Introduction

As we know that India is a developing country and the major part of our GDP growth rate
belongs to agriculture alone. So we can say that agriculture is the backbone of India and
irrigation is called the lifeline. So, agriculture in India has been the most important priority in
the economic development of country since the independence. Major part of our expenditure is
spent on agriculture alone and in spite of that we not getting required output. In India, there is
uneven biological diversity cause, some part experience droughts while some parts flood, so
there is always scarcity of water available for the irrigation. Farmer in rural area severally
affected by this condition. New technologies coming but they are too expensive for the
common farmer. The project offers a cheaper and simpler solution to this problem by
developing automated microclimate irrigation controllers with wireless capability assisted with
low cost wireless sensor nodes. Like temperature sensor, humidity sensor which senses the
level of moisture of the soil. The land or firm is divided into microclimatic regions equipped
with smart specified sensors and integrated wirelessly into automated irrigation controller with
wireless networking capability.

India being an agricultural country needs some innovation in the field of

agriculture. This can be achieved through modern technologies which assist
computing, communication and control within devices.WSN suit for this
purpose. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) technologies have become a
backbone for modern precision agriculture monitoring. WSN in agriculture
helps in distributed data collection, monitoring in harsh environments,
precise irrigation and fertilizer supply to produce profuse crop production
while diminishing cost and assisting farmers in real time data gathering.
This paper presents the preliminary design on the development of WSN for
crop monitoring application. The proposed WSN system will be able to
communicate each other with lower power consumption in order to deliver
their real data collected to the farmer's mobile via GSM technology and to
actuate the water sprinklers during the period of water scarcity.

Agriculture in India

Major crops by regions of India.

Agriculture has a significant role in the socio-economic

fabric of India. Here Sikh farmers are deploying a
tractor and cane crusher to produce and distribute free cane juice at a festival.

Several festivals relate to agriculture in India. Holi the

festival of colours is celebrated across north India as the
coming of spring. It is celebrated with bonfires, meeting
friends and strangers, playful painting each other with
colours.

Farms in rural India. Most

farms in India are small plots

such as in this image.

The history of agriculture

in India dates back to

the Rigveda. Today,

India ranks second worldwide

in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.7% of
the GDP (gross domestic product) in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The economic
contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based
economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays
a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.

A vegetable farm in Himachal Pradesh state.

India exported $39 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest
agricultural exporter worldwide and the sixth largest net exporter. Most of its agriculture
exports serve developing and least developed nations.

As per the 2010 FAO world agriculture statistics, India is the world's largest producer of many
fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, major spices, select fibrous crops such as jute, staples such as
millets and castor oil seed. India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, the world's
major food staples.
India is the world's second or third largest producer of several dry fruits, agriculturebased textile raw materials, roots and tuber crops, pulses,
farmed fish, eggs, coconut, sugarcane and numerous vegetables. India ranked in the world's
five largest producers of over 80% of agricultural produce items, including many cash
crops such as coffee and cotton, in 2010. India is one of the world's five largest producers of
livestock and poultry meat, with one of the fastest growth rates, as of 2011.
One report from 2008 claimed India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce
rice and wheat. Other recent studies claim India can easily feed its growing population, plus
produce wheat and rice for global exports, if it can reduce food staple spoilage, improve its
infrastructure and raise its farm productivity to those achieved by other developing countries
such as Brazil and China.
In fiscal year ending June 2011, with a normal monsoon season, Indian agriculture
accomplished an all-time record production of 85.9 million tonnes of wheat, a 6.4% increase
from a year earlier. Rice output in India hit a new record at 95.3 million tonnes, a 7% increase

from the year earlier. Lentils and many other food staples production also increased year over
year. Indian farmers, thus produced about 71 kilograms of wheat and 80 kilograms of rice for
every member of Indian population in 2011. The per capita supply of rice every year in India is
now higher than the per capita consumption of rice every year in Japan
India exported $39 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest
agricultural exporter worldwide, and the sixth largest net exporter. This represents explosive
growth, as in 2003 net export were about $5 billion. India is the fastest growing exporter of
agricultural products over a 10-year period, its $39 billion of net exports is more than double
the combined exports of the European Union (EU-28). It has become one of the world's largest
supplier of rice, cotton, sugar and wheat. India exported around 2 million metric tonnes of
wheat and 2.1 million metric tonnes of rice in 2011 to Africa, Nepal, Bangladesh and other
regions around the world.
Aquaculture and catch fishery is amongst the fastest growing industries in India. Between 1990
and 2010, the Indian fish capture harvest doubled, while aquaculture harvest tripled. In 2008,
India was the world's sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater capture fisheries and the
second largest aquaculture farmed fish producer. India exported 600,000 metric tonnes of fish
products to nearly half of the world's countries
India has shown a steady average nationwide annual increase in the kilograms produced per
hectare for some agricultural items, over the last 60 years. These gains have come mainly from
India's green revolution, improving road and power generation infrastructure, knowledge of
gains and reforms. Despite these recent accomplishments, agriculture has the potential for
major productivity and total output gains, because crop yields in India are still just 30% to 60%
of the best sustainable crop yields achievable in the farms of developed and other developing
countries. Additionally, losses after harvest due to poor infrastructure and unorganised retail
cause India to experience some of the highest food losses in the world.

Literature Review and Research Objectives

During agricultural production, some information (such as temperature,humidty,wind, rainfall

and PH of soil) is obtained by manual measurement method,which exists many problems,for
example time-consuming, laborious problem.In this paper, the agricultural greenhouse
environmental monitoring system is designed based on the Internet of Things,which realized
remote realtime monitoring of the environmental information in greenhouse,combining with
the Internet,wireless network and mobile network.A wireless sensor network is established for
collecting environmental information such as temperature and humidity by using ZigBee
protocol.Finally,the collected environmental information is accessed into the internet and
mobile network through the control center .The monitoring system can realize the short
message warming and real-time monitoring of agriculture enviromental information.

The advanced development in wireless sensor networks can be used in

monitoring various parameters in agriculture. Due to uneven natural
distribution of rain water it is very difficult for farmers to monitor and
control the distribution of water to agriculture field in the whole farm or as
per the requirement of the crop. There is no ideal irrigation method for all
weather conditions, soil structure and variety of crops cultures. Farmers
suffer large financial losses because of wrong prediction of weather and
incorrect irrigation methods. In this context, with the evolution of
miniaturized sensor devices coupled with wireless technologies, it is
possible remotely monitor parameters such as moisture, temperature and
humidity. It develop and implement a wireless sensor network connected to
a central node using Wi-Fi, which in turn is connected to a Central
Monitoring Station (CMS) through General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) or
Global System for Mobile (GSM) technologies. The system also obtains
Global Positioning System (GPS) parameters related to the field and sends
them to a central monitoring station. The sensor motes have several
external sensors namely leaf wetness, soil moisture, soil pH, atmospheric
pressure sensors attached to it. Based on the value of soil moisture sensor

the mote triggers the water sprinkler during the period of water scarcity.
Once the field is sprinkled with adequate water, the water sprinkler is
switched off. Hereby water can be conserved. Also the value of soil pH
sensor is sent to the base station and in turn base station intimates the
farmer about the soil pH via SMS using GSM modem This system is
expected to help farmers in evaluating soil conditions and act accordingly.

System: To overcome the drawbacks of existing system like high cost, difficult in maintenance
and more wired connection. We introduce a new system which will have wireless connection
between server and nodes. We introduce a new design of embedded web server making use of
GSM network technology in the paper. Compared to the wired link web server system. This
system is chara cterised by having no wires between the web server and terminal nodes. These
systems have lower cost and having more flexibility of the network topology.

For every node we will use separate GSM trans-receiver to transmit the details to server nodes.
Water irrigation control based on microcontroller and internet of things. By internet of things
we mean that it has the ability to analyse and distribute data that can be used as information
and knowledge. Internet of things improves distribution of worlds resources to those who need
it the most. In agricultural farm we use water irrigation is monitored by using sensor like
temperature, humidity. Then controller sends sensor to pc using GSM wireless technology and
updated on the internet using VB.NET.
The modern rain gun irrigation systems, water is supplied half of the land zone of the plants by
rain gun due to which a large quantity of water is saved. At the present era, the farmers have
been using irrigation technique in India through the manual control in which the farmers
irrigate the land at the regular intervals. The global irrigation scenario, however, is
characterized by poor performance, increased demand for higher agricultural productivity,
decreased availability of water for agriculture, increasing soil salinity and possible effects of
global warming and climate change This process sometimes consumes more water or
sometimes the water reaches late due to which the crops get dried. Water deficiency can be
detrimental to plants before visible wilting occurs. Slowed growth rate, lighter weight fruit
follows slight water deficiency. This problem can be perfectly rectified if we use automatic
microcontroller based rain gun irrigation system in which the irrigation will take place only
when there will be intense requirement of water.