WELLCOME

WOLLO UNIVERSITY
KIoT
School of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER
ENGINEERING (ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION)
Reported By
1. Amsalu Setey
2. Meku Abay
3. Nardos demekaw
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Host Company:
Kombolcha Community Radio FM 104.8
Duration of internship: 4 Months (October- January)

Mentor: Mr. Abdul-Aziz D.

Submission date: March 2016

contents

Background of Kombolcha Community FM Radio 104.8

over all internship experience
Over all Benefits we gained from the Internship
Conclusion and recommendation

1. INTRODUCTION
Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio

broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting.

Community stations serve geographic communities and communities
of interest.
Community radio has developed in Ethiopia fastly.
Kombolcha community radio is community-run local radio station
serving the city of Kombolcha and its environment, It reaches a
potential audience of 180,000 people living within a 50 km radius of its
transmitter mast. The station broadcasts in Amharic for 10 hours per
day from 2:00 to 12:00 Oclock.
FM Kombolcha is operated by the Kombolcha community.
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Brief history of the Organization

The movement starts in the last of 1998 E.C
It gets permission from the broadcast office in June 1998 E.C
July 2002 E.C the first Sunday in the program leman ygabzalu starts
its regular programs

July 14 2002 E.C invites the late mayor of Kombolcha town Mr.
Getawey Yrga in the program of min yteykalu.

Main services of the company

The main service of the company is transmitting Information
through radio and.
provide a development forum for the community;
encourage participatory community development;
promote active involvement of underprivileged groups such as
women and young people;
intensify the sharing of information within the community

1.3 Main customers

The customers of the Organization are mainly the society of the
Kombolcha.
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Over all organization structure of the company

Community
Members

Radio Council

Fig.1 flow chart of organization

structure

Radio Council
Radio Board

Sub-committees
Station
Manager

Technical

Program

News

Marketing

Admin/HR

Account

Work flow in the station

Here the community members will elect their representatives to the
Radio Council which in turn forms statutory committees and
Radio Board.
The Board forms required sub-committees and appoints Station
Manager.
Under the Station Manager the management structure will be
established
to take care of the day to day operations of the radio.
Diagrammatically the structure is shown above.
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2. over all internship experience

How we get into the company
We have got the chance to enter to the Kombolcha FM 104.8 by the
treatment of both the office university industry linkage and the
management of the station.

The section we have been working on

Kombolcha Fm 104.8 was assign in to practices in FM studio and audio
editing and we was start our practice in this section.
i. How FM studio works
ii. Audio editing
iii. All about studio equipments
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How FM Studio Works

The Concept of Modulation
Electricity in the air is nothing but random noise. To be turned into useful
signals that transmit information (music or voice) it must be modulated, and
modulation is the basis for AM and FM radio signals.
The electromagnetic radiation must be modulated or changed to be useful
as a radio transmission. Without modulation, no information is carried in a
radio signal. Modulation is an easy concept to understand and is all around
us. Our sense of vision is a good example of how modulation works.

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Conti..
FM Transmission System

FM radio uses the Electrical image of a sound source to modulate

the frequency of a carrier wave. At the receiver end in the detection
process, that image is stripped back off the carrier and turned back
into sound by a loudspeaker.
When information is broadcast from an FM radio station, the
electrical image of the sound (taken from a microphone or other
program source) is used to modulate the frequency of the carrier wave
transmitted from the broadcast antenna of the radio station.
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FM Radio Broadcasts
FM

radio uses frequency modulation, which changes or modulates the

frequency of the unmodulated signal while keeping the amplitude of the

signal constant. When the frequency is modulated, music or talk is
transmitted via the carrier frequency.
FM radio operates in the range of 87.0MHz to 108.0MHz, a much
higher range of frequencies than AM radio. The distance ranges for FM
transmissions are more limited than AM

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Audio editing using audacity

Audacity is an open source cross platform audio editor. We have been
working on this software for many times to edit the audio. Below is part
view of audacity software

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Getting to know the studio

The studio-suite, that is the studio and its associated
control centre, is the workshop of broadcasting.
Studio systems

single FM processing system

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Studio Equipments and Their use in Studio

Studio equipments can be classified as transmission
equipments example computers, microphone and studio
equipments let us see one by one as follow;
Source equipments
The source equipment in a studio may include CD players,
turntables, and cassette Players or even reel-to-reel tape
players.
Computers
There are a number of uses for computers in the studio,
and the requirements for a computer will depend on its
intended use. It is used mainly to
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Microphones
Microphones change the sound waves to electrical energy. A studio
should have one microphone for each DJ or host and a few for the
guests. In any studio having lots of microphones active at once leads
to a lot of background noise.
Microphones can be either directional or Omni-directional.

Mixer
An audio mixer takes input from multiple audio sources and lets the
user determine which channels to use in the output, and at what levels.
Allows the jockey to control various aspects of radio broadcast
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Fig.1 mixer XB-14

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FM tuner
It is important to have an FM tuner so the DJ can listen to the signal
that is being sent over the airwaves.

Monitor speakers
Monitor speakers let the DJ listen to what they are playing. The
monitor speakers might be internally amplified, or might require an
external amp for power. It is used in the studio to monitor the quality of
broadcast

Headphones

Headphones are the equipment used in the studio. These convert

electrical signal into audible signal.
It is used in the radio station to monitor the audio output and for the
communication between radio presenter and technicians.

Telephone system
Most studios will have at least one telephone. If you plan to put callers
on the air, you will need a Telephone Hybrid. The hybrid feeds the
signal from the phone line into the console, and feeds another signal
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back to the caller.

Audio cables and connectors

Audio cables transmit audio signals from one place to another,
such as from an audio source to the console or mixer.

Two-Bay Stacked Dipole Antenna

The antennas must be attached to a 3-4 metre long metal pole with a
diameter of 25-50cm. This mast must be placed as high as possible, to
cover as large an area as possible.

FM Transmitter
The transmitter is the heart of the transmission system. Connecting this
300 Watt transmitter with a stacked dipole antenna will provide an
average of 550 Watts ERP (including cable loss).
Its function in the studio is for sending radio signals which are coming
from the transmitter

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3. Over all Benefits we gained from the Internship

During our internship at Kombolcha community radio FM 104.8 we
had gain many benefits .
During these four months of our internship program we was able to
bridge the gap between student life and professional life.
This has opened doors for us to understand what is waiting for us
when we finish our graduate studies at this field.

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Theoretical Knowledge
Learning the different studio equipments with their application in the
studio.
Learning different kinds of electronics devices and their use in real
life. Example: mixer, mice, pc, video switcher, monitor and so on.

Interpersonal Communication Skills

The development of interpersonal skills being early in life and is

influenced by family, friends and our observation. So communicating

skills had to come handy at these times.
In short, during these four months we had been able to upgrade our
speaking skills.
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Leadership Skills
During these times we have been able to observe that one should
have great skills to be a leader. Among them:-Good speaking ability, To
have the ability to listen to others
To be decisive, Good management skillsand so on

Work Ethics
Our supervisor was always advising us that we should be an ethical
and responsible professionals for the future. He has been showing how
to develop this good behaviour during our stay on the company with
him.
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4. Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion
As it is known, the main goal of internship program is to integrate the
theoretically acquired concepts with a tangible practical demonstration.
General speaking during the internship program a lots of knowledge
and skills have been gained. This program helps students to develop
practical knowledge that can be applied in the real world, how to solve
the problems related to any professional areas, how to meet challenges.

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Recommendation
Strength
Since the company has good outlooks, attitudes and respect for
interns, the intern

suggest that the company must keep up as it

deems necessary for the interns

Weakness
The company does not have enough class rooms. Therefore, it must
construct other enough class room for the feature.
Technicians are not skilful.
The Company have not enough materials compare to other FM radio
stations
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THE END

THANK YOU

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