Ppt07 Clarifications

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment
PPT07
Clarifications
Abdelghani Meslem & Dominik Lang

Department of Earthquakes and the Environment
NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway
Content
o Set Mass Source for Modal Analysis
o How to determine if higher modes are significant
o Gound motion selection and scaling for for nonlinear time history
o Second-order effects (P-Delta effects)
A. Meslem & D. Lang
NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014
Set Mass Source for Modal Analysis

Define
Mass Source...
From Element and Additional Masses and Loads
G + 0.3 Q G = 1
Q = 0.3
A. Meslem & D. Lang
Set Mass Source for Modal Analysis

in new version of SAP2000
A. Meslem & D. Lang
in old version of SAP2000
Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

shall be permitted for structures in which higher mode effects are not
significant.
To determine if higher modes are significant:
Step 1: Perform modal analysis to identify number of modes required to

obtain 90% mass participation;
Step 2: a modal response spectrum analysis shall be performed for the

structure using sufficient modes to capture 90% mass participation;
Step 3: a second modal response spectrum analysis shall also be

performed, considering only the first mode participation;
Higher mode effects shall be considered significant if the shear in any

story resulting from the modal analysis considering modes required to
obtain 90% mass participation exceeds 130% of the corresponding story
shear considering only the first mode response.
A. Meslem & D. Lang

Step 1: Modal analysis
select the number of

modes to be considered
A. Meslem & D. Lang

n
Modal participation factor of mode k:
m
j 1
n
j ,i
2
m
j j ,i
j 1
= 0,90
A. Meslem & D. Lang
0,98
first torsional
mode is 3rd

4 modes to be
considered
A. Meslem & D. Lang
Step 2: a modal response spectrum analysis shall be performed for the structure
using sufficient modes to capture 90% mass participation
Mode shape i:
n,1
j+1,1
j,3
Sa,d (T1)
Sa,d (T2)
Sa.d (T3)
T1
A. Meslem & D. Lang
n,3
j,2
Spectral acceleration Sa
Design spectral accelerations Sa(Ti )/g for each mode i :
j+1,3
j+1,2
j,1
n,2
T2
T3
Period T [sec]
Fj,i m j j,i i S a,d (Ti )
Mode shape i:
n,1
j+1,1
j,1
j,3
j,2
Fn,3
Fj+1,2
Fj,2
Fj,1
Fj+1,3
Fj,3
resulting shear forces Fb,m :
n,3
j+1,3
j+1,2
Fj+1,1
A. Meslem & D. Lang
n,2
Fn,2
Fn,1
EN 1998-1:2004, 4.3.3.3
Fb ,m
F
i1
2
b ,m ,i
Fj,i m j j,i i S a,d (Ti )
F3,1= 60.3
F1,1 = 100 0.30 1.426 0.846 = 36.2 kN

F2,1 = 75 0.644 1.426 0.846 = 58.3 kN
F3,1 = 50 1.00 1.426 0.846 = 60.3 kN
F2,1 = 58.3
F1,1 = 36.2
F3,2 = 46.3
F1,2 = 100 (0.676) (0.511) 1.813 = 62.6 kN

F2,2 = 75 (0.601) (0.511) 1.813 = 41.8 kN
F3,2 = 50 1.00 (0.511) 1.813 = 46.3 kN
F2,2 = 41.8
F1,2 = 62.6
F3,3 = 9.5
F1,3 = 100 2.47 0.090 2.115 = 47.0 kN

F2,3 = 75 (2.57) 0.090 2.115 = 36.7 kN
F3,3 = 50 1.00 0.090 2.115 = 9.5 kN
A. Meslem & D. Lang
F2,3 = 36.7
F1,3 = 47.0
Fb ,m
A. Meslem & D. Lang
F
i1
2
b ,m ,i
A. Meslem & D. Lang
A number of ways to combine modes given direction including CQC, SRSS,..and others...
Response spectrum will be applied as an acceleration in U1 (UX) direction using the
previously defined curve EC-8-B
A. Meslem & D. Lang
A. Meslem & D. Lang
A. Meslem & D. Lang
A. Meslem & D. Lang
A. Meslem & D. Lang

Step 3: a second modal response spectrum analysis shall also be performed,
considering only the first mode participation
1 mode to be
considered
A. Meslem & D. Lang

If
higher mode effects are significant, the nonlinear static method shall
be permitted if a linear dynamic analysis is also performed to
supplement the NSP (i.e. to verify the adequacy of the design).
Regularity vs. allowed simplification model in nonlinear static analysis

Regularity
Plan
Elevation
A. Meslem & D. Lang
Allowed simplification in model

Planar (2D)
Spatial (3D)
EN 1998-1:2004, 4.3.3.4.2
Nonlinear time history analysis

This
approach is the most rigorous, and is required by some building

codes for buildings of unusual configuration or of special importance .
A. Meslem & D. Lang

the
calculated response can be very sensitive to the characteristics of

the individual ground motion used as seismic input; therefore, several
analyses are required using different ground motion records to achieve
a reliable estimation of the probabilistic distribution of structural
response.
Since
the properties of the seismic response depend on the intensity,

or severity, of the seismic shaking, a comprehensive assessment calls
for numerous nonlinear dynamic analyses at various levels of intensity
to represent different possible earthquake scenarios.
A. Meslem & D. Lang

Ground motion selection and scaling
Accelerograms to be used in non-linear time history analysis shall
be selected according to EN 1998-1, 3.2.3.1 ( Session III)
Determination of Response Parameters:
N - number of accelerograms used in non-linear time history analysis
N 7
Response Computation
yes
no
Use average of the response quantities
Use the most unfavorable value of the

response quantity amongst all motions
A. Meslem & D. Lang
EN 1998-1:2004, 4.3.3.4.3

The suite of recorded or simulated/artificial accelerograms should observe the
following rules:
The duration of the accelerograms shall be consistent with the magnitude
and the other relevant features of the seismic event underlying the
establishment of ag;
The values are scaled to the value of ag.S for the zone under consideration;
in the range of periods between 0,2T1 and 2T1, where T1 is the fundamental
period of the structure in the direction where the accelerogram will be
applied;
no value of the mean 5% damping elastic spectrum, calculated from all time
histories, should be less than 90% of the corresponding value of the 5%
damping elastic response spectrum;
A. Meslem & D. Lang

The parameters (that have the most influence on ground motion spectral shape)
that need to be considered in selecting records :
Magnitude range of anticipated significant event;
Distance range of the site from the causative fault;

Site Condition (i.e. looking at the average shear velocity);
Basin effect (if basin exists)
A. Meslem & D. Lang

Select pairs of ground motion records to perform dynamic response history analysis.
The use of 11 pairs of motions (i.e. 22 motions set) is recommended;
For each ground motion pair, run analysis: the amplitude should be incremented, and
nonlinear response history analysis performed until the occurrence
A. Meslem & D. Lang

A. Meslem & D. Lang
Complete Damage
Extensive Damage
Moderate Damage
Slight Damage
Step 1: Run nonlinear static analysis (pushover) and identify the different damage
states.

Step 2: For each selected ground motion, run nonlinear time history analysis
Slight
Damage
Moderate
Damage
Extensive
Damage
Complete
Damage
1, 1.5, 2, .3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4, 4.5, 5.0.6.1, 6.2, 6.3, .7, 7.5, 8, .9.1, 9.2, 9.3, ..10, 10.5, 11.0.12.1, 12.2, 12.3
Use scaling to increase the IM level of the ground motion records, until all the limit
states are reached as defined above. Details on scaling procedures that the analyst
may implement are beyond the scope of these guidelines. Reference on this matter
can be made to ATC-58 (FEMA P-58, 2012)
A. Meslem & D. Lang

Use scaling to increase the IM

level of the ground motion
records
A. Meslem & D. Lang

Mean Curve
A. Meslem & D. Lang
Second-order Effects (P- effects)
Structures in real life are flexible and can exhibit large

lateral displacements in unusual circumstances. The lateral
displacements can be caused by wind or seismically
induced inertial forces.
Gravity loading will influence structural response under

significant lateral displacement.
P- may contribute to loss of lateral resistance, ratcheting

of residual deformations, and dynamic instability.
A. Meslem & D. Lang
Second-order effects (P- effects) need not be taken into account if the following
condition is fulfilled in all storeys:
Ptot d r
0,10
Vtot h
EN 1998-1:2004, 4.4.2.2
= is the interstorey drift sensitivity coefficient;
Ptot
= is the total gravity load at and above the storey considered in the seismic design
situation;
dr
= is the design interstorey drift, evaluated as the difference of the average lateral
displacements ds at the top and bottom of the storey under consideration and
calculated in accordance with Chapter 4.3.4;
Vtot
= is the total seismic storey shear; and
= is the interstorey height.
A. Meslem & D. Lang
If 0,1 < 0,2, the second-order effects may approximately be taken into account by
multiplying the relevant seismic action effects by a factor equal to 1/(1 - ).
value of the coefficient shall not exceed 0,3
A. Meslem & D. Lang

Use P-Delta in SAP2000
A. Meslem & D. Lang
Contact details
Abdelghani Meslem, Dominik Lang

Department of Earthquakes and the Environment
NORSAR, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
Phone: (+47) 974 10 740 (Dr. Meslem)
(+47) 988 42 924 (Dr. Lang)
E-mail: abdelghani.meslem@norsar.no
dominik.lang@norsar.no
Web: http://www.norsar.no

Ppt07 Clarifications

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Seismic Vulnerability Assessment

Abdelghani Meslem & Dominik Lang

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Set Mass Source for Modal Analysis

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Set Mass Source for Modal Analysis

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

in old version of SAP2000

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

Step 1: Perform modal analysis to identify number of modes required to

Step 2: a modal response spectrum analysis shall be performed for the

Step 3: a second modal response spectrum analysis shall also be

Higher mode effects shall be considered significant if the shear in any

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

select the number of

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

Modal participation factor of mode k:

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

A. Meslem & D. Lang

Design spectral accelerations Sa(Ti )/g for each mode i :

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

resulting shear forces Fb,m :

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

A. Meslem & D. Lang

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

F1,1 = 100 0.30 1.426 0.846 = 36.2 kN

F1,2 = 100 (0.676) (0.511) 1.813 = 62.6 kN

F1,3 = 100 2.47 0.090 2.115 = 47.0 kN

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

A. Meslem & D. Lang

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria

NORSAR Kjeller (Norway) 2014

Nonlinear static analysis: Criteria