drugs. Besides the human body is
relatively easier to accept drugs from plant material compared with chemical

1.2

3.2

drugs (Muhlisah, 2003).

Problem Formulation
1. What is a ginger?
2. What levels of drug in the ginger?
3. What are the uses and benefits of ginger?
Objectives
1. To know what is temulawak.
2. To determine the drug content in ginger.
3. To determine the usefulness and benefits of ginger

1.3

Benefits
Knowing the function of ginger can be used as a traditional medicine, and
temulwak can also treat various diseases and safe to eat (no side effects because
ginger types of traditional medicine)

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1

Definition of Curcuma
Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Is a medicinal plant native
Indonesia.Rata average national production is relatively low at 10.7 tonnes / ha
in 2000 (Directorate of Arts, Plants, 2000cit Balitro, 2013), whereas the
potential production of improved varieties of ginger could reach 20 -30 tons /
ha. Ginger requirement for Traditional Medicine Industries (IOT) and Small
Industries Traditional Medicine (IKOT) ranked first in the East Java and ranked
second in Central Java after ginger (Kemala et al. 2003).
The survey results Kemala et al. (2003) ginger is used as raw material for
traditional medicine believed to cure 24 diseases. In 2004, the government
through the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM) launched the National
Movement Drink Temulawak as a health drink (POM, 2004). Based on the
results of another survey showed that of the 609 herbal products, 176 of which
contain ginger and penggunaannyaterdapat in 12 group of diseases that can be
treated (Purwakusumah et al., 2008).
Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) are found in the forests of the tropics.
Curcuma also breed on dry land around the settlement, terutaama on loose soil,
so that the rhizome buaah easily grow big. Curcuma including the species of
plants herbaceous shaped tree trunk pseudo stem and can reach a height of 2
meters. The leaves are wide and on each strand is connected to the sheath and
petiole rather long. Ginger has a uniquely shaped flowers (clustered) and dark
yellow. Ginger rhizome long been known as a medicinal herb. Aroma and color
typical of ginger rhizome is pungent and the flesh is yellowish. Growing
regions than in the plains rendaah can also grow well until the soil elevation
1500 meters above sea level.
Ginger plants including perennial plant that grows merumpun with
pseudo stem and can reach a height of 2-2.5 meters. Each family of plants

consists of several seedlings and saplings each have 2-9 leaves. Ginger plant
leaves are long and rather wide, dark green with purple tinge of brown in the
middle of the leaf. Leaf length and width of about 50-55 cm 18 cm (Figure
1a). Ginger flowers usually appear on the trunk semunya after the plants are
mature enough. Sized flowers short and wide, yellowish white mixed with red
(Figure 1b). Curcuma produce ginger rhizome (root tuber) that looks like an
egg round (cylinder with its dark yellow and light yellow skin). If the rhizome
split will be unique aroma will taste bitter if eaten (Figure 1c). Parts of plants
used as medicine is the root or rhizome (Mahendra, 2005; Mangan, 2008;
Rukmana, 1995 Bogor Agricultural cit, 2012).

2.2

Ingredients and efficacy of Curcuma Natural Compounds as Drugs

Empirically, ginger rhizome proven efficacious for health.
Rimpangtemulawak hepatoproteksi used as medicine, anti-inflammatory,
anticancer,

antidiabetic,

antimicrobial,

antihiperlipidemia,

antikolera,

antibacterial, antioxidant (Hwang 2006, Darusman et al., 2007, Rukayadi et al.,

2006, Masuda et al. 1992).
Jamu ginger is believed to overcome stiff, rheumatic, fatigue, diarrhea,
hemorrhoids, dysentery, swelling due to infection, chickenpox, acne, eczema,
jaundice, constipation, poor appetite, stomach ulcers, spastic convulsions, blood
urine, anemia and epilepsy. Further research conducted by health institutions to

find out more about the benefits of these plants to humans. From several studies
found that the chemical constituents in rhizome of ginger as flavonida
efficacious in treating inflammation, contains oil fungistatimk efficacious in
several types of fungi and bacteriostatic microbe Staphylococcus sp. and
Salmonella sp. Other research reports mention that the ginger rhizome can be
used as anti-cholesterol, increased appetite, anemia, and prevention
kanker.Rimpang ginger, also known as drug fitofarmaka, efficacious in treating
the gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, liver abnormalities, pancreas, high blood
pressure , intestines, intestinal contractions, tuberculosis, mouth sores and can
be used as a tonic. Other studies conducted by several universities proved that
ginger rhizome can also be used as a drug antistroke, antioxidant, prevent
osteoporosis, as antiplasmodial, anti-plaque and defense gear (Raharjo and
Rostiana, 2005; Dalimartha, 2007; Anonymous, 2008; Sardi, 2000cit
anonymous, 2013).
The composition of chemical constituents in rhizome of ginger and health
benefits can be seen in Table 1.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Chemical Ingredients
Efficacy for Health
Starch
Improve Kidney Work
curcumin
anti-Inflammatory
Essential oil
Anti-Inflammatory, antihepatotoksik
Kurkuminoid
Anti Poisoning Gall, Anti Cholesterol
Fellandrean
Anemia, antioxidant, and anticancer
Turmerol
Antimicrobials, Spleen Pain and Asthma
camphor
Increase milk production and Appetite
glycosides
Acne Medication, Pain
Foluymetik
Headaches, Smallpox
carbinol
Sprue, Asthma and Menstrual Pain.
(Source: Istafid 2006 Bogor Agricultural cit, 2012)
Kurkuminoid the ginger rhizome is a derivative of a compound consisting
of dimethoxy diferuloilmetan diferuloilmetan (curcumin) and monodesmetoksi
diferuloilmetan (desmetoksikurkumin). Curcumin is yellow, slightly bitter taste,

soluble in acetone, alcohol, glacial acetic acid, and alkali hydroxide. (Source:
Istafid, Bogor Agricultural 2006cit, 2012).
Among other benefits of curcumin as an acne medicine, increased
appetite, antioxidant, cancer prevention, and antimicrobial. The dye curcumin
used as a dye for human food and livestock. The results of the study Liang et al.
1985 states that curcumin rhizome of ginger efficacious neutralize toxins,
relieve joint pain, lower blood cholesterol levels, prevent the formation of fat in
liver cells and as an antioxidant. The amount of curcumin is safe for human
consumption is 100 mg / day for rats while 5 g / day.
Based on the research of Zhu et al. (2004) in Bogor Agricultural (2012),
curcumin may protect nerve cells from oxidative damage after cell diiinduksi
tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). T-BHP is a substance that can cause oxidative
damage to the nerve cells of mice. Treatment of adult mouse neural cell culture
using curcumin may protect nerve cells from damage and death of cells that
curcumin can be used to prevent disease neurodegeneration.
Essential oils are compounds that can increase the production of bile and
as anti-inflammatory. Chemical constituents of essential oils, among others
feladren, camphor, tumerol, tolyl-metilkarbinol, arkurkumen, zingiberen,
kuzerenon, germakron, -tumeron and xanthorrhizol generated up to 40%.
According to Ozaki (1990) in Bogor Agricultural (2012), the anti-inflammatory
effects of ginger caused by germakron. Phenolic compounds contained in
ginger can function as an antioxidant because of its ability mennghilangkan free
radicals and peroxide radicals to be effective in inhibiting the oxidation of
lipids.
Xanthorrhizol is a compound contained in the essential oil. Xanthorrhizol
a potential antibacterial that has antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum,
stable to heat, and safe to human skin. Xanthorrhizol can efficiently inhibit
infection of the teeth and skin diseases, can be utilized in a wide range of
product for example is used as an antibacterial agent, toothpaste, soap, cleaning
the mouth, gum, and cosmetics which require antibacterial activity.

Xanthorrhizol give the anti-proliferation effect on breast cancer cells (Hwang,

2006).

CHAPTER III
COVER
3.1

Conclusions
Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Is a pharmaceuticals plant
belonging to the tribe-finding meeting (Zingiberaceae). These plants come from
Indonesia, especially Java, then spread to several places in the region
biogeographic regions Malesia. Currently, most of the cultivation buffoonery is
in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines in addition to plants in
Southeast Asia can be found also in China, Indochina, Barbados, India, Japan,
Korea, the United States and some European countries.
The main content of ginger rhizome are proteins, carbohydrates, and
essential oil consisting of camphor, glucoside, turmerol, and curcumin.
Curcumin is useful as an anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory) and anti
hepototoksik (anti poisoning bile). Buffoonery has pharmacological effects that,
hepatoprotective (to prevent heart disease), lower cholesterol, antiinflammatory (anti-inflammatory), laxative (laxative), diuretics (laxative urine),
and eliminates joint pain. Among other benefits, namely, increased appetite,
smooth milk, and purify the blood.
Besides its use as a herbal medicine and medicine, curcuma is also used
as a source of carbohydrates by taking the starch, and then processed into a
slurry of food for babies and people who experience indigestion.

3.3

Suggestions
1. With this paper, is expected to assist the reader in understanding the ginger
as a traditional medicine
2. Require the research and writing more about this study.

REFERENCE

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Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
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Bagian Proyek Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat APBN, Bogor.
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3645-3647.
Oldeman, L.R. 1975. An Agro-climatic map of Java. Contr. Centr. Inst., New York.
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Zingiberaceae. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, Badan Litbang Pertanian, 7:25-30.
Rukayadi, Y. D. Yong dan J.K. Hwang. 2006. In vitro anticandidal activity of
xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. J. Antimicrob
Chemother 132:1-4.
Sukarman, M. Rahardjo, D. Rusmin dan Melati. 2007. Efisiensi penggunaan
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