CONFIDENCE INTERVAL IN SINGLE PROPORTION:

Recall that in finding the confidence interval in single mean of normal distribution,
=
!

!
!

A binomial distribution has a mean and variance (1 - ).

Thus, in finding the confidence interval in single proportion, as long as n is sufficiently large,
=
!

(1 )

Note that at 90% confidence interval, use z = 1.645

at 95% confidence interval, use z = 1.96
at 99% confidence interval, use z = 2.575
INFERENCE IN PROPORTIONS
Assumptions in tests involving inference in proportions:
samples are randomly selected to avoid bias in the estimate of
from binomial experiments: there are only two possible outcomes, success and failure 1 -
a binomial distribution has a mean and variance (1 - ).
n 5
INFERENCE IN SINGLE PROPORTION
- determines if the sample proportion is from a population with mean .

=
(1 )

EXAMPLES:
1. In a random sample of 500 Asian males, it was found that only 13 suffers from red-green color blindness. Do the data provide
sufficient evidence that below 5% of Asian males suffer from red-green color blindness? Test at = 0.05.
Hypotheses:
Ho: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Ha: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Construct the 95% confidence interval for .

Test Statistic:

Critical Value(s): _________

Decision: _____________

p-value: __________

Conclusion: ____________________________________________________________________________________

INFERENCE IN TWO PROPORTIONS

- determines if the parameters, ! = ! do not differ.

!! !!! ! !! !!!
! !!!
!!

! !!!
!
!!

, where =

!! !!!
!! !!!

EXAMPLE:
[autism.sav] Autism is reported to be more common in males than in females. To test this claim, a randomly selected 800 males and 1200
females were tested for autism and found that 12 males and 4 females were positive for autism. Is there a reason to believe that the
proportion of males with autism is and females do not differ. Test at 5% level of significance.
Hypotheses:
Ho: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Ha: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Statistic:

Using chi-square test of homogeneity:

Male
Female TOTAL
Autism
No Autism
TOTAL

Critical Value(s): _________

Decision:

p-value: __________

_____________

Conclusion: ____________________________________________________________________________________
INFERENCE IN TWO OR MORE PROPORTIONS
(Chi-square test of homogeneity)
- extension of z-test for two proportions
- assumes that not more than 20% of the k categories have Ek < 5.
Note that Chi-square test of homogeneity assumes independent groups.

! =

!! !!! !
!!

, where ! =

!"# !"!#$ !"#$%& !"!#$

!"#$%&& !"!#$

with df = (# of rows 1)(# of columns 1)

EXAMPLE:
[dengueseason.sav] A researcher wants to determine if dengue has, still, a seasonal
pattern. From the 400 random cases gathered for each quarter of year 2012, it was
found that 4, 10, 14, and 11 were found to had dengue during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th
quarter, respectively. Do we have a reason to believe that dengue has no seasonal
pattern? Test at = 0.05
Hypotheses:
Ho: ____________________________________________________
Ha: ____________________________________________________
Test Statistic:
1st Quarter

2nd Quarter

3rd Quarter

4th Quarter

TOTAL

Dengue
No Dengue

Critical Value: _________

Decision:

_____________

Conclusion: _____________________________________________________________________________________