Design of CANTILEVER Retaining Wall to BS8110 : Part 1 : 1985

Project title
Design by
Date

:
:
:

PWC
Denise
7/31/2014

(1) Specification of Material

Unit weight of concrete
Unit weight of soil

Wall type
Checked By
Time

=
=

:
:
:

24.00 kN/m3
17.66 kN/m3

(2) Wall Dimemsions

Height of wall, Ha
Thickness of wall (top), tt
Thickness of wall (bottom), tb
Width of outer footing, Wo
Width of inner footing, Wi
Total width of footing, W
Thickness of footing, tf
Height of nib (key), Hn
Thickness of nib, tn

Distance from "A" to centre of nib

(3) External Loads
(3.1) Active Pressure

Height of backfill, Ha

Angle of slope of bank

Max. height of backfill above footing
Surcharge
(3.2) Passive Pressure

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.97
230.00
230.00
0.00
770.00
1000.00
230.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

=
=
=
=

1.97
0.00
1.97
0.00

Height of backfill, Hp =

m
degree
m
kN/m2

1.05 m

Active surcharge
||||| ||||| ||||
////
///
////
////
Top of wall
+---+
| |
Backfill
| |
| |
| |
| |
Passive face
| |
Active face
(Batter / Vertical)
| |
(Vertical)
| |
| |
----------------- ----------------- | |
Hp ///
////////
| |
"B" (centre of footing)
+-------------- + +--------------+
Outer footing |
|
Inner footing
+-------------- + +--------------+
"A " Nib
| |
Hn "C"
+---+
Typical Arrangement of Retaining Wall

m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

----|
|
|
|
Ha
|
|
|
|
-----

L type
Leong
06:59:27

(4) Wall Stability

(4.1) Soil parameters
Allowable bearing pressure, pa
Internal angle of friction
Coefficient of friction

=
=
=

100.00 kN/m2
30.00 degree
0.50

a (TABLE 19 : REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK) =

Coefficient of active soil pressure,ka =
Coefficient of passive soil pressure,kp =

0.50
0.33
3.00

(4.2) Stability Calculations

Active Pressure:
Height of soil from base =
Equivalent height of surcharge, Heq =
Total equivalent height of soil =
Pressure at top of wall =
Pressure at base =

2.20
0.00
2.20
0.00
12.95

Passive Pressure:
Total height of soil from base of nib
Eff. ht. of soil (Ignored top 250 mm )
Horizontal pressure at base

1.28 m
0.80 m
42.38 kN/m2

Load

=
=
=

m
m
m
kN/m2
kN/m2

Horizontal
(kN)

Distance
(m)

Moment @ "A" & "C"

(kNm)

Active pressure:
Uniform
Triangular

0.0
14.2

1.10
0.73

0.0
-10.4

Passive pressure:
Triangular

-17.0

0.27

4.5

Total

-2.7

-5.9

Vertical Load
(KN)

Distance From "A"

(m)

Moment About "A"

(KNm)

Wall (rectangle portion)

Wall (triangle portion)
Nib
Base
Active backfill (rectangle)
Active backfill (triangle)
Active surcharge
Passive backfill
Other

10.9
0.0
0.0
5.5
26.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.12
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.62
0.74
0.62
0.00
0.00

1.3
0.0
0.0
2.8
16.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Active pressure (rectangle)

Active pressure (triangle)

0.0
0.0

1.00
1.00

0.0
0.0

Total

43.2
Area of footing, A
Modulus of elasticity, Z
Maximum pressure at "A", Pmax
Pressure below out face of wall
Pressure below inner face of wall
Minimum pressure at "C", Pmin
Forces resisting sliding,
Factor of safety against sliding
Factor of safety against overturning

20.5
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.00
0.17
85.37
85.37
65.97
0.99
38.55
2.71
3.46

m2
m3
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN

< P O.K.

> 0 O.K.
>1.50 O.K.
>1.50 O.K.

(5) Structural Design

(a) Specification
Grade of steel bar, fy =
Grade of concrete, fcu =
(b) Wall Steel
(I) Main and Secondary Reinforcement
Concrete cover
Pressure at base of wall
Pressure at top of backfill
Maximum shear, V
Maximum moment, M
Diameter of main steel bar
Diameter of secondary steel bar
Effective depth, d
Ratio M/fcubd2
Lever arm, z
Area of steel required, As.req
Minimum area of steel required, As.min
Spacing of main reinforcement
Provide main reinforcement at spacing
Area of steel provided, As.prov
Spacing of secondary reinforcement
Provide secondary reinf' at spacing
Shear stress at base of wall, v
Allowable shear stress, vc

500.00 kN/m2
30.00 kN/m2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

40.00
17.40
0.00
17.13
11.25
10.00
10.00
185.00
0.01
175.75
134.78
345.00
227.65
200.00
392.70
227.65
200.00
0.09
0.50

mm
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN
kNm
mm
mm
mm

=
=
=
=
=
=

18.75
10.65
0.33
107.25 N/mm2
2.00
37.50 O.K.

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

40.00
32.29
7.62
10.00
10.00
185.00
0.01
175.75
91.24
345.00
227.65
200.00
392.70
227.65
200.00
0.17
0.50
402.17

O.K.
mm
mm2/m
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
N/mm2
N/mm2

O.K.

O.K.
> v O.K.

(II) Deflection
Basic l/d ratio
Actual l/d ratio
M/bd2 ratio
Service stress of steel, fy
Modification factor for tension steel
Allowable l/d ratio
(c) Inner Footing
Concrete cover
Shear at face of wall, V
Moment at face of wall, M
Diameter of main steel bar
Diameter of secondary steel bar
Effective depth, d
Ratio M/fcubd2
Lever arm, z
Area of steel required, As.req
Minimum area of steel required, As.min
Spacing of main reinforcement
Provide main reinforcement at spacing
Area of steel provided, As.prov
Spacing of secondary reinforcement
Provide secondary reinf' at spacing
Shear stress at base of wall, v
Allowable shear stress, vc
Anchorage length required

mm
kN
kNm
mm
mm
mm
O.K.
mm
mm2/m
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

O.K.

O.K.
> v O.K.

Design of CANTILEVER Retaining Wall to BS8110 : Part 1 : 1985

Project title
Design by
Date

:
:
:

PWC
teoh
12/22/2014

(1) Specification of Material

Unit weight of concrete
Unit weight of soil

Wall type
Checked By
Time

=
=

:
:
:

L type
Leong
06:59:27

24.00 kN/m3
17.66 kN/m3

(2) Wall Dimemsions

Height of wall, Ha
Thickness of wall (top), tt
Thickness of wall (bottom), tb
Width of outer footing, Wo
Width of inner footing, Wi
Total width of footing, W
Thickness of footing, tf
Height of nib (key), Hn
Thickness of nib, tn

Distance from "A" to centre of nib

(3) External Loads
(3.1) Active Pressure

Height of backfill, Ha

Angle of slope of bank

Max. height of backfill above footing
Surcharge
(3.2) Passive Pressure

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

2.97
230.00
230.00
0.00
1970.00
2200.00
230.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

=
=
=
=

2.97
0.00
2.97
0.00

Height of backfill, Hp =

m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

m
degree
m
kN/m2

1.05 m

Active surcharge
||||| ||||| ||||
////
///
////
////
Top of wall
+---+
| |
Backfill
| |
| |
| |
| |
Passive face
| |
Active face
(Batter / Vertical)
| |
(Vertical)
| |
| |
----------------- ----------------- | |
Hp ///
////////
| |
"B" (centre of footing)
+-------------- + +--------------+
Outer footing |
|
Inner footing
+-------------- + +--------------+
"A " Nib
| |
Hn "C"
+---+

----|
|
|
|
Ha
|
|
|
|
-----

Typical Arrangement of Retaining Wall

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/316810084.xls

Page4

(4) Wall Stability

(4.1) Soil parameters
Allowable bearing pressure, pa
Internal angle of friction
Coefficient of friction

=
=
=

100.00 kN/m2
30.00 degree
0.50

a (TABLE 19 : REYNOLD'S HANDBOOK) =

Coefficient of active soil pressure,ka =
Coefficient of passive soil pressure,kp =

0.50
0.33
3.00

(4.2) Stability Calculations

Active Pressure:
Height of soil from base =
Equivalent height of surcharge, Heq =
Total equivalent height of soil =
Pressure at top of wall =
Pressure at base =

3.20
0.00
3.20
0.00
18.84

Passive Pressure:
Total height of soil from base of nib
Eff. ht. of soil (Ignored top 250 mm )
Horizontal pressure at base

1.28 m
0.80 m
42.38 kN/m2

Load

=
=
=

m
m
m
kN/m2
kN/m2

Horizontal
(kN)

Distance
(m)

Moment @ "A" & "C"

(kNm)

Active pressure:
Uniform
Triangular

0.0
30.1

1.60
1.07

0.0
-32.1

Passive pressure:
Triangular

-17.0

0.27

4.5

Total

13.2

-27.6

Vertical Load
(kN)

Distance From "A"

(m)

Moment About "A"

(kNm)

Wall (rectangle portion)

Wall (triangle portion)
Nib
Base
Active backfill (rectangle)
Active backfill (triangle)
Active surcharge
Passive backfill
Other

16.4
0.0
0.0
12.1
103.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0.12
0.00
0.00
1.10
1.22
1.54
1.22
0.00
0.00

1.9
0.0
0.0
13.4
125.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Active pressure (rectangle)

Active pressure (triangle)

0.0
0.0

2.20
2.20

0.0
0.0

Total

131.9
Area of footing, A
Modulus of elasticity, Z
Maximum pressure at "A", Pmax
Pressure below out face of wall
Pressure below inner face of wall
Minimum pressure at "C", Pmin
Forces resisting sliding,
Factor of safety against sliding
Factor of safety against overturning

140.8
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

2.20
0.81
99.48
99.48
91.21
20.40
82.89
2.75
5.10

m2
m3
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN

< P O.K.

> 0 O.K.
>1.50 O.K.
>1.50 O.K.

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/316810084.xls

Page5

(5) Structural Design

(a) Specification
Grade of steel bar, fy =
Grade of concrete, fcu =
(b) Wall Steel
(I) Main and Secondary Reinforcement
Concrete cover
Pressure at base of wall
Pressure at top of backfill
Maximum shear, V
Maximum moment, M
Diameter of main steel bar
Diameter of secondary steel bar
Effective depth, d
Ratio M/fcubd2
Lever arm, z
Area of steel required, As.req
Minimum area of steel required, As.min
Spacing of main reinforcement
Provide main reinforcement at spacing
Area of steel provided, As.prov
Spacing of secondary reinforcement
Provide secondary reinf' at spacing
Shear stress at base of wall, v
Allowable shear stress, vc

500.00 kN/m2
30.00 kN/m2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

40.00
26.23
0.00
38.94
38.55
12.00
10.00
184.00
0.04
174.80
464.35
345.00
243.56
200.00
565.49
227.65
200.00
0.21
0.57

mm
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN
kNm
mm
mm
mm

=
=
=
=
=
=

18.75
16.14
1.14
256.61 N/mm2
1.41
26.41 O.K.

O.K.
mm
mm2/m
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
N/mm2
N/mm2

O.K.

O.K.
> v O.K.

(II) Deflection
Basic l/d ratio
Actual l/d ratio
M/bd2 ratio
Service stress of steel, fy
Modification factor for tension steel
Allowable l/d ratio
(c) Inner Footing
Concrete cover
Shear at face of wall, V
Moment at face of wall, M
Diameter of main steel bar
Diameter of secondary steel bar
Effective depth, d
Ratio M/fcubd2
Lever arm, z
Area of steel required, As.req
Minimum area of steel required, As.min
Spacing of main reinforcement
Provide main reinforcement at spacing
Area of steel provided, As.prov
Spacing of secondary reinforcement
Provide secondary reinf' at spacing
Shear stress at base of wall, v
Allowable shear stress, vc
Anchorage length required

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

40.00
148.59
112.01
20.00
10.00
180.00
0.12
152.86
1542.71
345.00
203.64
150.00
2094.40
227.65
200.00
0.83
0.89
804.35

mm
kN
kNm
mm
mm
mm
O.K.
mm
mm2/m
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
mm2/m
mm C/C
mm C/C
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

O.K.

O.K.
> v O.K.

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/316810084.xls

Page6