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CS2311 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

AIM
To understand the concepts of object-oriented programming and master OOP using C++ and Java.
UNIT I
Object oriented programming concepts objects-classes- methods and messages-abstraction and
encapsulation-inheritance- abstract classes- polymorphism.Introduction to C++- objects-classesconstructors
and destructors
UNIT II
Operator overloading - friend functions- type conversions- templates - Inheritance virtual
functions- runtime polymorphism.
UNIT III
Exception handling - Streams and formatted I/O file handling namespaces String Objects standard template library.
UNIT IV
Introduction to JAVA , bytecode, virtual machines objects classes Javadoc packages
Arrays Strings
UNIT V
Inheritance interfaces and inner classes - exception handling threads - Streams and I/O
,, TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. B. Trivedi, Programming with ANSI C++, Oxford University Press, 2007.
2. Cay S. Horstmann, Gary Cornell, Core JAVA volume 1, Eighth Edition, Pearson
Education, 2008.
REFERENCES
1. ISRD Group, Introduction to Object-oriented Programming and C++, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.
2. ISRD Group, Introduction to Object-oriented programming through Java, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.
3. S. B. Lippman, Josee Lajoie, Barbara E. Moo, C++ Premier, Fourth Edition, Pearson
Education, 2005.
4. D. S. Malik, C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition,
Thomson Course Technology, 2007.
5. K. Arnold and J. Gosling, The JAVA programming language, Third edition, Pearson Education,
6. C. Thomas Wu, An introduction to Object-oriented programming with Java, Fourth Edition, Tata
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McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2006.

GE 2211 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (Common to EEE, EIE, ICE, Biotech, Chemical, Texti
Tech., Plastic Tech., Polymer Tech. & Textile Tech.)

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES 10 Definition, scope an

awareness forest resources: use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams an
drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems mineral resources: use effects on forests and tribal people
utilization of surface and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies f
changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logg
resources: growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case s
resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification role of an individual in conservat
use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Field study of local area to document environmental assets river / forest / gr

UNIT II ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY 14 Concept of an ecosystem structure and function of an ecosystem
decomposers energy flow in the ecosystem ecological succession food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids
features, structure and function of the (a) forest ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic eco
rivers, oceans, estuaries) introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity biogeogr
value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values biodiversity at glob
as a mega-diversity nation hot-spots of biodiversity threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-w
endemic species of India conservation of biodiversity: in-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. Field study of c
study of simple ecosystems pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
UNIT III ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 8 Definition causes, effects and control measures of: (a) air pollution (b
(d) marine pollution (e) noise pollution (f) thermal pollution (g) nuclear hazards solid waste management: causes, effe
and industrial wastes role of an individual in prevention of pollution pollution case studies disaster management:
landslides. Field study of local polluted site urban / rural / industrial / agricultural
UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 7 From unsustainable to sustainable development urban pro
conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems a
environmental ethics: issues and possible solutions climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion,
case studies. wasteland reclamation consumerism and waste products environment protection act air (preventio
water (prevention and control of pollution) act wildlife protection act forest conservation act issues involved in en
legislation public awareness.
UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 6 Population growth, variation among nations popula
programme environment and human health human rights value education hiv / aids women and child welfare
environment and human health case studies.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Gilbert M.Masters, Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Pearson Education
297-0277-0, 2004. 2. Miller T.G. Jr., Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. REFERENCES: 1. Bharuch
India, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad India. 2. Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Gu
Standards, Vol. I and II, Enviro Media. 3. Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, Environmental Encyclopedia, J
Wager K.D. Environmental Management, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA, 1998. 5. Townsend C., Harper J an
Ecology, Blackwell Science. 6. Trivedi R.K. and P.K. Goel, Introduction to Air Pollution, Techno-Science Publicatio
EE2253 CONTROL SYSTEMS L T P C (Common to EEE, EIE & ICE) 3 1 0 4 AIM To provide sound knowledge in th
theory and design of control system.

UNIT I SYSTEMS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION 9 Basic elements in control systems Open and closed loop syst
mechanical and thermal systems Transfer function Synchros AC and DC servomotors Block diagram reduction
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UNIT II TIME RESPONSE 9 Time response Time domain specifications Types of test input I and II order system
Generalized error series Steady state error P, PI, PID modes of feed back control.
UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE 9 Frequency response Bode plot Polar plot Determination of closed loop res
Correlation between frequency domain and time domain specifications.
UNIT III STABILITY OF CONTROL SYSTEM 9 Characteristics equation Location of roots in S plane for stability
locus construction Effect of pole, zero addition Gain margin and phase margin Nyquist stability criterion
UNIT IV COMPENSATOR DESIGN 9 Performance criteria Lag, lead and lag-lead networks Compensator design

EI2253 DIGITAL LOGIC CIRCUITS LT P C 3 1 0 4 AIM To introduce the fundamentals of digital circuits, combinatio
UNIT I NUMBER SYSTEMS AND BOOLEAN ALGEBRA 9
Review of number systems; types and conversion, codes. Boolean algebra: De-Morgans theorem,
switching functions and simplification using K-maps and Quine McCluskey method.
UNIT II COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS 9
Design of Logic gates. Design of adder, subtractor, comparators, code converters, encoders,
decoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers. Function realization using gates and multiplexers
UNIT III SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9
Flip flops - SR, D, JK and T. Analysis of synchronous sequential circuits; design of synchronous
sequential circuits Completely and incompletely specified sequential circuits - state diagram; state
reduction; state assignment, Counters synchronous, a synchronous, updown and Johnson
counters; shiftregisters.
UNIT IV ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENC
Analysis of asynchronous sequential machines, state assignment, asynchronous Design problem
UNIT V MEMORY DEVICES, PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES AND LOGIC
FAMILIES 9
Memories: ROM, PROM, EPROM, PLA, PLD, FPGA, digital logic families: TTL, ECL, CMOS.
L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60 PERIODS
MA2211 TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS L T P C
(Common of all branches) 3 1 0 4
OBJECTIVES
The course objective is to develop the skills of the students in the areas of Transforms and Partial
Differtial Equations. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a large number of
engineering subjects like heat conduction, communication systems, electro-optics and
electromagnetic theory. The course will also serve as a prerequisite for post graduate and
specialized studies and research.
UNIT I FOURIER SERIES 9
Dirichlets conditions General Fourier series Odd and even functions Half range sine series
Half range cosine series Complex form of Fourier Series Parsevals identify Harmonic
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Analysis.
UNIT II FOURIER TRANSFORM 9
Fourier integral theorem (without proof) Fourier transform pair Sine and
Cosine transforms Properties Transforms of simple functions Convolution theorem
Parsevals identity.
UNIT III PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9
Formation of partial differential equations - Lagranges linear equation - Solution of standard types
of first order partial differential equations Linear partial differential equations of second and higher
order with constant coefficients.
UNIT IV APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9
Solutions of one dimensional wave equation One dimensional equation of heat conduction
Steady state solution of two-dimensional equation of heat equation (Insulated edges excluded)
Fourier series solutions in cartesian coordinates.
UNIT V Z -TRANSFORM AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS 9
Z-transform - Elementary properties Inverse Z transform Convolution theorem -Formation of
difference equations Solution of difference equations using Z - transform.

CY2161 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY II L T P C

3003
AIM
To impart a sound knowledge on the principles of chemistry involving the different application
oriented topics required for all engineering branches.
OBJECTIVES
The student should be conversant with the principles electrochemistry, electrochemical
cells, emf and applications of emf measurements.
Principles of corrosion control
Chemistry of Fuels and combustion
Industrial importance of Phase rule and alloys
Analytical techniques and their importance.
UNIT I ELECTROCHEMISTRY 9
Electrochemical cells reversible and irreversible cells EMF measurement of emf Single
electrode potential Nernst equation (problem) reference electrodes Standard Hydrogen
electrode -Calomel electrode Ion selective electrode glass electrode and measurement of pH
electrochemical series significance potentiometer titrations (redox - Fe
+
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vs dichromate and
precipitation Ag
+
vs CI
titrations) and conduct metric titrations (acid-base HCI vs, NaOH)
titrations,
UNIT II CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL 9
Chemical corrosion Pilling Bedworth rule electrochemical corrosion different types
galvanic corrosion differential aeration corrosion factors influencing corrosion corrosion control
sacrificial anode and impressed cathodic current methods corrosion inhibitors protective
coatings paints constituents and functions metallic coatings electroplating (Au) and
electroless (Ni) plating.
UNIT III FUELS AND COMBUSTION 9
Calorific value classification Coal proximate and ultimate analysis metallurgical coke
manufacture by Otto-Hoffmann method Petroleum processing and fractions cracking catalytic
cracking and methods-knocking octane number and cetane number synthetic petrol Fischer
Tropsch and Bergius processes Gaseous fuels- water gas, producer gas, CNG and LPG, Flue
gas analysis Orsat apparatus theoretical air for combustion.
UNIT IV PHASE RULE AND ALLOYS 9
Statement and explanation of terms involved one component system water system
condensed phase rule construction of phase diagram by thermal analysis simple eutectic
systems (lead-silver system only) alloys importance, ferrous alloys nichrome and stainless
steel heat treatment of steel, non-ferrous alloys brass and bronze.
UNIT V ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 9
Beer-Lamberts law (problem) UV-visible spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy principles
instrumentation (problem) (block diagram only) estimation of iron by colorimetry flame
photometry principle instrumentation (block diagram only) estimation of sodium by flame
photometry atomic absorption spectroscopy principles instrumentation (block diagram only)
estimation of nickel by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. P.C.Jain and Monica Jain, Engineering Chemistry Dhanpat Rai Pub, Co., New Delhi (2002).
2. S.S.Dara A text book of Engineering Chemistry S.Chand & Co.Ltd., New Delhi (2006).
REFERENCES:
1. B.Sivasankar Engineering Chemistry Tata McGraw-Hill Pub.Co.Ltd, New Delhi (2008).
2. B.K.Sharma Engineering Chemistry Krishna Prakasan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut (2001).

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PH2161 ENGINEERING PHYSICS II L T P C

3003
UNIT I CONDUCTING MATERIALS 9
Conductors classical free electron theory of metals Electrical and thermal conductivity
Wiedemann Franz law Lorentz number Draw backs of classical theory Quantum theory
Fermi distribution function Effect of temperature on Fermi Function Density of energy states
carrier concentration in metals.
UNIT II SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 9
Intrinsic semiconductor carrier concentration derivation Fermi level Variation of Fermi level
with temperature electrical conductivity band gap determination extrinsic semiconductors
carrier concentration derivation in n-type and p-type semiconductor variation of Fermi level with
temperature and impurity concentration compound semiconductors Hall effect Determination
of Hall coefficient Applications.
UNIT III MAGNETIC AND SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS 9
Origin of magnetic moment Bohr magneton Dia and para magnetism Ferro magnetism
Domain theory Hysteresis soft and hard magnetic materials anti ferromagnetic materials
Ferrites applications magnetic recording and readout storage of magnetic data tapes, floppy
and magnetic disc drives.
Superconductivity : properties - Types of super conductors BCS theory of
superconductivity(Qualitative) - High Tc superconductors Applications of superconductors
SQUID, cryotron, magnetic levitation.
UNIT IV DIELECTRIC MATERIALS 9
Electrical susceptibility dielectric constant electronic, ionic, orientational and space charge
polarization frequency and temperature dependence of polarisation internal field Claussius
Mosotti relation (derivation) dielectric loss dielectric breakdown uses of dielectric materials
(capacitor and transformer) ferroelectricity and applications.
UNIT V MODERN ENGINEERING MATERIALS 9
Metallic glasses: preparation, properties and applications.
Shape memory alloys (SMA): Characteristics, properties of NiTi alloy, application, advantages and
disadvantages of SMA
Nanomaterials: synthesis plasma arcing chemical vapour deposition sol-gels
electrodeposition ball milling - properties of nanoparticles and applications.
Carbon nanotubes: fabrication arc method pulsed laser deposition chemical vapour deposition
- structure properties and applications.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Charles Kittel Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley & sons,
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th
edition, Singapore (2007)
2. Charles P. Poole and Frank J.Ownen, Introduction to Nanotechnology, Wiley India(2007) (for
Unit V)

MA2161 MATHEMATICS II L T P C
3104
UNIT I ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 12
Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients Method of variation of
parameters Cauchys and Legendres linear equations Simultaneous first order linear equations
with constant coefficients.
UNIT II VECTOR CALCULUS 12
Gradient Divergence and Curl Directional derivative Irrotational and solenoidal vector fields
Vector integration Greens theorem in a plane, Gauss divergence theorem and stokes theorem
(excluding proofs) Simple applications involving cubes and rectangular parallelpipeds.
UNIT III ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS 12
Functions of a complex variable Analytic functions Necessary conditions, Cauchy Riemann
equation and Sufficient conditions (excluding proofs) Harmonic and orthogonal properties of
analytic function Harmonic conjugate Construction of analytic functions Conformal mapping :
w= z+c, cz, 1/z, and bilinear transformation.
UNIT IV COMPLEX INTEGRATION 12
Complex integration Statement and applications of Cauchys integral theorem and Cauchys
integral formula Taylor and Laurent expansions Singular points Residues Residue theorem
Application of residue theorem to evaluate real integrals Unit circle and semi-circular
contour(excluding poles on boundaries).
UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORM 12
Laplace transform Conditions for existence Transform of elementary functions Basic
properties Transform of derivatives and integrals Transform of unit step function and impulse
functions Transform of periodic functions.
Definition of Inverse Laplace transform as contour integral Convolution theorem (excluding proof)
Initial and Final value theorems Solution of linear ODE of second order with constant
coefficients using Laplace transformation techniques.
TOTAL : 60 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bali N. P and Manish Goyal, Text book of Engineering Mathematics, 3
rd
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Edition, Laxmi
Publications (p) Ltd., (2008).
2. Grewal. B.S, Higher Engineering Mathematics, 40
th
Edition, Khanna Publications, Delhi,
(2007).
REFERENCES:
1. Ramana B.V, Higher Engineering Mathematics,Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New
Delhi, (2007).
2. Glyn James, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 3
rd
Edition, Pearson Education, (2007).
3. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 7
th
Edition, Wiley India, (2007).
4. Jain R.K and Iyengar S.R.K, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 3
rd
Edition, Narosa
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., (2007).

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Subject Name : OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Two Marks with Answers
UNIT-I
1. What are the Concepts of OOPs
Objects
Classes
Data Abstraction
Data Encapusulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Message Passing
Dynamic Binding
2. Differentiate Procedure Oriented Programming(POP) and Object Oriented
Programming(OOP)
POP
1) Emphasis on non-real itrem
2) Programs are divided into functions
3) Data are sharable
4) Structured Programming
5) Top-Down Approach
OOP
1) Emphasis on real item
2) Programs are divided into Objects
3) Data are not sharable
4) Object Oriented Programming
5) Bottam-Up Arpproach
3. Define Tokens
Smallest individual unit in a program. C++ tokens are Keywords, Identifiers, Constants,
Strings, Operators
4. What are the Data Types in C++
Built-in Data types
User Defined Data types
Derived Data Types
5. Write the Block Structure of C++
Include Files
Class Declaration
Member Function Defintions
Main Function Program
6. What are the Operators in C++
Scope Resolution Operator : :
Pointer-to-Pointer Member Declarator : :*
Pointer-to-Pointer Member Operator ->*
Pointer-to-Pointer Member Operator .*
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Delete-Memory Release Operator

Endl-Line feed operator
New-Memory allocation operator
Setw-Memory width operator
7. What is expression? What are the expressions in C++?
Constant Expressions
Integral Expressions
Float Expressions
Pointer Expressions
Relational Expressions
Logical Expressions
Bitwise Expressions
8. What is meant by Data Hiding?
Data are hidden inside a class, that can not be accessed by any function outside the
class. It is achived by declaring the data part as private.
9 . What is Polymorphism? What the are the types of Polymorphism.
Polymorphism mean many forms. Types of Polymorphism are
Runtime Polymorphism
Compile time Polymorphism
10. Differentiate Constructor and Destructors.
Constructors cannot be virtual. Destructors can be Virtual. Construtors must be
declared in public. Destructors must be declared in public. Constructors has arguments.
Destructors has no arguments.
11. What is function? What are the types of Function in C++?
Functions with Arguments and No Return Values
Functions with No Arguments and No Return Values
Functions with Arguments and Return Values
12. What are the Features of Inline Function?
Run Faster
Function Call & Return is Eliminated
Improves Performance
13. What are the Components of Functions?
Function Declaration
Function Parameters
Function Definition
Return Statement
Function Call
14. What is Default Arguments
A function with same name, Different arguments is known as Default Arguments
15. What is Function Overloading?
Overloading refers to the use of same thing for different purpose. i.e., Same
function name performs variety of different tasks. Also known as Function polymorphism.
16.What are the parameter passing in C++.
Pass by value
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Pass by Address
Pass by reference
17. Define Class?
A class encloses both data and functions that operate on the data, into a single unit.
18. Define Object Based Language.
Object Based Language=Encapsulation + Object Identity
Object Oriented Language= Object Based Features + Inheritance + Polymorphism
19. What are the Access Specifiers in C++.
Public
Private
Protected
20. What is Static Variables?
Defined with in the function, static variable initialized only once. Contents of the
variables retained throughout the program.
21. Static Member Functions?
Static Function can have accessed by only static members declared in the same
class. Static member function called using the name of class instead of its objects.
22. Define Constructor.
It is a member function having name of its class. It is executed automatically when
object is created. It is used to initialize object and allocate the necessary memory.
23. Define Destructor.
It is a member function having the char ~ followed by name of its class. It is executed
automatically when object goes out of scope. A class must have only one constructor.
24. Define Constructor Overloading.
A class can have multiple constructors. This is called constructor overloading.
25. What is order of Constructor and Destructor
When more than one object is created, they are destroyed in the reverse
Chronological order. Object created must recently is the first one to be destroyed.
26. What is meant by Parameterized constructors.
Constructor that can take arguments are called parameterized constructor.
27. What is meant by Copy Constructors?
It is used to declare and initialize an object from another object
For example
Integer i2 (i1)
Define I2 and at the same time initialize it to the values of i1.

UNIT - II
1. Define Friend Function.
Private members cannot be accessed from outside the class. To make an outside
function Friendly to a class, declare this function as a friend of the class.
2. What is meant by Friend Class?
We can also declare all the member function of one class the friend of another class. In
such cases , the class is called a friend class.
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3. What are the Special Characteristics of Friend Function?

The function definition does not use friend keyword
It is not in the scope of the class which is declared as friend
It can be called like normal function without the help of any object
Friend function acts as a Bridge between 2 classes
4. Define Operator Overloading?
To define an additional task to an operator. Mechanism of giving such special
meanings to an operator is known as Operator Overloading.
5. What are the Operators of C++ that cannot be overloaded?
. , .* - class member access operator
:: - Scope Resolution Operaotr
Sizeof-Size of Operator
?:- Conditional Operator
6. Define Inheritance.
Creating new class from old class. (or) Deriving a new class from old class.
7. What are types of Inheritance?
Single Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
Multilevel Inheritance
Hybrid Inheritance
Hierarchical Inheritance
8. What are visibility modes of Inheritance?
Private
Public
Protected
Note: Private members are not inheritable, inaccessible to the objects of derived class.
9. How can you define member functions in c++?
Defined inside the classDefined outside the class
10. What is meant by Abstract Class?
It is the one that is not used to create objects. That is, abstract class is designed only
to act as a base class.
11. What is meant by intermediate base class?
In multilevel inheritance, first level derived class is known as intermediate base
class.
12. What is meant by Automatic Initialization of objects.
C++ provides a special member function called the constructor which enables an
object to initialize itself when it is created.
13 . What is meant by Hybrid Inheritance?
2 or more types of inheritance used to derive a class. 2 or set of class acts as a base
class, from which we can derive a new class.
14. What is meant by Multipath Inheritance?
Consists of multiple, multilevel and hierarchical inheritance.
15. Define Virtual Base Class.
Duplication of inherited members due to multiple paths can be avoided by making
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the common base class as virtual base class.

16. Define Virtual Function?
It is used to invoke exact version of the member function. Virtual functions should
be defined in the public section of a class
17. How can you access the virtual functions.
Virtual functions have to be accessed through a pointer to the base class. It is not
accessible directly.
What are the types of type conversion?
conversion from basic type to class type
conversion from class type to basic type
conversion from one class type to another
18. What is operator overloading?
The mechanism of giving such special meanings to an operator is known as operator
overloading. or In c++ you can give special meanings to operators when they are
used with user defined classes. This is called operator overloading.
19. Why is it necessary to overload an operator?
To define a new relation task to an operator, we must specify what it means in
relation to the class to which the operator is applied. This is done with the help of a special
function called operator function.
Or
It allows the developer to program using notation closer to the target domain and
allow user types to look like types built into the language.
Or
The ability to tell the compiler how to perform a certain operation when its
corresponding operator is used on one or more variables.
20. What is a conversion function? How it is created? Explain its syntax
The type of data to the right of an assignment operator is automatically converted to
the type of the variable on the left. For e.g., the statements
int m;
float x=3.14;
m=x;
Convert x to an integer before its value is assigned t0 m. thus the fractional part is
truncated.
21. When is a friend function compulsory? Give an eg.
A friend function is necessary when you an function outside the class. And to access
the private members of the class or the member function and also friend class can
directly access the private and protected data.

UNIT III
1. What is containership?
A class can contain objects of other classes. It is known as containership.
2. What is meant by pure virtual function?
A virtual function, equated to zero is called a pure virtual function.
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3. What are rules for virtual function.

The virtual functions must be members of some class
They can not be static members
They are accessed by object pointers
Virtual function can be friend of another class.
4. What is meant by Streams?
A stream is a sequence of bytes and serves as a source or destination for an I/O data.
There 2 types of streams
Input stream
Output stream
5. Differentiate input and output stream.
Input stream provides data to the program
Output stream receives output from the program
6. How can you access private members?
There are mechanism to access even private data using friend function, pointer to
members etc from outside the class.
7. What is meant by empty class?
Empty class consists of no member functions and no member variables
For example
Class abcd
{
---}
8. What are the benefits of inheritance?
Code Reuse
Ease of code maintainence
Increase reliability
Improved performance
Less maintenance
Easy to extension
9. What are the Unformatted I/O Operations?
Cin
Cout
Get()
Put()
10. Differentiate Get() and Put() member functions.
Get() member functions used to read single character from keyboard and Put()
member functions used to write single character to screen.
11. Differentiate Getline() and Putline() member functions.
Getline() Function reads strings and ends with newline character
Putline() function displays strings on the screen.
12. What is meant by pure abstract class?
A class containing pure virtual function is called pure abstract class .
13. What is meant by Concreate Class.
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A class containing no pure virtual function is known as concreate class.

14. What are the ios format functions.?
Width()
Precison()
Fill()
Setf
Unsef
15. What is meant by manipulators
The header file iomanip provides a set of functions called manipulators which can
be used to manipulate the output formats. They provide same features as that of the ios
member functions and flags.
16. What are manipulators in C++?
Setw(w)
Setprecison(d)
Setfill(c)
Setiosflags(f)
Resetiosflags(f)
Endl
17. Define file.
File is collection of Records. Record is a collection of different data.
18. Differentiate file input stream and file output stream?
I/P Stream extracts data from file
O/P Stream inserts data to to file
19. What are operations on file?
Name the file on the disk
Open the file
Process the file(Read/Write)
Check for errors while processing
Close the file
20. What are the file stream class?
Filebuf
Fstreambase
Ifstream
Ofstream
Fstream
21. What is meant by Static binding.
The Addresses of the functions are determined at runtime rather than compile time.
Also known as late binding.
22. What is meant by Dynamic binding?
Opposite to Static binding. The functions are bound to the code to be executed at
compile time. Also known as early binding.
23. What is meant by Reusability?
Supported by OOPs. This allows reuse of existing classes without redefinition.
That is reusing of existing classes .
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24. What is meant by instance of classes?

An instance of a class is an object whose type is class.
25. What is STL?
A collection of generic classes and functions is called the Standard Template
Library. STL components are part of C++ standard Library.
26. What are three components of STL
The STL components are containers, algorithms and iterators.
27. Define containers.
Containers are objects that hold data of same type. Containers are divided into three
major categories: sequential, associative and derived.
28. What is iterators? What is its characteristic?
An iterator is an object (like a pointer) that points to an element in a container. We
can use iterators to move through the contents of containers. Iterators connect algorithms
with containers and play a key role in the manipulation of data stored in the containers.
29. What are the best situations for the use of the associative containers
Associate containers are designed to support direct access to elements using keys
they are not sequential. Containers are best suited for fast searching, deletion and insertion
of data in a structure called tree.
30. Compare the performance characteristics of the 3 containers.
Container Random
access
Insertion or deletion
in the middle
Inserton or deletion at the
ends
Vector Fast Slow Fast at Back
List Slow Fast Fast at front
Deque Fast Slow Fast at both the ends

UNIT - IV
1. What is meant by Java?
Object Oriented Multithreaded High Level Programming Language developed by
sun Microsystems in 1991.
2. What is meant by Platform?
Platform is the hardware or system software environment in which your program
runs. Most platforms are described as a combination of hardware and operating system.
3. Java is platform independent language. Justify.
Platform is the hardware or system software environment in which your program
runs. Moreover java language run by any operating system, thats why java is called
platform independent languages.
4. What is meant by Java Application?
An Application is a program that runs on your computer, under the operating system
of that system
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5. What is meant by Java Applet?

An Applet is an application designed to be transmitted over the internet and
executed by a Java-Compatible web browser.
6. Define JDK.
JDK(Java Development Kit). JDK is a software package from Sun Microsystems.
Latest version of JDK is 1.5. This software package contains tools.
7. What are the JDK Tools
Javac- Java Compiler
Java Java interpreter
Jdb Java Debugger
Javap- Java Disassembler
Javadoc- Java Documentation
Javah - Java Header file Generator
The Appletviewer
8. What are features of java
Simple
Object Oriented
Distributed
Interpreted
Robust
Secure
Architecture-Neutral
Portable
High Performance
Multithreaded
Dynamic Language
9. What are features does not supported by java?
Goto statement
Multiple inheritance
Operator overloading
Structures and Unions allowed
Pointers
10. What are features supported by java
Automatic memory management
Multithreaded programs
11. Define Java Character Set.
Alphabets
Digits
Special characters
Java uses Unicode character set.
12. What is meant by Java Class Defintion?
A java program contains 2 parts. They are
A class definition that encloses the entire program
A main() method that contains the body.
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Every java program should contain atleast one class.

13. What is meant by bytecode in java?
Java compiler after compiling the program creates a new file referred as the class
file, which contains a special code referred as the bytecode. It is similar to machine
language, but unlike machine language, java byte code is exactly the same on every
platform.
14. Define JVM.
It is an abstract computing machine, having an instruction and memory, which is
used to implement the java program language. The JVM is responsible for cross-platform
portability of java.
15. Define API.
Java API are libraries of compiled code that you can use in your programs. They
let you add readymade and customizable functionality to save your programming time.
16. Define Garbage Collection in Java?
Garbage Collection also referred as automatic memory management. Periodically
frees the memory used by objects that are no longer needed. The garbage collector in java
scans dynamic memory areas for objects and marks those that are referenced. After all
possible paths to objects are investigated the unreferenced objects are freed.
17. How multiple inheritance is achieved in java?
Java does not support multiple inheritance. It is achieved by the use interface.
18. State the use of super keyword in java
The super keyword is used to access a member of an immediate base class, from a
derived class.
19. Mention the various access levels supported in java
Public
Protected
Private
20. Define method overloading.
Java enables 2 or more methods with same name but with different signatures. The
signature includes the number of type, and sequence of the arguments passed to a method.
The capability to overload a method is referred to as overloading methods.
UNIT V
1. Define Method Overriding.
When you have 2 methods with same name and same arguments list, one present in
the base class and another present in the sub class. When you access the method in the
base class using the object of the derived class, the method in the derived class will be
called instead of the method in the base class. The derived class method has overridden the
base class method.
2. Write about Access Control in Java?
Public - Accessible to all the classes
Private - Accessible to the class in which it is defined
Protected - Accessible to within the class, by all the classes derived from the class
Package - Default level of Access in java
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3. What is use of Final keyword in java?

The Final keyword is similar to the keyword Const in C/C++. It is used several
different circumstances as a modifier meaning you can not reassign the same in some sense
4. List the Classes that represent strings in java
String
StingBuffer
5. What is package?
Package is a collection of related classes and interfaces. It is also defined as
putting classes together
6. What are the package of Java?
Java API Packages
User Defined Packages
7. Write about API Packages?
Java API provides a large number of classes grouped into different packages
according to functionality.
Language Package(java.lang)
Utilities Package(java.util)
I/O Package(java.io)
Networking Package(java.net)
Applet Package(java.applet)
AWT Package(java.awt)
8.Java does not support multiple inheritance. Why?
Classes in java cannot have more than one superclass.
For example
Class A extends B extends C
{
----}
is not permitted in java.
9. What is meant by Nested Class?
A nested class is a class that is a member of another class.
10. What is meant by inner class?
Inner class is a class whose body is defined inside of another class. That is class
Contains another class.
11. What is meant by Wrapper Classes?
Corresponding to all the primitive data types java defines a set of classes referred
as wrapper classes, which serves as class versions of the fundamental data types and named
similar to the data types.
12. Define Instance of Operator in java?
The instance of operator is a keyword, which is used to find out whether the object
belongs to which class instance or not. Note that the instance of operator will cause a
compile time error if it is used to check a class when there is no inheritance.
13. Define Interface.
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An Interface is basically a kind of class. Like classes, interfaces contain methods

and variables with difference. That is interface do not specify any code to implement these
methods
14. What is meant by Exception?
An Exception is an condition that is caused by a runtime error in the program. An
error may produce an incorrect output or may terminate the execution of the program.
15. Define Sub classing.
Sub classing is the creation of new class that inherits from an existing class in the
class hierarchy.
16. Mention some of the important classes present in java.net package.
The inetaddress class
URL class
Socket Class
The contenthandler class
17. What is the Significance of class path.
Java interpreter uses an environment variable classpath, to determine the path to
look for user defined classes.
18. Define Multithreading?
Multitasking means executing several programs at a time, in system terminology, it
is called multithreading. Thread is single line of execution with in the program.
19. What is life cycle of thread?
New born state
Runnable state
Running state
Blocked state
Dead state
20. Define Synchronization.
One thread try to read a record from a file while another is still writing to the same
file. Depending on the situation, we may get strange results. To overcome this problem
using a technique known as synchronization.
21. What is meant by Deadlock?
Deadlock occurs when 2 or more threads are waiting for resources that they cant
get.
22. Derived class is usually larger than the base class. Why?
A derived class usually larger than base class, since is normally adds data members
and memory function in addition to what it inherits from the base class.
Part B
1. What is a friend function? What are the merits and demerties of using friend function?
2. Explain about friend class and friend function with eg.?
3. What is inline function? Explain
4. Compare object oriented methodology with structure programming.
5. Write a program in c++ to input a four digit number and to write the same in words.
6. What is function polymorphism? explain with suitable eg
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7. Create a class student and write a c++ program to read and display all the students in
your class.
8. Describe briefly the features of input/output supported by C++
9. explain the nested classes with suitable eg.
10. write a C++ program to add two complex number using the concept of passing and
returning objects in member function
11. what are access specifiers?how are the used to protect data in C++?
12. Explain with an eg, How you would create space for an array of objects using pointer.
13. explain the following with eg
Pointer to object
Array of pointers
Pointer to object members
14. Explain the following with an eg.
a. copy constructor
b. parameterized constructor
c. default argument constructor
d. dynamic constructor
15. what are virtual functions? Give an eg to highlight its need?
16. give the hierarchy of console stream class
17. Explain how exceptions are handled in c++. Give examples to support your answer.
18. Implement a String class. Each object of this class will represent a characters string.
Data members are the Length of the string and the actual characters String In addition to constructors, destructor acc
function include a subscript function.
19. Explain Method overriding in Java with an eg.
20. Construct the pictorial representation of Java Virtual Machine.
21. Write a program in java using constructor concept.
22. What are the different statements and its use in java?
23. Illustrate Inheritance in Java with suitable program.
24. Give a explanatory answer to define the difference between Java and C++,
Characteristics of Java and the concepts in java
25. Explain the Life cycle of Thread with an eg
26. Describe package concept to perform arithmetic operations. Explain
how to use it?
27. Explain the different states in Life cycle of applet?
28. Define Interfaces? Explain the extension of interfaces, implementation and accessing it.
29. What are the Different Exceptions caught, Explain the types with eg program.
30. Explain try, catch and finally statements with eg.

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14. (a) Write notes on ROM and its types.

(16)

Or
(b) (i) A combinational logic circuit is defined by the following
function.

(10)

f1(a,b,c) = (O, 1, 6, 7),

f2(a, b, e) = (2, 3, 5,7)

Implement the circuit with a PAL having three inputs, product terms and two outputs.
(ii) Describe the concept and working of FPGA.

(6)

15. (a) Explain RTL design using VHDL with the help of
example.
(16)
Or
(b) Write the VHDL code for mod 6 counter.
(16)
11. (a) (i) Implement the following Boolean function with NAND NAND logic. :
Y=AC+ABC+ABC+AB+D
(6)
(ii) Simplify and implement the following sop function using NOR gates. .
f(A,B,C,D) = m(0, 1, 4, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15).
(10)
Or
(b) (i) Implement the given function using multiplexer
F(x, y, z)= (0, 2, 6, 7).
(8)
(ii) Implement full subtractor using demuitiplexer.
(8)

12. (a)(i) Realize SR flip-flop using NOR gates and explain its
operation.
(8)
(ii) Convert a SR flip-flop into JK flip-flop.
(8)
Or
(b) A sequential circuit with 2D FFs A and B and input X and output Y is specified by the
following next state and output equations.
A(t+1)=AX+BX .
B(t1)=AX .
Y =(A+B)X
(i) Draw the logic diagram of the circuit.
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(ii) Derive the state table.

(iii) Derive the state diagram.

(16)

13. (a) (i) Design a pulse mode circuit with inputs x1, x2, x3 and output Z as shown in figure
1.
(ii) The output should change from O to 1, only for input sequence x1 x2 x3 occurs
while z = O. Also the output z should remain in 1 until x2 occurs Use SR flip-flops for the
design.
(16)
OR

(b) (i) List and explain the steps used for analyzing an asynchronous sequential
circuit.
(8)

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Sheet4

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITSPART-A (2 MARKS)

1) Write a HDL code for state machine to BCD to ex3 codes Converter.
2) Write a behavioral VHDL description of the 4 bit counter.
I) Write VHDL code for a full sub tractor using logic Equation (8 Marks) (II) Write a VHDL
description of an S-R latch using a process (8 Marks)
4) Write a HDL code for 8:1 MUX using behavioral model
5) Write the HDL description of the circuit specified by the Following Boolean equations (16 marks)
S = xy + x y C =xy
6) (I) Write an HDL data flow description of a 4 bit adder subtractor of Unsigned numbers use the
conditional operator (16 marks) (II) Write the HDL gate level description of the priority encoder (16
marks

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VHDL code to simulate 4-Bit Binary Counter by software using spartan 3 tyro

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VHDL code to simulate 4-bit Binary Counter by Software

Experiments Covered

Up Counter

Down Counter

Up/Down Counter

Software - Xilinx ISE 9.2

VHDL code to simulate 4-Bit Binary Counter by software

COUNTERS

A counter is a device which stores the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Th
of counters:

up counters

down counters

Up counters

Each of the higher-order flip-flops are made ready to toggle (both J and K inputs "high") if the Q outputs of all previous flip-flops are "high
and K inputs for that flip-flop will both be "low," placing it into the "latch" mode where it will maintain its present output state at the next c
the first (LSB) flip-flop needs to toggle at every clock pulse, its J and K inputs are connected to Vcc or Vdd, where they will be "high" all th

Up Counter (Program for 4-bit binary counter using behavior description)

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Description

In this program an up counter has a 1- bit input and a 4- bit output. Additional control signals may be added such as enable. The output of th
depends on the level of the select line.

Flow Chart

Code Listing

library IEEE;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity counter is
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port(Clock, CLR : in std_logic;

Q : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));

end counter;

architecture archi of counter is

signal tmp: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

begin

process (Clock, CLR)

begin

if (CLR='1') then

tmp <= "0000";

elsif (Clock'event and Clock='1') then

tmp <= tmp + 1;

end if;

end process;

Q <= tmp;
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end archi;

Result

SW : PSTYRO-FPGASP3\Code\EXA-8a\..............

Down Counter (Program for 4-bit binary counter using behavior description)

Description

In this program a down counter has a 1- bit input and a 4- bit output. Additional control signals may be added such as enable. The output of
depends on the level of the select line.

Flow Chart

Code Listing

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity counter is

port(Clock, CLR : in std_logic;

Q : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));

end counter;

architecture archi of counter is

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signal tmp: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

begin

process (Clock, CLR)

begin

if (CLR='1') then

tmp <= "1111";

elsif (Clock'event and Clock='1') then

tmp <= tmp - 1;

end if;

end process;

Q <= tmp;

end archi;

end process;

Q <= tmp;

end archi;

Result
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SW : PSTYRO-FPGASP3\Code\EXA-8b\..............

Up/Down Counter (Program for 4-bit binary counter using behavior description)

Description

The Up/Down control input line simply enables either the upper string or lower string of AND gates to pass the Q/Q' outputs to the succeed
flops. If the Up/Down control line is "high," the top AND gates become enabled. If the Up/Down control line is made "low," the bottom AN
enabled.

Flow Chart

Code Listing

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity counter is

port(C, CLR, up_down : in std_logic;

Q : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));

end counter;

architecture archi of counter is

signal tmp: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

begin
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process (C, CLR)

begin

if (CLR='1') then

tmp <= "0000";

elsif (C'event and C='1') then

if (up_down='1') then

tmp <= tmp + 1;

else

tmp <= tmp - 1;

end if;

end if;

end process;

Q <= tmp;

end archi;

end process;

Q <= tmp;
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end archi;

end process;

Q <= tmp;

end archi;

We will complete our introduction to code converters by designing an Excess-3 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) circuit. The term BCD refers
BCD TO EXCESS-3 CODE CONVERTER SYNTHESIS
the ten decimal digits in binary forms; which simply means to count in binary; see Table 1 below. The Excess-3 system simply adds 3 to eac
the codes look different. We will not venture to discuss the importance of the Excess-3 BCD system because the discussion would serve too
from our present purpose and the cost would outweigh the benefit. Suffice it to say that the Excess-3 BCD system has some properties that
early computers.

Our task now is to use the truth table to find four switching expressions: one for W, one for X, one for Y, and one for Z. We have two choice
Boolean algebraic manipulations, or we can use Karnaugh Maps. For the sake of expediency we will solve for the variables using K-Maps.
how to use Boolean algebraic manipulations, read the Boolean Algebra article.

In the four K-maps that follow, the xs are referred to as dont cares . These dont cares are available because if you look at the truth table
WXYZ valuations exist for ABCD = 1010, ABCD = 1011, ABCD = 1100, ABCD = 1101, ABCD = 1110, and ABCD = 1111. As such, we e
xxxx for each of these entries. And we are free to use these xs as we please (as 0s or as 1s where convenient) since we cant really hurt any

Table 4: Karnaugh Map for W

W = A + BD + BC = A + B (D + C)

For X:

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Table 5: Karnaugh Map for X

X = BCD + BD + BC = BCD + B (D + C)

For Y:

Table 6: Karnaugh Map for Y

Y = CD + CD

For Z:

Table 7: Karnaugh Map for Z

Z = D
Now we have all the four switching functions we need to build the Excess-3 circuit:
W
X
Y
Z

THE BCD TO EXCESS 3 CODE CONVERTER

by Isai Damier

Here is how we will build the circuit. We will implement the circuit for output W first; only then will we add the out for X; then for Y; then
one output at a time methodology to allow us to test each output as it is built, so to catch errors early in the synthesis process.

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Here is the interactive circuit for the output W. Play around with it to see that it works.

Circuit 1 Play around with the circuit to see that it works.

Now we will add the output for X. Notice that X can be rewritten as X = B(C + D) + B (D + C). So all we need is an XOR gate to combin
Test Circuit 2 below to see that it implements X = BCD + B (D + C).

Circuit 2 Play around with the circuit to see that it works.

We will add the output for Y the same way. Y is simply the XNOR of C and D. Play around with Circuit 3 to see that it implements Y = CD

Circuit 3 Play around with the circuit to see that it works.

The final step in our implementation is to add the output for Z, which is just D. Circuit 4 below is the final circuit; it is the BCD to Excess

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A + BD + BC
= A + B (D +
C)
BCD + BD +
BC = BCD +
B (D + C)

CD + CD

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