Experiment #05

Free and Forced un-damped Vibrations

Aims:
To find the natural frequency of the System.
To find the Resonance Frequency of the system

Introduction
Free Vibration:
The vibration takes place when a system oscillates under the action of forces
inherent in the system itself and when external oscillations are absent. In free
vibrations the total energy of the system remains the same over time. The vibration of
a structure that occurs at its natural frequency is called free vibration. The system
under free vibrations will vibrate at one or more of its natural frequencies.

Forced Vibrations:
The vibrations takes place under the excitation of external force is called
forced vibration. When the excitation is oscillatory, the system is forced to vibrate at
external frequency. If the frequency of excitation coincide with one of the natural
frequency of the system, a condition of resonance occurs which results in large
vibration which can damage the system.

Resonance:
Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when a vibrating system or external
force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at a specific
preferential frequency. Increase of amplitude as damping decreases and frequency
approaches resonant frequency of a driven damped simple harmonic oscillator.
Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are
known as the system's resonant frequencies, or resonance frequencies. At resonant
frequencies, small periodic driving forces have the ability to produce large amplitude
oscillations. This is because the system stores vibrational energy.

Equations of Motion:
Free Vibrations:

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Forced Vibrations:
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Apparatus:

Universal Vibration Rig

Exciter unit (Servo motor, Eccentric Mass)
Rigid beam
Spring Sample 2
Measuring tape
Plotter unit with charts
Apparatus diagram

Procedure:
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Observations and Calculations:

Reference Values:
m

= Mass of Rigid beam

= Mass of Exciter unit

= __________ kg M
= __________ kg

= Total length of Rigid Beam

L1

= Distance from pivot A to Exciter

L2

= Distance from Pivot A to spring (m)

IA

= Moment of inertia of Rigid beam spring system about point A

= M. (L) ^2/3 + M. (L1) ^2

= __________ m
= __________ m

= __________ kg.m^2

Spring Specimen no. _________

K
Sr no.

= Spring Stiffness

=_________ N/mm

Distance of
Theoretical Values
Spring
L2
Circular
(m)
Frequency Time
Natural
Omega
Period
Freq.
(rad/s)
T
fn (Hz)
(sec)

Experimental Values
(Free vibration)
Time
Period
T
(no of
Plotted
Waves/time)

(sec)

Freq.
(Hz)

Resonance
Frequency
(Forced
Vibration)

Percentage error for L2= 0.5m:

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Percentage error for L2= 0.55m:

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Percentage error for L2= 0.60m:

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Percentage error for L3= 0.65m:
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Effect of Resonance:
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Conclusion:
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