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VDD
LB
Vtune
M3
CT
LB
M4
Vtune
M3
CT
M4
Cvar
CT
CT
L1T
L2T
L2T
L4T
M1
M2
M1
M2
LB
LB
(a)
(b)
Fig. 1. (a) Schematics of a balanced Colpitts VCO and (b) a
modified balanced VCO.
VDD
I. INTRODUCTION
Out1
M1
L1
L3
L2
L4
M3
Vtune
M5
M2
Out2
M6
CV
CV
M4
(a)
Cbu
Cds
L3
L1
CV
Cgs
(b)
Fig. 2. (a) Simplified differential Hartley VCO. (b) Equivalent
small-signal half- circuit resonator of the circuit in Fig. 2(a).
1220
4D1-04
P r P 2 4Q
2Q
Z
P
C dbu L1 Cvgs ( L1 L3 )
(2)
(2a)
(2b)
1
Cdbu ( L1 M ) Cvgs ( L1 M L3 )
(3)
L1 M L3 wCv
wVtune
Z o3
(4b)
1221
4D1-04
TABLE I.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS REPORTS
Ref.
[3]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
This
Freq.
GHz
4.5
5.6
5.4
5.0
5.35
5.3
5.6
Vdd
(V)
1.5
1.4
2.7
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.1
PN@1MHz
(dBc/Hz)
-122.47
-122.7
-117
-120.42
-117
-124
-118.42
PDC
(mW)
6.75
6.44
13.5
3
7.05
13.5
1.69
FOM
(dBc/Hz)
-187
-189.6
-180
-189.6
-183.1
-187.2
-191.1
FOMT
(dBc/Hz)
-189.5
-176.4
-180
-188
-179.2
-184.7
-193.8
IV. CONCLUSION
Tuning
Range(%)
11.3
2.8
11
8.3
6.4
7.5
13.6
1mW
'Z 10
where FTR is the frequency tuning range in percent. The
performance comparison between the proposed differential
Hartley CMOS VCO with other previous reports are also
summarized in TABLE I. It has better performance than other
Hartley related VCOs. In our point of view the VCO in [9] is
not well-designed because the tuning range is 160 MHz while
Vtune varies from 0 to 2 V. This VCO is not robust to process
and process variation.
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
1222