Narrative tenses

Put each verb in brackets into a suitable past verb form. When Professor Mallory, the
famous archaeologist, (1) invited. (invite) me to take part in his expedition to find
the Lost City of the Himalayas, I (2) _________________ (not hesitate) to accept his
invitation. Mallory (3) _________________ (discover) an ancient map showing the
position of the city, although no European (4) (ever go) to the area before. In fact,
most of Mallory's colleagues either (5) _________________ (believe) that the city (6)
_________________ (never exist) or (7) _________________ (feel) that it (8)
_________________ (vanish) long ago and (9) _________________ (become) simply a
legend. According to the Professor, the builders of the city (10) _________________
(hide) it among the mountains in order to protect its immense riches. He (11)
_________________ (believe) that the descendants of these ancient people (12)
_________________ (still keep) themselves apart from the rest of mankind for the very
same reasons. So when we (13) _________________ (set off) on a cool May morning
towards the distant mountains, each of us (14) _________________ (look forward) to
exciting discoveries. For a week or more we (15) _________________ (climb) higher and
higher, following the map, which Mallory (16) _________________ (study) from time to
time. Then one afternoon, while we (17) _________________ (rest) at the top of a
valley, we (18) _________________ (notice) that a rider on a horse (19)
_________________ (wave) at us from the other side of the valley. A rider whose
clothes (20) _________________ (shine) like gold!

Participle clauses
a) Norman collected the parcel, but then he realised it was the wrong one.
After collecting the parcel, Norman realized it was the wrong one.
b) Sue left the house but first she checked that she had her keys.
Before
c) Mark was parking his car when he noticed the wing-mirror was broken.
While
d) Julia cleaned the house, but then she fell asleep on the sofa.
After
e) Brian bought a new television, but first he checked all the prices.
Before
f) Alan was skiing in Switzerland and met his old friend, Ken.
While
g) Kate took two aspirins, and then she felt a lot better.
After
h) Sheila went out for the evening, but first she washed her hair.
Before

Gerund or infinitive
a) Jack said that he hadn't cheated in the exam. cheating
Jack denied cheating in the exam.
b) It was difficult for me not to laugh at Wendy's letter. help
I _____________________________________________________at Wendy's letter.
c) I'm sorry but you have not been appointed to the post. regret
I _____________________________________________________ you have not been appointed
to the post.
d) I needed a drink of water and so I stopped running. to
I stopped running _____________________________________________________water.
e) I think it would be a good idea to take the train. taking
I _____________________________________________________the train.
f) Don't forget the lights when you leave. off
Don't forget _____________________________________________________when you leave.
g) I think Derek has forgotten the meeting. appears
Derek _____________________________________________________the meeting.
h) My neighbour said he would call the police! threatened
My neighbour _____________________________________________________the police.
Modal verbs
a) I think you should give up smoking immediately. had
I think you ...had better give up smoking immediately.
b) I expect we will get there by 5.00, if there isn't too much traffic. should
We __________________________________ 5.00, if there isn't too much traffic.
c) Is it necessary for me to bring my passport? have
Do__________________________________ my passport?
d) I am sure that the cat is in the house somewhere. be
The cat__________________________________ in the house somewhere.
e) An aerial is not required with this radio. have
You don't __________________________________ an aerial with this radio.
f) It is very inconvenient if you can't drive. to
It's very inconvenient if __________________________________ drive
g) I am sure that John is not the thief. be
John__________________________________ the thief.
h) I am certain that Norman will be late. bound
Norman__________________________________ late.
i) All students should report to the main hall at 9.00. are
All students__________________________________ to the main hall at 9.00.
j) I thought that you would know better! ought
You__________________________________ better!