Académique Documents
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Section 2
Prof. Dr. Murat Akar
D-211
E-mail: askar@eee.metu.edu.tr
Web: www.eee.metu.edu.tr/~askar
Transreceiver
Non-scalar or
non-uniform
amplification
is called
distortion
Gain = Slope
To operate amplifier in its linear region, the input
must be kept small enough
Superposition
If the amplifier is linear, superposition can be
applied. Each component can be determined
seperately.
Determine the DC magnitude of the output using
DC model (i.e capacitors are open circuited,
inductors are short circuited)
Example: IO, VO
Determine the ac signal component of the output
using the ac model (i.e., DC sources are killed and
capacitors are short circuited, inductors are open
circuited) as
Example: vo(t) = Av vi(t)
Amplifier Classification
Input
Output
Type
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Current
Transconductance
Current
Voltage
Transresistance
Current
Current
Current
+
vi
-
Avi
+
vo
-
Ri
Ro
Avi
+
vo
-
vs
Rs +
vi
-
Avi
+
vo
-
RL
vo
= A
vs
vs
Rs +
vi
-
Ri
+
vo
-
Ro
Avi
RL
vo
Ri
RL
= A
vs
Rs +R i R o +R L
Aii
io
Ri
Aii
io
Ro
10
Rs
ii
Aii
io
RL
io
= A
is
RS
ii
Ri
Aii
io
Ro
RL
Rs
Ro
io
= A
Rs +Ri R o +R L
is
11
ii
Ri
+
vo
-
Ro
Avi
Voltage Amplifier
+
vi
-
ii
Aii
Ri
io
Ro
Current Amplifier
ii
Ri
Ro ix
Avi
+
vx
-
Voltage Amplifier
+
vi
-
ii
Ri
Aii
Current Amplifier
ix +
Ro vx
-
12