Eurocode 9 - Design of Aluminium Structures Part 1.5 - Shell Structures (EN1999 - 9 - Mandara)

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Background and Applications
EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Part 1.5 - Shell structures (A. Mandara)
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop
EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium

structures Part 1.5 - Shell structures
A. Mandara
Department of Civil Engineering
Second University of Naples School of Engineering
Real Casa dellAnnunziata Via Roma, 29, Aversa (CE)
Eurocodes - Background and Applications

Dissemination of information for training workshop
Brussels 18-20 February 2008
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Aluminium shells applications
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The EN1999-1-5
General part
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The EN1999-1-5
Annexes
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The prEN1993-1-6
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Shell configurations allowed for in EN1999-1-5

r
x, u
r2
, v
r1
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Types of shell analysis in EN1999-1-5
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Specific issues for aluminium alloy shells in EN1999-1-5
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Background activity - Main investigated aspects
shell plastic buckling
imperfection sensitivity analysis of aluminium cylinders;

set-up of buckling curves for aluminium shells;
definition of imperfection classes for plastic buckling;
interaction between load cases;
introduction of additional shell configurations;
stiffened shells
imperfection sensitivity analysis of stiffened cylinders;
validation of EN1993-1-6 procedures and harmonization with
EN1999 rules;
effect of welding effect (HAZ zones)

imperfection sensitivity analysis of welded cylinders;
definition of simplified design procedures;
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10
Parametric analysis:
Shell geometrical data and material
features
The ABAQUS model
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11
Imperfection model
w = w0e
k1 x ( x xo )2
( x xo ) k1 y ( y yo )2
( y yo )
e
k
cos k2 x
cos
2y
L
R
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12
Carichi Assiali [KN]
Buckling response of axially loaded cylinders

6000
R/t = 200
f 02 = 200 N/mmq
Tipo Incastrato
Imperfezione Asimmetrica
Pcr,th = 5293.38 KN
5000
4000
W0/t =0.01
3000
2000
1000
W0/t =3
ABAQUS
0
0
10
12
Carichi Assiali [KN]
Abbassam enti Assiali [mm ]
6000
R/t = 200
f 02 = 200 N/mmq
Tipo Incastrato
Imperfezione Assial-Simmetrica
Pcr,th = 5293.38 KN
5000
W0/t =0.01
4000
3000
2000
1000
W0/t =3
ABAQUS
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Abbassam enti Assiali [mm ]
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13
Deflected shapes at buckling (cylinders under uniform

external pressure)
Carichi Superficiali [N/mmq]
Diagramma Carichi-Spostamenti Radiali

0.07
Pcr,th = 0.058 N/mm q
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
ABAQUS
0.02
R/t = 200
L/R=2
f 02 = 100 N/mmq
W 0 = 0.1 mm
Tipo Appoggiato
0.01
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Spoatam enti Radiali [m m ]
Carichi Superficiali [N/mmq]
Diagramma Carichi-Spostamenti Radiali

0.07
Pcr,th = 0.058 N/m mq
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
ABAQUS
0.02
R/t = 100
L/R=2
f 02 = 100 N/mmq
W 0 = 0,75 mm
Tipo Appoggiato
0.01
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Spoatam enti Radiali [m m ]
60
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14
Imperfection sensitivity curves (axially loaded cylinders)

1,4
Cylinders under axial load

Imperfection Sensitivity Curves
Pu /Pcr,th
1,2
CLASS A
CLASS B
CLASS C
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
R/t = 200 R = 1000 mm t = 5 mm

f02 = 200 N/mm2
P cr,th = 5293.38 KN
0,2
cr,th = 168.49 N/mm 2
W0/t
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
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15
Imperfection sensitivity curves (cylinders under external pressure)

1,0
Cylinders under external pressure

Imperfection sensitivity curve
Pu /Pcr,th
0,8
n=8
L = 1000 mm R= 1000 mm t= 10 mm
R/t = 100
L/R=1
f02 = 100 N/mm2 n = 9
n=9
0,6
Pcr,th = 0.620 N/mm2
Class A
0,4
Class B
Class C
L = 1000 mm R= 1000 mm t= 10 mm
R/t = 100
L/R=1
f02 = 100 N/mm2
n=8
0,2
W0/t
Pcr,th = 0.610 N/mm2
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
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16
Imperfection sensitivity curves (cylinders under torsion)

1,0
Pu /Pcr,th
0,8
0,6
Class A
Class B
Class C
Longitudinal Imperfection
Helical Imperfection
0,4
Cylinders under torsion

Imperfection sensitivity curve
0,2
R/t = 200 L/R = 2

f02=200 N/mm2
t = 5 mm
cr,th = 49.358 N/mm2
W0/t
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
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17
Semi-probabilistic interpretation of buckling data

(axially loaded cylinders) - Weibulls law
1.00
P(x)

Weak hardening alloys
- R/t = 100-
0.80
P(x) = 1 e
0.60
f02 = 200 N/mm
(x )
Class A
Class B
Class C
Weibull Curve A
Weibull Curve B
Weibull Curve C
5% Percentile Value
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00
p (x) =
0.20
dP
x
0.40
(x )
dx
0.60
1 /
(1
0.80
/ 1
(x
1.00
/
)1 /
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18
Semi-probabilistic interpretation of buckling data

(axially loaded cylinders) - Weibulls law
1.00
- R/t = 200-
P(x)
0.80
f02 = 200 N/mm
0.60
C
A
Class A
Class B
Class C
Weibull Curve A
Weibull Curve B
Weibull Curve C
5% Percentile Value
0.40
0.20
x
0.00
0.00
p (x) =
0.20
dP
0.40
(x )
dx
0.60
1 /
(1
0.80
/ 1
(x
1.00
/
)1 /
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stiffened shells
EN1999 rules;

19
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20
Shell buckling EC3 formulation
= 1 0
0
= 1
p 0
0 < p
= 2 p
=
p =
f yk
xRc
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21
Shell buckling fabrication tolerance classes in EC3

r
inward
wox
wox
t
gx
gx
w0
gx
o m ax
gx
= 4
U 0 m ax
wo
U 0 m ax
Dimple tolerance parameter
Rt
Gauge length
gx
Fabrication
tolerance
Description
quality
class
Class A
Excellent
Class B
High
Class C
Normal
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22
Expressions of buckling factors according to EC3
0.20
External pressure
and torsion (shear)
0.40
0.60
0.60
1.00
1.00
Axial (meridional) load
Fabrication
tolerance
Description
quality
class
Class A
Class B
Class C
Excellent
High
Normal
External pressure () and

torsion (shear)
( )
Q
40
25
16
x =
0.62
1 + 1.91 1 / Q r / t
1.44
or
0,75
0,65
0,50
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23
Comparison of EC3 buckling curves with simulation data

1.20
EC3 Curve
1.00
0.80
0.60
Minimum Value
Medium Value
Maximum Value
5%Percentile Value
Experimental Value
Modified
EC3 Curve
0.40
0.20

Quality Class C
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
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24

1.2
1.0

Strong hardening alloys
Quality class A
EC3 Curve
0.8
L/R=2 R/T=200
L/R=2 R/T=100
L/R=2 R/T=50
L/R=1 R/T=200
L/R=1 R/T=100
L/R=1 R/T=50
0.6
0.4
L/R=4 R/T=200
L/R=4 R/T=100
L/R=4 R/T=50
Modified
EC3 Curve
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
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25

1.2
L/R=2 R/T=200 Imp. 1

Quality class C
1.0
L/R=2 R/T=200 Imp. 2

L/R=2 R/T=100 Imp. 1
0.8
L/R=2 R/T=100 Imp. 2

L/R=2 R/T=50 Imp. 1
0.6
L/R=2 R/T=50 Imp. 2

L/R=4 R/T=200 Imp. 2
0.4
L/R=4 R/T=100 Imp. 2

L/R=4 R/T=50 Imp. 2
0.2
EC3 Curve
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
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26
Shell buckling - proposal for pr1999-1-5
x =
perf =
perf
+
2
f yk
xRc
= 0 . 5 [1 + 0 ( 0 ) + 2 ]
Alloy
Fabrication
tolerance
Description
quality
Q
class
Class A
Excellent 40
Class B
H igh
25
Class C
Normal
16

0
0
0.2
0.35
0.1
0.2
External pressure
0
0
0.3
0.55
0.2
0.7
External pressure ( ) and torsion ( )
x =
0 . 62
1 + 1 . 91 1 / Q r / t
Shear (torsion)
0
0
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.4
ref
1 . 44
or
0,75
1
=
,
0,65
2
1 + 0, 2 1 ref 0 / ref
0,50
)(
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27
Buckling curves - proposal for EC9

1.20
Minimum Value
1.00
Medium Value
Maximum Value
0.80
5% Percentile Value
0.60
0.40
0.20

Quality Class A
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
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28

1.20
1.00

Quality class A
0.80
0.60
L/R=2 R/T=200
L/R=2 R/T=100
L/R=2 R/T=50
L/R=1 R/T=200
L/R=1 R/T=100
L/R=1 R/T=50
L/R=4 R/T=200
L/R=4 R/T=100
L/R=4 R/T=50
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
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29

1.20
1.00

Quality class B
0.80
0.60
L/R=2 R/T=200
L/R=2 R/T=200
L/R=2 R/T=100
L/R=2 R/T=100
L/R=2 R/T=50
L/R=2 R/T=50
L/R=4 R/T=200
L/R=4 R/T=100
L/R=4 R/T=50
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
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stiffened shells
EN1999 rules;

30
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31
Exploitation of plastic buckling features

(axially loaded cylinders)
1,2
Pu /Pcr,th
A
1,0
C
Imperfection 1
0,8
2
0,6
R/t = 50
f 0.2 = 200 N/mm2
P cr,th = 24806.01 kN
0,4
cr,th = 197.40 N/mm

0,2
4
2
clamped ends
hinged ends
0,0
0,0
w0*/t
0,2
0,4
w0/t
0,6
0,8
1,0
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32
Exploitation of plastic buckling features

(axially loaded cylinders)
1,2
Pu /Pcr,th
1,0
C
Imperfection 1
0,8
2
0,6
R/t = 200
f 0.2 = 100 N/mm2
P cr,th = 2694.32 kN
0,4
2
cr,th = 85.76 N/mm
0,2
clamped ends
hinged ends
w0*/t
w0/t
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
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33
Exploitation of plastic buckling features (axially

loaded cylinders) Imperfection limit w0*/t
0.30
w0*/t
0.27
HINGED ENDS
0.24
0.21
0.18
f 0.2 = 100 N/mm
0.15
0.12
f 0.2 = 200 N/mm
0.09
0.06
0.03
f 0.2 = 300 N/mm
R/t
0.00
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
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34

loaded cylinders) Imperfection limit w0*/t
0.10
w0*/t
CLAMPED ENDS
0.08
0.06
f 0.2 = 200 N/mm
f 0.2 = 100 N/mm
0.04
0.02
f 0.2 = 300 N/mm
R/t
0.00
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
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35
Exploitation of plastic buckling features (axially loaded cylinders)

Definition of quality Class A-plus in prEN-1999-1-5
Fabrication tolerance
quality class
Class A-plus
Excellent
Class A
Class B
Class C
Very high
High
Normal
Fabrication tolerance
quality class
Class A-plus
Class A
Class B
Class C
Value of U0,.max (f0.2 in N/mm2)
Description
Clamped ends
1
t
R
+ 0.01
2.25
f 0.2
R
t
Hinged ends
1
t
R
+ 0.02
5
f 0.2 R
t
0,006
0,01
0,016
Q
Description Clamped Hinged
ends
ends
Excellent
60
50
Very high
40
High
25
Normal
16
x
x =
1
1.44
1 0.6 E
1 + 2.60
x ,0 )
Q f 0,2 ( x
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36

loaded cylinders) - Class A-plus buckling curves
1.20
Minimum Value
Medium Value
Maximum Value
5% Percentile Value
EC3
1.00
0.80
0.60
Proposed
EC9 Curve
Hinged ends
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00

Quality Class A-plus
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
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Shell buckling summary of

EC9 formulation
37
Unstiffened shells
Load cases
axial compression
external pressure
torsion
Stiffened shells
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38
Shell buckling summary of EC9 formulation
Material buckling class

A (Weak hardening alloys)
B (Strong hardening alloys)
Axial (meridional)
load
x
x,0
0.2
0.35
0.1
0.2
External pressure
Shear (torsion)
,0
0.3
0.2
,0
0.5
0.4
0.55
0.7
0.3
0.4
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39
Shell buckling fabrication tolerance classes according to EC9
Class 4
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1
Fabrication
tolerance
quality
class
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
ref
Q
16
25
40
50-60
External pressure () and torsion ()
x =
0.62
1 + 1.91 1 / Q r / t
1.44
0,50
0,65
0,75
-
or
, =
1 + 0, 2 1 ref
) ( 0 ) / 2ref
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stiffened shells
EN1999 rules;

40
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Interaction between load cases
interaction between load cases

axial compression external pressure
axial compression torsion
external pressure torsion
validation of EN1993-1-6 procedures

proposal for an alternative formulation
41
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ENV1993-1-6 formulation
42
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43
Interaction between load case

ENV 1993-1-6 Interaction domains
Axial compression and External pressure
Pcr/Pu
cr/u
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44

Axial compression and Torsion
cr/u
cr/u
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45

External pressure and Torsion
cr/u
Pcr/Pu
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46

prEN1993-1-6 formulation and proposal for prEN1999-1-5
prEN1993-1-6
prEN1999-1-5
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47

EN 1999-1-5 Interaction domains
Axial compression and External pressure
Pcr/Pu
EC3
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class A
Class B
Class C
Proposal Class A
Proposal Class B
Proposal Class C
cr/u
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48

Axial compression and Torsion
cr/u
EC3
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class A
Class B
Class C
Proposal Class A
Proposal Class B
Proposal Class C
cr/u
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49

External pressure and Torsion
cr/u
EC3
Class A
Class B
Class C
Proposal Class A
Proposal Class B
Proposal Class C
Pcr/Pu
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Interaction buckling check according to EC9
50
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stiffened shells
EN1999 rules;

51
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52
Parametric analysis Stiffened shells

Stiffener
section
Shell
geometry
Circular
Square
R/t=50
Stiffener
size
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
radius
10
25
50
side
10
25
50
5x20
10x20
25x20
50x20
5x10
10x10
25x10
50x10
5x5
10x5
25x5
50x5
R/t=100
Rectangular
R/t=200
sides
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stiffened shells
EN1999 rules;

53
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54
Stiffened shells Proposal for EN19991-5

Axial load
n xRc
External pressure
EAs
A2
1.2
1
= x
1+
A1 +
5 EA 2 C d s
A
3
1+
C d s
p nRc =
with x = 0.80
A2
1
A
+
1
A3
rj2
with = 0.50
A 1 = j 4 4 C 44 + 2 2 (C 45 + C 66 ) + C 55 + C 22 + 2j 2 C 25
A 2 = 2 2 (C 12 + C 33 )(C 22 + j 2 C 25 )(C 12 + j 2 2 C 14 )
( 2 C 11 + C 33 )(C 22 + j 2 C 25 ) 2 2 (C 22 + C 25 + 2 C 33 )(C 12 + j 2 2 C 14 )2
A 3 = ( 2 C11 + C 33 )(C 22 + C 25 + 2 C 33 ) 2 (C 12 + C 33 )2
where
C 11 = C + EA s /d s
C 22 = C + EA r /d r
C 12 = C C
C 33 = C
C 14 = e s EA s /(rd s )
C 25 = e r EA r /(rd r )
C 44 = D + EI s d s /r 2
C 55 = [D + EI r d r ]/r 2
C 45 = D D /r 2
C 66 = D + 0,5(GI ts /d s + GI tr /d r /r 2
r
jl i
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55
Stiffened shells Proposal for EN19991-5

Equivalent orthotropic properties of corrugated sheeting (from prEN1999-1-6)
2t 3
C = E t x = E 2
3d
2d2
C = E t y = E t 1 +
2
4l
Gt
C = G t xy =
2d2
1 +
2
4l
1
Et 3
D = E I x =
12 1 - 2
2d2
1 +
4l 2
D = E I y = 0,13Etd 2
D = G I xy
G t3
=
12
2d2
1 +
4l 2
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56
Stiffened shells Proposal for prEN19991-5

Axial load
1,2

Quality class A
1,0
L/R=2; R/t=50
0,8
L/R=2; R/t=100
0,6
Q* = 1.3Q
x = perf
0,4
perf =
L/R=2; R/t=200
Q* = Q
+ 2 2
= 0.5[1 + 0 ( 0 ) + 2 ]
0,2
0,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
x = n0, xRk / nxRc
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57
Stiffened shells Proposal for prEN19991-5

External pressure
1,2
x = perf
1,0
perf =

Quality class C
+ 2 2
= 0.5[1 + 0 ( 0 ) + 2 ]
0,8
L/R=2; R/t=50
0,6
L/R=2; R/t=100
0,4
L/R=2; R/t=200
0,2
0,0
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
p0,nRk / pnRc
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58
Stiffened shells EC9 formulation

General buckling curve formulation
x =
perf =
perf
+ 2 2
= 0 . 5 [1 + 0 ( 0 ) + 2 ]
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stiffened shells
EN1999 rules;

59
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60
Effect of welding (HAZ zones):

definition of simplified design procedures
Rolling
Welding
MIG
0 < t 6mm
6 < t 12mm
12 < t 25mm
t > 25mm
0 < t 6mm
bhaz = 20 mm
bhaz = 30 mm
bhaz = 35 mm
bhaz = 40 mm
TIG
bhaz = 30 mm
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Effect of welding Parametric analysis
61
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62
Effect of welding Imperfection sensitivity curves, axial compression

1,4
Pu /Pcr,th
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1
1,2
Unwelded
1,0
= 0.86
0,8
Welded
0,6
= 0.72
0,4
= 0.80
= 0.72
= 0.71
= 0.67
R/t = 50; f 0.2 = 200 N/mm2; o,haz=0,53
0,2
w0/t
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
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63
Effect of welding Imperfection sensitivity curves, axial compression

1,4
Pu /Pcr,th
Class 3
Class 2
Class 1
1,2
1,0
Unwelded
= 0.76
0,8
= 0.68
= 0.56
0,6
= 0.67
Welded
0,4
= 0.61
= 0.54
R/t = 100; f 0.2 = 200 N/mm2; 0,haz = 0,53
0,2
w0/t
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
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stiffened shells
EN1999 rules;

64
EUROCODES

Effect of welding according to EC9
i ,w = o + (1 o )
i i ,0
i ,w i ,0
65
i,w
1,0
o,haz
0 = (0,haz)
i,0 = i,0 (i,w,0)
0
i,0
i,w
i,w,0

Eurocode 9 - Design of Aluminium Structures Part 1.5 - Shell Structures (EN1999 - 9 - Mandara)

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Eurocode 9 - Design of Aluminium Structures Part 1.5 - Shell Structures (EN1999 - 9 - Mandara)

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Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

EUROCODES

Background and Applications

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium

Eurocodes - Background and Applications

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Aluminium shells applications

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Shell configurations allowed for in EN1999-1-5

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Types of shell analysis in EN1999-1-5

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Specific issues for aluminium alloy shells in EN1999-1-5

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Background activity - Main investigated aspects

shell plastic buckling

imperfection sensitivity analysis of aluminium cylinders;

effect of welding effect (HAZ zones)

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

The ABAQUS model

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Carichi Assiali [KN]

Buckling response of axially loaded cylinders

Carichi Assiali [KN]

Abbassam enti Assiali [mm ]

Abbassam enti Assiali [mm ]

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Deflected shapes at buckling (cylinders under uniform

Diagramma Carichi-Spostamenti Radiali

Pcr,th = 0.058 N/mm q

Spoatam enti Radiali [m m ]

Carichi Superficiali [N/mmq]

Diagramma Carichi-Spostamenti Radiali

Pcr,th = 0.058 N/m mq

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Imperfection sensitivity curves (axially loaded cylinders)

Cylinders under axial load

R/t = 200 R = 1000 mm t = 5 mm

cr,th = 168.49 N/mm 2

EN 1999 - Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop

Imperfection sensitivity curves (cylinders under external pressure)

Cylinders under external pressure

Pcr,th = 0.620 N/mm2

Pcr,th = 0.610 N/mm2