Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Staggered-Truss Buildings
R. E. LEFFLER
OVERTURNING
An important step in the early stages of building design is
to check the resistance of the structure to overturning. The
wind load acting on the vertical face of the building causes
an overall bending moment on any horizontal cross section
of the building. This moment, which reaches its maximum
value at the base of the building, causes the building to
tend to rotate about the leeward column and is called the
overturning moment. The overturning moment causes
compression in the leeward columns and tension (uplift) in
the windward columns. The dead load generally causes
compression in all columns, thus reducing the tension in
the windward columns and providing resistance to
overturning. Although the foundation weight could be
used to provide resistance to overturning, it is usually
considered desirable for all columns to be in a state of
compression under the combined action of the wind load
and dead load, with the compression load exceeding the
tension load by a suitable margin in accord with building
code requirements.
In the staggered-truss system, the wind-induced
tension in the columns is found by summing the verticaltruss reactions caused by the horizontal wind loads. From
Sheet 2,
R = 2W (D/L)
(1)
1
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
(2)
(3)
WIND-LOAD DISTRIBUTION
A pattern of shear flow through the floor slab caused by
the wind loads is shown on Sheet 5. The wind shear shown
is for one bay. The total wind shear in the trusses is twice
this value because of the contribution from the adjacent
bay. By using this pattern, the wind shear in the floor slabs
and trusses throughout the building is tabulated on Sheet
6.
COMPONENT DISPLACEMENT
The deflection-force relationships for the structural
components are determined first. These relationships are
then used to tabulate the total drift. Equations used in the
following calculations are shown in Appendix A.
Floor SlabThe hollow, precast floor plank shown on
Sheet 7, which is typical of those available, will be used in
this example. Only the continuous thickness of the floor
slab (the top 1-in. and the bottom 1-in.) is considered
effective. Because the displacement of the floor slab is
dominated by shear, with a small additional contribution
from bending, fixed-boundary conditions are appropriate
for an interior bay.
Properties are calculated in accordance with the
2
COLUMN-LENGTH CHANGE
The vertical-truss reactions to the horizontal wind shears
cause the columns to lengthen on the windward face of the
building and shorten on the leeward face of the building.
This column-length change causes the trusses to rotate and
results in a component of drift (Sheet 17). Vertical-truss
reactions are calculated for each truss and summed down
the building (Sheet 18). The main reaction points for the
trusses in this example are at the top chord, and the
columns below the truss top chord contribute to its rotation
and the associated drift. The per-story drift associated with
column-length changes is determined for Sections 1 and 2
on Sheets 19 and 20, respectively, on the basis of the
equations shown on Sheet 17. The drift caused by columnlength change in each story is determined on the basis of
the truss in that story for Sections 1 and 2.
FINAL DRIFT DETERMINATION
The final drift determinations for Sections 1 and 2 are
shown on Sheets 21 and 22. The structural drift and the
drift caused by the column-length change are combined to
find the total drift per story. The total per-story drift is
summed, starting at the base of the building to find the
total drift for each story. The per-story drift ratio is also
determined by dividing the total drift per story by the
corresponding story height. Except in the lower few
stories, the drift ratio is 0.002 or less. Comparison of the
total drift for each story in Section 1 with that in Section 2
indicates only a small variation between the two sections;
the difference for stories 2 and 3 is about 1.6% and the
difference for all the other stories is less than 1%.
Consequently, final tabulation of drift for only one section
would be an adequate procedure for most structures.
CONTROL OF DRIFT
In some instances the engineer may desire to reduce the
drift ratio to 0.002, especially in the first and second
stories. In the present example, this can be accomplished
with a few changes in member sizes as will be described.
For the first story, previous calculations indicated that
the wind braces provide the dominant control of drift.
Therefore, as shown on Sheet 23, an increase in the size of
the wind brace with no change in column size reduces the
first-story drift ratio to 0.002.
To reduce the drift ratio for the second story to 0.002
or less, Sheet 24, the bottom chord of the truss is increased
to the size of the top chord, and the verticals and diagonals
are increased to the size of the largest vertical and
diagonal.
CONCLUSIONS
Ii
E
AT
Fi
Ui
Li
Ai
DISCLAIMER
The material in this paper is intended for general
information only. Any use of this material in relation to
any specific application should be based on independent
examination and verification of its unrestricted availability
for such use, and a determination of suitability for the
application by professionally qualified personnel. No
license under any United States Steel Corporation patents
or other proprietary interest is implied by the publication
of this paper. Those making use of or relying upon the
material assume all risks and liability arising from such
use or reliance.
TT
BH/H
F Hi
U Hi
BH/V
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
APPENDIX A
EQUATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE
ss =
BV/AG c
B
=
=
V
=
A
=
Gc =
sB =
I
Ec
slab
BT
=
=
=
=
=
Mi
mi
=
=
APPENDIX B
DRIFT CALCULATIONS
See Calculation Sheets 1 through 24, following:
4
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BY
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DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO.
JOB NO.
OF
24
G ENERAL A RRANGEMENT
5
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
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CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
6
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
SHEET NO.
JOB NO.
OF
24
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO.
JOB NO.
OF
24
W IND LOAD
C UMULATIVE
W IND LOAD ,
E/N
S ECTION 1 S ECTION 2
INCREMENTAL
W IND LOAD ,
Wi
4.16 k
12.48 k
20.80
29.12
37.44
45.76
54.08
62.40
70.72
78.00
84.24
90.48
96.72
102.96
109.20
114.92
B AY W IDTH
= 24.0 T YPICAL
120.12
124.80
128.96
133.74*
726.44 k
2
660.92 k
2
1452.88 k
132184
. k
7
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO.
JOB NO.
O VERTURNING
S ECTION 1
S ECTION 2
8.67 *
= 209.9 k
60
1321.84 k @
8.67
= 191.0 k
60
1 ST S TORY
N O C HANGE = 191.0 k
O VERTORNING C HECK
1 R OOF @ 46.8 =
46.8 k
S ECT. 1
DL 1489
=
= 312
. ok
WL 477
S ECT. 2
DL 1489
=
= 7.80 ok
WL
191
* N OTE : S UMMING
TRUSS SHEARS AND MULTIPLYING BY THE TRUSS DEPTH TO SPAN RATIO IS ALGEBRAICALLY EQUIVALENT TO
OF
24
R OOF
20 TH F LOOR
19 TH F LOOR
18 TH F LOOR
OF
24
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
FLOOR
R OOF
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
S TORY
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
5, TABULATE TRUSS
S ECTION 1
T RUSS
W IND LOAD
@ FLOOR
W IND S HEAR
2.08 k
4.16
4.16
2.08 k
8.32
16.64
24.96
20.80
37.44
54.08
4.16
3.64
3.12
70.72
84.24
96.72
3.12
2.86
2.60
2.34
2.08
2.39
1.35
S ECTION 2
FLOOR S LAB
W IND LOAD
W IND S HEAR
@ FLOOR
109.20
120.12
128.96
133.74*
33.28
41.60
49.92
58.24
66.56
74.36
81.12
87.36
93.60
99.84
106.08
112.06
117.52
122.46
126.88
2.39*
T RUSS
W IND S HEAR
2.08 k
4.16
12.48 k
29.12
45.76
4.16
3.64
3.12
62.40
78.00
90.48
3.12
2.86
2.60
2.34
2.08
2.39
1.35
102.96
114.92
124.80
T RUSS W IND S HEAR FOR I B AY . T OTAL TRUSS SHEAR INCLUDES WIND LOAD FROM ADJACENT BAY.
* W IND SHEAR IN 2 ND STORY TRUSS TRANSFERS TO THE WIND BRACE IN THE 1 ST STORY . 2 ND FLOOR SLAB TRANSFERS ONLY
WIND LOAD FROM SECTION 2, 2 ND FLOOR TO SECTION 1.
10
M ATERIAL P ROPERTIES
U NIT W EIGHT OF C ONCRETE
- W c = 145 # /FT3
C ONCRETE 28-D AY C OMPRESSIVE S TRENGTH - f'c = 4000 psi
M ODULUS OF E LASTICITY - C ONCRETE - E C = W C 1.5 33 f c
= 145 33 4000 3.6 10 3 k / IN 2
E
3.6 10 3 k/IN 2
=
= 1.5 103 k/IN 2
2(1 + v)
2(1 + 0.2)
ES 29 10 3 k / IN 2
=
8
EC 3.6 10 3 k / IN 2
11
OF
24
DATE
DATE
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
B ENDING D ISPLACEMENT
ICONC =
ISTL
=
ITOT =
(3 IN ) (60 12 IN ) 3 = 93.3 10 6 IN . 4
2(10 IN 2 )(3012 IN ) 2 8 = 20.710 6
=114.010 6 IN . 4
1
12
SB =
10
. k (12 24IN ) 3
= 0.485 10 5 IN
12(3.6 10 3 k / IN 2 )(114 10 6 IN 4 )
T OTAL D ISPLACEMENT
SS
8.8910 5 IN
SB
0.4910 5 IN
SCAB =
9.3810 5 IN
12
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BY
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CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED -T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO.
JOB NO.
OF
24
M EMBER
S ECTION
M EMBER P ROPERTIES
A
Ix
Iy
(IN. 2 )
(IN. 4 )
(IN. 4 )
T OP C HORD
W1045
13.3
248.
53.4
B UTT. C HORD
W1039
11.5
209.
45.0
D IAGONAL D1
2C811.5
][
6.76
65.2
4.84
D2
2C68.2
][
4.80
26.2
2.64
D3
2C34.1
][
2.42
3.32
0.854
V ERTICAL V1
2C610.5
[]
6.18
30.4
21.4
V2
2C56.7
[]
8.94
14.98
10.0
V3
2C34.1
[]
2.42
3.32
4.02
13
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 10
JOB NO.
OF
24
V ERTICAL R EACTION = 10
. k
C HORD R EACTIONS
8.67
60
k
= 01445
.
14
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BY
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DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 11
JOB NO.
OF
24
Mimi
dx
EIi
1
1
1
1
+
+
BT = 0.02238
= 0.02238
248 209
I TOP I BOTT
BT = 1973
.
10 4 IN
15
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 12
JOB NO.
AT =
M EMBER
FUL
A
D IAGONAL
0.2083 k
0.2083
0.2778
0.1445
0.1686
0.0963
0.2083
0.2083
0.2778
0.1445
0.1686
0.0963
149.93
6.76IN 2
4.80
2.42
6.18
3.94
2.42
0.962 k/IN
1.355
4.781
0.351
0.750
0.399
V ERTICAL
104
E A =
FUL
FOR
A
T RUSS
FU L FOR FULL
A
T RUSS
C OMBINED D ISPLACEMENT
AT = 17.196 k / IN / 29000 = 5.930 10 -4 IN.
3
TT=0.79010 IN.
BT
= 1.973 10 -4
TR =0.000790 IN/KIP
16
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
8.598 k/IN
17.196 k/IN
OF
24
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 13
JOB NO.
OF
24
M EMBER
B OTT. C HD
0.50 k
0.35
0.20
0.50
0.35
0.20
108.IN.
FuL
A
A
11.5 IN 2
11.5
11.5
2.348k/IN
1.150
.
3874
0.376
2 = 7.748k/IN.
E A = 17.196k / IN.
24.944k / IN.
7.748
C OMBINED D ISPLACEMENT
AXIAL = 24.944 / 29000 = 8.601 10 4 IN
3
TOTAL = 1.057 10 IN.
BENDING = (FROM S HT. 11) = 1.973 10 4
TR 2ND = 0.001057 IN./KIP
W IND B RACE
FROM S HEET 3, 1 ST S TORY W IND LOAD 133.74 k /BAY 2BAYS = 267.48 k
D UE TO S YMMETRY - P ER KNEE B RACE = 133.74 k
FROM S HEET 4,2 ND S TORY C OL. LOAD (2 B AYS)= 209.9 k
H ORIZONTAL LOAD
V ERTICAL LOAD
17
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - TRUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 14
JOB NO.
OF
24
H ORIZONTAL D ISPLACEMENT
H ORIZ LOAD
M EMB
C OL
W.B.
BH / H =
F
+267.48 K
299.05
V ERT LOAD
U
+2
5
L
135 IN.
150.93
A
68.5 IN 2 .
8.82
M EMB
C OL
W.B.
FUL
12497 k / IN.
=
= 0.4309 IN.
AE
29000 k / IN.2
BH/V =
F
+209.9 K
0
U
+2
5
L
135 IN.
150.93
A
68.5 IN 2 .
8.82
FOL 827.3k/IN.
=
= 0.0285 IN.
AE 29000k/IN.2
V ERTICAL D ISPLACEMENT
V ERT LOAD
H ORIZ LOAD
M EMB
C OL
W.B.
BV/ H =
F
+267.48 K
299.05
U
+1
0
L
135 IN.
150.93
A
68.5 IN 2 .
8.82
M EMB
C OL
W.B.
FUL
527.2 k / IN.
=
= 0.0182IN.
AE
29000 k / IN.2
BV / V =
F
+209.9 K
0
U
+1
0
L
135 IN.
150.93
A
68.5 IN 2 .
8.82
FUL
413.7 k / IN.
=
= 0.0143 IN.
AE
29000 k / IN.2
18
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BY
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DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED. T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 15
JOB NO.
OF
24
S TORY
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
S LAB A BOVE
S HEAR,
D RIFT,
IN .
KIPS
8.32
24.96
41.60
58.24
74.36
87.36
99.84
112.06
122.46
WIND B RACE -
0.0008
0.0023
0.0039
0.0055
0.0070
0.0082
0.0094
0.0105
0.0115
S EE S HT. 14
T RUSS
S EE S HT. 8
S EE S HT. 12
S EE S HT. 13
S HEAR,*
KIPS
D RIFT,
IN .
S LAB B ELOW
S HEAR,
D RIFT,
IN .
KIPS
8.32
24.96
41.60
58.24
74.88
91.52
108.16
124.80
141.44
156.00
168.48
180.96
193.44
205.92
218.40
229.84
240.24
249.60
257.92
0.0066
0.0197
0.0329
0.0460
0.0592
0.0723
0.0854
0.0986
0.1117
0.1232
0.1331
0.1430
0.1528
0.1627
0.1725
0.1816
0.1898
0.1972
0.2726
16.64
33.28
49.92
66.56
81.12
93.60
106.08
117.52
126.88
-
0.0016
0.0031
0.0047
0.0062
0.0076
0.0088
0.0100
0.0110
0.0119
-
D RIFT
P ER
S TORY ,
IN .
0.0066
0.0221
0.0329
0.0514
0.0592
0.0809
0.0854
0.1103
0.1117
0.1378
0.1331
0.1600
0.1528
0.1821
0.1723
0.2031
0.1898
0.2206
0.2726
0.4309
19
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
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CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 16
JOB NO.
OF
S TORY
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
S LAB A BOVE
S HEAR,
D RIFT,
IN .
KIPS
2.08
0.0002
16.64
0.0016
33.28
0.0031
49.92
0.0047
66.56
0.0062
81.12
0.0076
93.60
0.0088
106.08
0.0100
117.52
0.0110
126.88
0.0119
2.39
0.0002
T RUSS
S EE S HT. 8
S EE S HT. 12
S EE S HT. 13
S LAB B ELOW
S HEAR,*
D RIFT,
S HEAR,
D RIFT,
IN .
IN .
KIPS
KIPS
8.32
0.0066
8.32
0.0008
24.96
0.0197
41.60
0.0329
24.96
0.0023
58.24
0.0460
74.88
0.0592
41.60
0.0039
91.52
0.0723
108.16
0.0854
58.24
0.0055
124.80
0.0986
141.44
0.1117
74.36
0.0070
156.00
0.1232
168.48
0.1331
87.36
0.0082
180.96
0.1430
193.44
0.1528
99.84
0.0094
205.92
0.1627
218.40
0.1725
112.06
0.0105
229.84
0.1816
240.24
0.1898
122.46
0.0115
249.60
0.1972
257.92
0.2726
2.39
0.0002
0.4309
D RIFT/W IND B RACE - S ECT. 1
20
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
D RIFT
P ER
S TORY ,
IN .
0.0076
0.0197
0.0368
0.0460
0.0662
0.0723
0.0956
0.0986
0.1249
0.1232
0.1489
0.1430
0.1710
0.1627
0.1930
0.1816
0.2123
0.1972
0.2843
0.4311
24
BY
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DATE
DATE
SUBJECT
C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED. T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 17
JOB NO.
OF
24
C + / STORY =
C+
C + / STORY )i
WHERE
i = 1,n
D/CLC
= [
D /CLC = 2
C+
C+
[ ] 60'8'80
C-
] DL
T
T
[ ] DL
=2
C+
C+
V ERT R EACT
=
T OTAL COLUMN LOAD IN A PARTICULAR STORY AS A RESULT OF WIND LOADS ACTING
ON ALL THE TRUSSES SUPPORTED BY THAT COLUMN SEGMENT.
CT / STORY
c+
=
=
D / CLC
CULAR TRUSS
T HE DISPLACEMENT OF A TRUSS IN A PORT CULAR STORY ( DRIFT PER STORY) CAUSED BY THE
SUM OF THE LENGTH CHANGES OF THE COLUMN SEGMENT SUPPORTING THAT TRUSS.
21
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
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CH KD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJEC T CALCULATION OF
WIND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERE D- T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO . 18
JOB NO.
OF
8'8
60FT.
S ECTIO N 1
S ECTIO N 2
S TORY
T RUSS*
S HEA R, k
V ERT
R EAC T, k
V ERT
R EAC T, k
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
8.32
41.60
74.88
108.16
141.44
168.48
193.44
218.40
240.24
257.92
1.202
6.009
10.816
15.623
20.430
24.336
27.941
31.547
34.701
37.255
1.202
7.211
18.027
33.650
54.080
78.416
106.357
137.904
172.605
209.860
S TORY
T RUSS*
S HEA R, k
V ERT
R EAC T, k
V ERT
R EAC T, k
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
24.96
58.24
91.52
124.80
156.00
180.96
205.92
229.84
249.60
3.605
8.412
13.220
18.027
22.533
26.139
29.744
33.199
36.053
3.605
12.017
25.237
43.264
65.797
91.936
121.680
154.879
190.932
22
ENG INEER ING JOURNA L / AMER ICAN INSTITUTE O F STEE L CONSTRUCT ION
24
BY
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CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED. T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 19
JOB NO.
OF
24
S TORY
C OLUMN
S ECTION
C OLUMN
A REA , IN 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
W14233
W14233
W14211
W14211
W14193
W14193
W14159
W14159
W14145
W14145
W14120
W14120
W1490
W1490
W1474
W1474
W1453
W1453
W1443
W1443
68.5
68.5
62.0
62.0
56.8
56.8
46.7
46.7
42.7
42.7
35.3
35.3
26.5
26.5
21.8
21.8
15.6
15.6
12.6
12.6
V ERT
R EACT, K
209.86
209.86
172.61
172.61
137.90
137.90
106.36
106.36
78.42
78.42
54.08
54.08
33.65
33.65
18.03
18.03
7.21
7.21
1.20
1.20
C+
S TORY , IN .
C +, IN . .
0.0325*
0.0110
0.0100
0.0100
0.0087
0.0087
0.0082
0.0082
0.0066
0.0066
0.0055
0.0055
0.0046
0.0046
0.0030
0.0030
0.0017
0.0017
0.0003
0.0003
0.0325
0.0435
0.0535
0.0635
0.0722
0.0809
0.0891
0.0973
0.1039
0.1105
0.1160
0.1215
0.1261
0.1307
0.1337
0.1367
0.1384
0.1401
0.1404
0.1407
P ER S TORY
D RIFT
( D/CLC ),
IN .
0.0285*
0.0126
0.0183
0.0234
0.0281
0.0319
0.0351
0.0378
0.0395
0.0405
0.0406
23
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED - T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 20
JOB NO.
OF
24
S TORY
V ERT
R EACT, K
C OLUMN*
A REA , IN 2
C+
S TORY , IN .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
190.93
190.93
190.93
154.88
154.88
121.68
121.68
91.94
91.94
65.80
65.80
43.26
43.26
25.24
25.24
12.02
12.02
3.61
3.61
-
68.5
68.5
62.0
62.0
56.8
56.8
46.7
46.7
42.7
42.7
35.3
35.3
26.5
26.5
21.8
21.8
15.6
15.6
12.6
12.6
0.0130
0.0100
0.0110
0.0090
0.0098
0.0077
0.0093
0.0071
0.0077
0.0055
0.0067
0.0044
0.0059
0.0034
0.0042
0.0020
0.0028
0.0008
0.0010
-
C +, IN .
P ER S TORY
D RIFT
( D /CLC ), IN .
0.0130
0.0230
0.0340
0.0430
0.0528
0.0605
0.0698
0.0769
0.0846
0.0901
0.0968
0.1012
0.1071
0.1105
0.1147
0.1167
0.1195
0.1203
0.1213
0.1213
0.0098
0.0153
0.0202
0.0244
0.0280
0.0309
0.0331
0.0345
0.0350
-
0.0285
0.0126
0.0098
0.0183
0.0153
0.0234
0.0202
0.0281
0.0244
0.0319
0.0280
0.0351
0.0309
0.0378
0.0331
0.0395
0.0345
0.0405
0.0350
0.0406
24
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED. T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 21
JOB NO.
OF
24
C OL LGTH
T OTAL D RIFT
T OTAL
S TORY
D RIFT
C HG
P ER S TORY
D RIFT
D RIFT
R ATIO
P ER S TORY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.4309
0.2726
0.2206
0.1898
0.2031
0.1723
0.1821
0.1528
0.1600
0.1331
0.1378
0.1117
0.1103
0.0854
0.0809
0.0592
0.0514
0.0329
0.0221
0.0066
0.0285
0.0126
0.0098
0.0183
0.0153
0.0234
0.0202
0.0281
0.0244
0.0319
0.0280
0.0351
0.0309
0.0378
0.0331
0.395
0.0345
0.0405
0.0350
0.0406
0.4594
0.2852
0.2304
0.2081
0.2184
0.1957
0.2023
0.1809
0.1844
0.1650
0.1658
0.1468
0.1412
0.1232
0.1140
0.0987
0.0859
0.0734
0.0571
0.0472
0.4594
0.7446
0.9750
1.1831
1.4015
1.5972
1.7995
1.9804
2.1648
2.3298
2.4956
2.6424
2.7836
2.9068
3.0208
3.1195
3.2054
3.2788
3.3359
3.3831
0.0034
0.0027
0.0022
0.0020
0.0021
0.0019
0.0019
0.0017
0.0018
0.0016
0.0016
0.0014
0.0014
0.0012
0.0011
0.0009
0.0008
0.0007
0.0005
0.0005
25
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED. T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 22
JOB NO.
S TORY
S TRUCT
D RIFT
C OL LGTH
C HANGE
T OTAL D RIFT
P ER S TORY
T OTAL
D RIFT
D RIFT R ATIO
P ER S TORY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.4311
0.2843
0.1972
0.2123
0.1816
0.1930
0.1627
0.1710
0.1430
0.1489
0.1232
0.1249
0.0986
0.0956
0.0723
0.0662
0.0460
0.0368
0.0197
0.0076
0.0285
0.0126
0.0098
0.0183
0.0153
0.0234
0.0202
0.0281
0.0244
0.0319
0.0280
0.0351
0.0309
0.0378
0.0331
0.0395
0.0345
0.0405
0.0350
0.0406
0.4596
0.2969
0.2070
0.2306
0.1969
0.2164
0.1829
0.1991
0.1674
0.1808
0.1512
0.1600
0.1295
0.1334
0.1054
0.1057
0.0805
0.0773
0.0547
0.0482
0.4596
0.7565
0.9635
1.1941
1.3910
1.6074
1.7903
1.9894
2.1568
2.3376
2.4888
2.6488
2.7783
2.9117
3.0171
3.1228
3.2033
3.2806
3.3353
3.3835
0.0034
0.0029
0.0020
0.0022
0.0019
0.0021
0.0018
0.0019
0.0016
0.0017
0.0015
0.0015
0.0012
0.0013
0.0010
0.0010
0.0008
0.0007
0.0005
0.0005
3.3835
= 0.0016
2111.
26
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
OF
24
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED. T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 23
JOB NO.
OF
24
C ONTROL OF D RIFT
1 ST S TORY
INCREACE2C1030
R EFER TO S HEET 14. C ONSIDER ONLY H ORIZONTAL D ISPLACEMENT OF THE KNEE B RACE CAUSED BY H ORIZONTAL LOAD .
H ORIZ. LOAD
M EMB
C OL
K.B R .
F
+267.48 k
299.05
U
+2
5
L
135 IN .
150.93
S H/ H =
AE
FUL
FUL
A
1054.3
S721.4
A
68.5 IN . 2
17.64
FUL
A
6775.7
6775.7
= 0.2336 IN.
29000
= 0.4309(S HT 14)
IN.
.
01973
+ 0.2336
R EVISED D RIFT
S ECTION 1
S ECTION 2
O RIGINAL D RIFT =
0.4594 IN .
1 ST S TORY D RIFT = 0.1973
IMPROVED D RIFT =
0.2621 IN .
0.2621
D RIFT R ATIO =
= 0.0019
135
O RIGINAL D RIFT =
0.4596 IN .
1 ST S TORY D RIFT= 0.1973
IMPROVED D RIFT = 0.2623 IN .
0.2623
D RIFT R ATIO =
= 0.0019
135
27
FIRST QUARTER / 1983
BY
R EL
CHKD. BY
DATE
DATE
SUBJECT C ALCULATION OF
W IND D RIFT IN
S TAGGERED. T RUSS B UILDINGS
SHEET NO. 24
JOB NO.
C ONTROL OF D RIFT
2 ND S TORY T RUSS
2 ND S TORY D RIFT R ATIO A PPROACHES 0.003
T O A TTAIN A D RIFT R ATIO OF 0.002, USE 2 C 811.5 FOR ALL D IAGS
2C610.5 FOR ALL V ERTS
W1045 FOR B OTT. C HD
N OTE: N O NEW S HAPES A DDED TO THE P ROJECT .
A XIAL E FFECTS (V IRTUAL W ORK )
M EMBER
T OP C HORD
D IAGONAL
V ERTICAL
B ETT. C HORD
F
O
0.2083 k
0.2083
0.2778
0.1445
0.1686
0.0963
0.5000
0.3500
0.2000
0.2083
0.2083
0.2778
0.1445
0.1686
0.0963
0.5000
0.3500
0.2000
149.93 IN
6.76 IN 2
104
6.18
108
13.3
E A =
FUL
A
FUL
A
0.962 K /IN .
0.962
1.712
0.351
0.478
0.156
2.030
0.995
0.325
( 1 2 TRUSS)
7.971 K /IN .
FUL
(FULL T RUSS)
A
15.942 K /IN .
C OMBINED D ISPLACEMENT
AXIAL
BENDING
= 0.550 10 -3 IN
= 0.730 10 3 IN
4
3 TR
= 2 0.902 10 (S HT. 11) = 0.180 10
= 15.942 / 29000
S ECTION 1
S ECTION 2
TRUSS = 01883
.
S LAB = 0.0117
0.2009 IN.
D RIFT R ATIO =
COL L.C HG
0.2009
= 0.0019
104
D RIFT R ATIO =
0.2000
0.2126IN.
0.0126
0.2126
= 0.0020
104
28
ENGINEERING JOURNAL / AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
OF
24