Cementing Equipment includes various items used

while drilling oil/gas/water wells.

Casing will be installed at various depths while drilling. It is held in
place by cement, which also provides zone isolation. Down-hole
equipment such as Centralizers and Turbolizers is used to ensure
obtaining satisfactory zone isolation. Float Shoes and Collars (float
valves) prevent backflow after the cement has been pumped into
place.
Contents
[hide]

1 Centralizers, Turbolizers and Scratchers

2 Float Shoe

3 Float Collar

4 Stage Collar

5 References

Centralizers, Turbolizers and Scratchers[edit]

Devices fitted with hinged collars and bow springs help keep the
casing or liner in the center of the wellbore to help ensure efficient
placement of a cement sheath around the casing string. If casing
strings are cemented off-center, there is a high risk that a channel of
drilling fluid or contaminated cement will be left where the casing
contacts the formation, creating an imperfect seal. [1]

Turbolizers have added fins to "stir" up the drilling fluid and cement to
keep the flow turbulent in order to make sure the cement flows all the
way around the casing in order to prevent channeling.
Scratchers use metal wires to scrape mud cake off permeable zones
to help obtain a solid cement column.

Float Shoe[edit]
A rounded profile float shoe with an integral check valve attached to
the bottom of a casing string prevents reverse flow, or U-tubing, of
cement slurry from the annulus into the casing or flow of wellbore
fluids into the casing string as it is run. The float shoe also guides the
casing toward the center of the hole to minimize hitting rock ledges or
washouts as the casing is run into the wellbore. By "floating" casing in,
hook weight is reduced. With controlled or partial fill-up as the string is
run, the casing string can be floated into position, precluding the need
for the rig to carry the entire weight of the casing string. The outer
portions of the float shoe are made of steel and generally match the
casing size and threads, although not necessarily the casing grade.
The inside (including the external taper) is usually made of cement or
thermoplastic, since this material must be drilled out if the well is to be
deepened beyond the casing point.

[2]

Guide shoes are a variant of a float shoe without a check valve.

Float Collar[edit]
A float collar is installed near the bottom of the casing string. Cement
plugs land on it during the primary cementing operation, thus retaining
inside the casing a small portion of the cement slurry that may have

become contaminated as the top plug scrapes the inside of the

casing. It is similar to a float shoe; often both are used for redundancy.
The internal check valves may be flapper type or spring-loaded balls.
The check-valve assembly fixed within the float collar prevents flow
back of the cement slurry when pumping is stopped. Without a float
collar or float shoe, the cement slurry placed in the annulus could Utube, or reverse flow back into the casing. The greater density of
cement slurries than the displacement mud inside the casing causes
the U-tube effect.[3]

Stage Collar[edit]
Stage Collars provide a means for cement slurry to be displaced
higher in the annulus immediately following the primary cement job. A
series of differently sized rubber plugs pumped down inside the casing
open and then later close the sliding valves.

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?
Term=centralizer
2. Jump up^ http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?
Term=float%20shoe
3. Jump up^ http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?
Term=float%20collar

ontrol

Well Control during Logging Operations

Best Practices / Checklists

o

Pre-spud

26 inch

16 inch

12.25 inch

8.5 inch

6 inch

Completion

Miscellaneous

Casing Design
o

Casing types

Preliminary Design

Load Cases

Load Calculation

Corrosion Wear Fatigue

Buckling

Connections

Special Design

Operations

Miscellaneous

Casing Operations
o

Planning

Casing

Liner

Casing wear

Miscellaneous

Cementing
o

Planning

Casing

Liner

Cement Plugs

Remedial

Evaluation

Miscellaneous

Completion
o

Design

ESP

Operations

Wellhead

Miscellaneous

Drilling
o

Planning

Rig Move

Pre-spud

Abandonment

Equipment

Managed Pressure

Hole Problems

HPHT

Offshore

Shallow Water

Sidetrack

ERD

Mechanics

Miscellaneous

Drilling Fluids
o

Planning

Mud types

Solids Control

Contamination

QA QC

Losses

Testing

Miscellaneous

Evaluation
o

Coring

Logging

Mud/ Data Logging

FST

Miscellaneous

Well Testing

Planning
o

Reporting

New Venture

Job Descriptions

Miscellaneous

Production
o

Testing

Workover

Sand Control

Miscellaneous

QHSE
o

Planning

Quality

Safety

Health

Environment

Security

Stuck Pipe
o

Causes

Prevention

Freeing

Back-off

Fishing

Milling

Miscellaneous

Slim Hole Drilling

Surveying
o

Planning

Magnetic Survey

Gyro Survey

Inclination Only

MWD

Miscellaneous

Well Control
o

Planning

Equipment

Primary Control

Secondary Control

Tertiary Control

---------------------

Oil and Gas Jobs

Oil Companies

Oilfield Services

---------------------

Drilling Softwares
o

Well Control

Hydraulics

Drilling Optimization

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Amount:

Well Control during Logging Operations

Wireline BOPs are not normally used for open hole logging operations or cased hole operations where the Drilling BOPs
are installed. Exceptions to this rule are:

Open Hole logging operations (rig on site) where losses or kicks have been encountered
during drilling. The Drilling Supervisor and Drilling Engineer shall decide if a 7in shooting nipple
and large wireline BOP is required. The logging contractor shall be advised in such cases as the
equipment is not normally carried to the rig for regular open hole logging.

Cement Bond logging with pressure applied to casing. This pressure (generally 1000 psi)
is applied when there are doubts about the cement quality with the normal bond log. It helps to
differentiate between cases of micro-annulus and channelling. A 7in shooting nipple and large
wireline BOPs are required.

Perforating overbalanced in fields where pressure regime is well known. A 7in shooting

nipple and large wireline BOPs are required

Perforating underbalanced or perforating overbalanced where the pressure regime is not

well known requires full pressure control equipment.

Note:

In normal circumstances full pressure control equipment operations are performed on the (fine) monocable, with

equipment of reduced diameter to pass through completion strings. Operations with large multi-conductor cable are not
recommended where the pressure exceeds 1000 psi as the upthrust on the cable becomes significant above these pressures
(greater than 2 000 lbs).

1. Shooting nipple/Wireline BOPs not Installed

Tool String in Hole
If the well is in a stable condition, logging tools are run without wireline BOP / shooting nipple installed. After a long
logging session the possibility exists, that the hole starts flowing slowly. Proceed as follows:

1. Stop logging and perform flow check.

2. If the well is flowing, Close in the well using annular and strip tools out of hole. Shear the cable using blind/shear rams
if needed but do not cut logging tool.

3. Monitor the pressure build up.

4. Kill the well by stripping volumetric or bull heading method.

Toolstring out of Hole

If the well flows whilst the toolstring is out of hole, close in the well with the blind/shear rams.

Kill the well as per well control procedure while out of the hole.

2. Shooting nipple / Wireline BOPs Installed

Toolstring in Hole
If the well starts flowing with the logging tool in the hole, the following action shall be taken:

1. Close wireline BOP

2. Monitor pressure build up.

3. Kill well through rig BOP kill-line (volumetric kill or bull heading)

Toolstring out of hole

When the well flows with no tool in hole:

1. Close the blind/shear rams

2. Monitor pressure build up

3. Volumetric kill the well or bullhead the influx back into the formation

Note: Depending on pressures, stripping operations may be considered.

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