Defects Atlas for surface defects on Cold Rolled Steel

Defects A-D | Defects E-K | Defects L-R | Defects S-Z

This page is primarily meant to introduce non-experts to some of the types of defects
that arise in Cold Rolling. The images used in these atlas were taken under varying
lighting conditions at the very initial phases of the Surface Defect Inspection Project.
List of Defects

SCAB

SCRATCH

SLIVER

SPM_II

UNDER PICKLING

WAVINESS

ANNEAL COLOR

BLACK PATCH

COIL BREAK

HOLE

INDENT

IRON PARTICLES

Anneal Color

LAMINATION

Defect Description:

PARALLEL BAND IMPRESSION

Coloured markings usually found along the coil edges in hood annealed material. The
colour can vary from light brown to deep blue.

PINCH MARK

ROLL MARK

ROLLED IN SCALE

RUPTURE

RUST

Possible Causes:

High oxygen content in the protective gas for annealing.

Leakage in sand sealing base.

Sudden drop of protective gas pressure causing sucking in of air.

Remedial Measures:

Prevent Leakage during hood annealing.

Ensure protective gas has low O2 content.

Possibilities of confusion with other defects:

They could be mistaken for prominent oil marks or light grease marks
Attribute
Shop name
Movement &
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera
Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type
Attribute
Shop name
Movement &
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Shearing Line
Stationary, Flat
Sodium
infinity
Centre/Mid
5'
Left/Down
Yes
Color
Value
Shearing Line
Stationary, Flat
Sodium
infinity
Centre/Mid
7'
Centre/Down
Yes
B&W

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting

Value
Tandem mill
Stationary,
Coil
Portable
Flourescent
Light Distance
7'
Light Angle
Right/Mid
Camera Distance 5'
Camera Angle
Centre/Mid
Flash Used
No
Pic Type
Color
Attribute
Shop name
Movement &
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Steel Cutter
Stationary, Flat
Ambient
Infinity
Ambient Lighting
5'
Left/Down
Yes
Color

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera
Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Steel Cutter
Stationary, Flat

Degreasing of coil surface by Electrolytic cleaning line after Tandem

Mill.

Possibilities of confusion with other defects:

Ambient
Infinity
Ambient Lighting
5'
Centre/Down
Yes
Color

BLACK PATCH
Defect Description:
Dark black stains on the surface distributed either as bands/clusters. They are
generally of irregular shape and can vary from small to reasonably big sizes, can
appear on both sides.
Possible Causes:
Oil/emulsion residues on the strip surface which get transformed to carbon residue
durind hood annealing
Remedial Measures:

Emulsion wiping after Tandem Mill air-jets.

Dark and prominent black patches mistaken for grease marks.

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Tandem mill
Stationary, Coil

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera
Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Tandem mill
Stationary, Coil

Ambient
Infinity
Ambient
5'
Centre/Mid
Yes
Color

Ambient
Infinity
Ambient
5'
Centre/Mid
Yes
Color

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Tandem mill
Stationary, Coil

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera
Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Tandem mill
Stationary, Coil

Ambient
Infinity
Ambient
4'
Centre/Mid
Yes
BW

Ambient
Infinity
Ambient
8'
Centre/Down
Yes
Color

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera
Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Slitting Line
Stationary, Flat
Ambient
Infinity
Ambient
5'
Centre/Down
Yes
Color

COIL BREAK
Defect Description:
Creases/Ridges, transverse to the rolling direction. Generally covers total width of the
strip. It may also be found near the edges with regular or irregular spacing. Formed
during uncoiling of the strip after annealing.
Possible Causes:

High yield point elongation particularly with low yield strength values.

Higher bending stresses induced in strip due to smaller diameter of

guide rolls (S-rolls) and greater strip thickness.

Remedial Measures:
Increase speed of uncoiling at SPM, particularly for thicker guages.

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera
Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Shearing Line
Stationary, Flat
Ambient
Infinity
Centre/Mid
5'
Centre/Mid
Yes
B&W

HOLE
Defect Description:
Holes are discontinuities of the material extending from the top to the bottom.
Generally, they have localized presence on the strip surface and can be present
randomly.
Size: Usually varies from 1 to 40 mm, sometimes even bigger.
Shape: Irregular.
Possible Causes:
Seperation of Rolled in Scab/External Matter.

Mechanical Damage prior to Colled Rolling leading to localized

thinning and subsequent thinning cold rolling.

Blowholes/Coarse inclusions.

Remedial Measures:
Proper scarfing of Slabs.

Careful Handling of Coils Between hot and cold rolling.

Improve steel cleanliness.

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type
Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Steel Cutters
Stationary, Flat
Ambient
Infinity
Ambient
5'
Centre/Mid
Yes
Color
Value
Steel Cutters
Stationary, Flat
Ambient
Infinity
Ambient
5'
Centre/Mid
Yes
Color

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Steel Cutters
Stationary, Flat
Ambient
infinity
Ambient
8'
Right/Mid
Yes
Color

INDENT
Defect Description:
Indentation (depressions) can be distributed at definite distances apart or irregularly
throughout the length and width of the stock.
Possible Causes:
These are mainly caused by damaged rolls, by proturbences on the rools ar rollers.
The distance between the periodically appearing defects often provides indications of
origin and source.
Remedial Measures

The work rolls should be safeguarded againt foreign matter which

may roll in.

Regular cleaning and inspection of the the work rolls and pinch rolls is
required.

Possibilities of confusion:
Indentation can be mistaken for minute blistering and spilliness.
Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Slitting Line
Stationary, Flat

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Tandem mill
Stationary, Flat

Sodium
infinity
Centre/Mid
8'
Centre/Mid
Yes
Color

Ambient
infinity
Ambient
8'
Down/Mid
Yes
B&W

Attribute
Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting
Light Distance
Light Angle
Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

Value
Tandem mill
Stationary, Flat
Ambient
infinity
Ambient
5'
Down/Mid
No
B&W

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Slitting Line

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Light Distance

infinity

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Right/Mid

Flash Used

No

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

IRON PARTICLES

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Defect Description:

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

infinity

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

They are patches on the rolled surface, appearing as large number of minute iron
particles spread over that area. They largely occur in bands. the particles are strongly
adhered to the surface, and amount to a highly rough surface.

Right/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

The mechanical wear of the sheet material due to friction results in minute iron
particles, which are transferred from the work rolls to the rolled surface.

Pic Type

B&W

Remedial Measures

LAMINATION

Regular cleaning of the work rolls, transfer rolls and stretcher rolls.
Possibilities of confusion:
Prominent iron-particles could be mistaken for fine dents.

ir_p1.jpg
Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Possible Causes:

Image

ir_p2.jpg

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, FLAT

Image

Lift up the work rolls of the tensioning device in slitting lines.

Change all the work rolls of the tensioning device.

Attribute

Value

Type of Lighting Ambient

Shop name

Light Distance

infinity

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, FLAT

Camera Distance 5'

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Light Distance

infinity

Flash Used

Yes

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Pic Type

Color

lamin.jpg

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Left/Down

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

PARALLEL BAND IMPRESSION

Shop name

Defect Description

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Light Distance

infinity

Light Angle

Center/Mid

Two pairs of continuous parallel lines observed on the strip surface along the rolling
direction.
Gap between the lines:70mm
Gap between the bands:750mm(Centre to Centre).
Possible Causes:
Due to the prolonged usage, the back up rolls Tensioning Device which subsequently
get transferred to the strip surfaces.
Remedial Measures:

Image

par_bi1.jpg
Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Left/Down

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

par_bi2.jpg

Attribute

Value

Improve strip flatness at CRM Change SPM work rolls.

Image

Shop name

Possibilities of confusion with other defects

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Light Distance

infinity

Light Angle

Center/Mid

Although they are of characteristic identification, but they could be mistaken for pitting
defects and those due to rolled in matter.
Attribute

Left/Down

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Image

Shop name

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Value

par_bi3.jpg

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Coil

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Light Distance

5'

Light Angle

Left/Down

Camera Distance 8'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

pin_m1.jpg

PINCH MARK
Defect Description

Shop name

Linear markings of single or periodic occurence diagonal to rolling direction

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, coil

Possible Causes:

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Light Distance

5'

Light Angle

Left/Down

Single results from lack of flatness causing pinch folding in the roll
gap of SPM.

Image

Camera Distance 8'

Periodic roll marks results from transfer of pinch marks from work
rolls of SPM

Remedial Measures:

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

pin_m2.jpg

Attribute

Value

Appearance:Smooth shinning patches.

Shape:Irregular
Occurance:Periodic on strip surface.Generally found on one side of the strip.

Image

Shop name
Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Coil

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Light Distance

5'

Light Angle

Left/Down

Possible Causes:
Welding of metallic pieces like detached slivers, scabs etc. on work roll/pinch roll
surface.
Remedial Measures:

Camera Distance 8'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Coil

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Identify the rolls causing the defect by measuring the gap between
the marks.

Clear roll surface.

Change rolls

pin_m3.jpg
Image

Possibilities of confusion with other defects:

They could be mistaken for minute blistering and spilliness.

Camera Distance 5'

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Flash Used

Yes

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Pic Type

B&W

Light Distance

infinity

Light Angle

Ambient

pm4.jpg

ROLL MARK
Defect Description:
Surface markings, generally depressions of various shapes attributable to defective
work cell/pinch roll surface.

Image

Camera Distance 4'

Camera Angle

Left/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

roll_mark1.jpg

Attribute

Value

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

Shop name

Tandem mill

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

portable
Flourescent

Type of Lighting

portable
Flourescent

Light Distance

5'

Light Distance

5'

Light Angle

Center/Mid

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Image

Camera Distance 3'

Camera Distance 4'

Camera Angle

Camera/Mid

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

portable
Flourescent

Light Distance

5'

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

roll_mark2.jpg

ROLLED IN SCALE
Defect Description:
Other types of rolled in defects are marks in the surface caused by rolled in metallic or
non-metallic foreign bodies of varying shape and size. Largely, they could be identified
as scales on the sheet surface
Occurence:
Rolled in defects are caused by foreign bodies imprinted in the stock during rolling.
Possibilities of Confusion:
Rolled in types of defects can be mistaken for identations when the rolled foreign body
has been removed from the defect area. Similar defects can also be caused in the
subsequent processing plants by withdrawal and straightening gear, for example by
scale adhering to the rollers.

Image

rs1.jpg
Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Right/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

rs2.jpg

Attribute

Value

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

Shop name

RDCIS Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

portable
Flourescent

Type of Lighting

portable
Flourescent

Light Distance

4'

Light Distance

10'

Light Angle

Centre/up

Light Angle

Diffused Lighting

Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Right/Mid

Camera Angle

Centre/Down

Flash Used

Yes

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Pic Type

None

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

rs3.jpg
Image

Image

rs5.jpg

RUPTURE
Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

portable
Flourescent

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Light Distance

4'

Type of Lighting Ambient

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Light Distance

4'

Camera Distance 5'

Light Angle

Ambient

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Camera Distance 5'

Flash Used

Yes

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Pic Type

Color

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

rs4.jpg

Image

rupture1.jpg

Arrest acid carry over from picking line by proper squeezing.

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Steel Cutters

Movement and
Shape

Attribute

Value

Stationary, Flat

Shop name

Steel Cutters

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Stationary, Flat

Light Distance

4'

Movement and
Shape

Light Angle

Ambient

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

Ambient

Light Angle

Ambient

Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Camera Distance 5'

rupture2.jpg

RUST

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Defect Description:

SCAB

Patches of rust or randomly disturbed, normally of irregular shapes observed on both

surfaces.
Colour: Reddish brown to black.

Top

Possible causes:

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Steel Cutters

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

20'

Light Angle

Ambient

Presence of aqueous liquid on metal surface.

Prolonged storage of coils between processing stages at CRM.

High atmospheric humidity

Remedial Measures:

Image

rust.jpg

Image scab1.jpg
Image

Camera Distance 5'

Emulsion wiping after Tandem Rolling.

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Reduce coil storage time between processes.

Pic Type

Color

scab1.jpg

Scratches are mechanical damages in width, depth and length at the surface. They
are mostly parallel or at right angles to the rolling direction. They may be slightly rolled
over and seldom contain scale.

Image scab2.jpg
Attribute

Value

Shop name

Steel Cutters

Possible Causes:

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

20

Light Angle

Ambient

Primarily caused by friction between the stock and parts of the equipment due to
relative movements. Longitudinal defects occur during transportation of the stock by
way of roller tables or during coiling and decoiling. Transverse defects arise maily
during transverse movements of the plates or when hot band coils are discharged
from the coiler. If the stock is damaged when hot, scale forms on the damaged areas
and can be rolled in subsequent passes. When scratch occurs, a sliver can be formed
or there may be an accumulation of the material to the side or at the end of the
scratch.

Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

scab2.jpg

Remedial Measures:
All measures, needed for reducing and limiting the friction between the stock and work
rolls, such as greasing, maintaining the alignment of work rolls etc. should be taken.

Image scab3.jpg
Attribute

Value

Shop name

Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Image

Possibilities of confusion:
Scratch and grooves can be mistaken for seams and less frequently, for light
scratches.

Type of Lighting Flourescent

Light Distance

10'

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

SCRATCH
Defect Description:

scab3.jpg

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Tandem mill

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Coil

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Ambient

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Left

Flash Used

Yes

Image

Pic Type

Color

scr1.jpg

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

B&W

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Attribute

Value

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Shop name

Lab

Light Distance

Infinity

Stationary, Flat

Light Angle

Left/Mid

Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Left/Mid

Image

scr3.jpg

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Left/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting Flourescent

Light Distance

10'

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

scr2.jpg
Image

Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

scr4.jpg

Attribute

Value

Attribute

Value

Shop name

RDCIS Lab

Shop name

RDCIS Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Portable
Flourescent

Light Distance

4'

Camera Distance 5'

Light Angle

Centre/Up

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Camera Distance 2'

Flash Used

Yes

Camera Angle

Left/Mid

Pic Type

B&W

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Image

Type of Lighting Flourescent

Light Distance

5'

Light Angle

Left/Mid

scr5.jpg

Image

scr7.jpg

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Lab

SLIVER

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Defect Description:

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

Ambient

Light Angle

Left/Mid

Irregular flaky overlapping material with non-metallic inclusions or scale under it. It is
found along the rolling direction and can appear on both surfaces.Sometimes referred
as Shell.

Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Possible Causes:
Slag or non metallic inclusion entrapment.
scr6.jpg

Remedial Measurements:

Prevent slag carry over during tapping

Use clean ingot moulds

Proper scarfing of slabs

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Image

Type of Lighting Flourescent

Light Distance

10'

Light Angle

Centre/Mid
Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Lab

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat
10'

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

sliv1.jpg
Image

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Centre/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

SPM_II

Shop name

Steel Cutters

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Image

Light Distance

Ambient

Light Angle

Ambient

Camera Distance 10'

Type of Lighting Flourescent

Light Distance

Value

Type of Lighting Ambient

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Attribute

Camera Angle

Centre/Down

Flash Used

No

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Steel Cutters

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Ambient

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Ambient

spm1.jpg
Image

Camera Distance 10'

sliv2.jpg

Camera Angle

Left/Down

Flash Used

No

Pic Type

Color

spm2.jpg

UNDER PICKLING
Defect Description:
This defect is characterized irregular dark patches spread irregularly over the whole
surface of the steel sheet. The patches are finger like and angular in the form.

Possible Causes:
This defect is caused due to the imbalance between the composition of the acid and
the time of reaction in the Pickling Mill.
Remedial Measures:

Camera Angle

Centre/Down

Flash Used

Yes

This defect originates prior to the cold rolling mill, hence it could spoil the final rolled
surface, it is important to inspect the reaction time and the composition of the acidic
vehicle in the Prickling Mill.

Pic Type

Color

Image undp1.jpg

undp2.jpg

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Dispatch

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Coil

Image
WAVINESS
Defect Description:

Type of Lighting Ambient

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Ambient

Cross ripples/undulations of varying magnitude appear along the long direction either
at the edge or middle of the strip/sheet. Centre buckles are located at the middle of
strip, while edge waves appear at the edges.
Buckle Height: Mostly upto 9mm for precision levelled material.

Camera Distance 4'

Camera Angle

Centre/Down

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Dispatch

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Coil

Type of Lighting Ambient

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Ambient

Camera Distance 5'

Possible Causes:
undp1.jpg
Image

Mismatch of roll gap with in-comming strip crown leads to differencial

elongation along the rolling direction both at Hot & Cold rolling stage.

Incorrect profile or positioning of support rollers.

Contact with edge guides.

Remedial Measures:

Reduction of waviness through precision leveller/stretch leveller.

Control of waviness at both HSM and CRM by work roll bending and
selective cooling.

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Slitting Line

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Type of Lighting

Sodium

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Centre/Mid

Image
Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

wav2.jpg

Camera Distance 5'

Camera Angle

Left/Mid

Flash Used

Yes

Pic Type

Color

Attribute

Value

Shop name

Steel Cutters

Light Distance

Movement and
Shape

Stationary, Flat

Light Angle

Type of Lighting Ambient

Light Distance

Infinity

Light Angle

Ambient

Camera Distance 10'

Camera Angle

Right/Down

Attribute
wav1.jpg
Image

Value

Image

Shop name
Movement and
Shape
Type of Lighting

Camera Distance
Camera Angle
Flash Used
Pic Type

wavines.jpg