Turkish Journal of Science & Technology

Volume 4, No 1, 31- 44, 2009

Investigation of Residual Stresses on Transversally Loaded

Thermoplastic Composite Plates
Kadir TURAN, Mete Onur KAMAN and Mustafa GR
Firat University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 23119, Elazig, TURKEY
kturan@firat.edu.tr
(Received: 27.11.2008; Accepted: 19.03.2009)
Abstract
In this study, elastic-plastic stress analysis is performed in thermoplastic plate, which has symmetric and antisymmetric bonded laminated, with circular or square hole in the centre of plate. Elastic-plastic stress analysis is
carried out on the laminated composite plate by using finite element method. The finite element package
program ANSYS is used to perform the numerical analysis using eight node layered shell elements. In the
analysis, the loads are applied transversally and plate edges are simply supported. Loading is gradually increased
from zero to yield point of the plate as 0.0001 MPa at each load steps. The residual stresses are calculated for
yield load +100 load steps and their expansion is investigated with +50, +100 and +150 load steps. The
maximum residual stress at upper and lower surfaces of plate with different fiber orientations is found. The
results of the residual stress are compared with other plates having square and circular holes. It is seen that the
difference between yield loads and residual stress values of composite plates with square and circular hole is
minor and plastic zones and residual stress values of the composite plate are increased by increasing transverse
loads.
Keywords: Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis, Thermoplastic Composites, Finite Element Method.

Dzlemine Dik Yklenmi Termoplastik Kompozit Levhalarda Artk

Gerilmelerin Aratrlmas
zet
Bu almada ortasnda dairesel ve kare delik bulunan, simetrik ve anti-simetrik tabaka dizilimine sahip
termoplastik levhada elasto-plastik gerilme analizi sonlu elemanlar metodu kullanlarak yaplmtr. Elasto plastik gerilme analizi tabakal kompozit malzemeler iin sonlu elemanlar metodunu kullanarak yaplmtr.
Saysal zm, sekiz dml tabakal kabuk eleman kullanlarak ANSYS sonlu eleman paket program ile
yaplmtr. Analizde yklemeler tabaka dzlemine dik dorultuda uygulanm ve plaka kenarlarndan basit
mesnet tipi ile mesnetlenmitir. Ykleme sfrdan balamak zere plakann akma noktasna kadar her bir adm
iin 0.0001 MPa lk artmlarla kademeli olarak yaplmtr. Artk gerilmeler, plakann akma noktasndaki yk
deerinden sonraki +100 yk adm iin hesaplanmtr ve plastik blgenin yaylm ise +50, +100 ve +150 yk
adm iin aratrlmtr. Maksimum artk gerilmeler farkl fiber dizilimleri iin plakann alt ve st yzeylerinde
bulunmutur. Artk gerilme deerleri kare ve dairesel delie sahip levhalar iin karlatrlmtr. Kare ve
dairesel delie sahip kompozit levhalarn akma gerilmeleri ve artk gerilme deerleri arasndaki farkn ok kk
olduu ve yk artna bal olarak artk gerilmelerin ve plastik blgelerin artt grlmtr.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Elasto-Plastik Gerilme Analizi, Termoplastik Kompozitler, Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu.

1 . Introduction
The fiber reinforced composites have been
used in many structures and commercial
applications in industry for a long time because
of their improved inter laminar fracture
toughness, increased impact resistance, higher

strength to weight ratio, resistance to corrosion,

improved fatigue properties, electrical resistance
and design freedom etc. The use of advanced
fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite
materials has increased significantly in recent
years. High specific strength and stiffness make
composites candidate materials for many

Kadir Turan, Mete Onur Kaman, Mustafa Gur

taken into account. Vaziri et al. [8] presented a

new finite element program for in plane loading
of FRC laminates. The program was based on a
new
comprehensive
constitutive
model
incorporating yielding and failure in a unified
manner. Sayman and Zor [9] studied on a lowdensity
polyethylene
(LDFE,
F.2.12)
thermoplastic composite beam reinforced with
woven steel fibers loaded by a uniformly
distributed force on the upper surface. A closed
form solution was performed by satisfying both
equations of equilibrium and boundary
conditions. Ata and Sayman [10] examined
elastic-plastic stresses and expansion of failure
zone in clamped and simply supported aluminum
metalmatrix laminated plates. They used finite
element code and first order shear deformation
theory on a plate which was loaded transversally
and supporting types were clamped and simply
supported conditions. zcan [11] studied elasticplastic stress analysis in thermoplastic composite
laminated plates under in plane loading
conditions. Finite element code was used in
numerical solution on a plate which had a
circular hole at the center of the lamina. Arslan et
al. [1] examined elastic-plastic behavior in a
thermoplastic composite laminated plate with a
rectangular hole at the center of the plate. The
plate was loaded transversally and numerical
solution was obtained from finite element code
and first order shear deformation theory.
Karakuzu et al. [2] analyzed residual stresses in a
woven steel fiber reinforced thermoplastic
laminated composite material which was loaded
transversally and supported simply. They studied
the effect of ply number, orientation angle and
bonding type by using ANSYS finite element
program. Sayman and Aksoy [12] achieved
elastic-plastic stress analysis of simply supported
and clamped aluminum metal-matrix composite
laminated plates with a hole. It was presented
that the expansion of plastic region and residual
stress components were obtained on the upper
and lower surface of the plates by using finite
element method.

machine component applications [1]. In contrast

to
thermoset
matrix
composites,
the
thermoplastic composite materials have a
yielding behavior. The yielding behavior is very
important in materials selection. When machine
components are exposed to limits beyond their
yielding stresses limit, plastic deformations
occur. Such plastic deformations increase strain
hardening and redistribution of localized stress
concentrations
in
machine
components.
However; thermoplastic composite materials
possess many different properties; for instance,
they are easily repaired, recycled and have high
fracture toughness.
The thermoplastic
composites can be remelted and local cracks and
delaminations are easily repaired by this way.
Therefore, the characterization of the elasticplastic response is indispensable in the limit
analysis stage, which must be performed along
the reliable design processes for composite
structures involving plasticity effects in the
nonlinear behavior [2]. There is a growing need
to combine metals with polymeric composites in
order to optimize the strength, weight and
durability of components in aircrafts, railway
vehicles and spacecraft applications. In addition
to these requirements, in recent years,
applications of reinforced thermoplastic have
increased constantly in various fields such as
automobiles, marine equipments etc. [3, 4]. The
geometrical non linearity such as a circular or
rectangular hole, which increases stresses and
leads to plastic deformations on plate, is the
main problem of the plasticity .
El-Din et al. [5] developed a three-dimensional
finite element code for the elastic-plastic
analysis of fiber-reinforced composite materials
and structures. They obtained the solution of the
nonlinear equilibrium equations with a Newton
Raphson type iteration technique. Owen and
Figueiras [6] presented the anisotropic elasticplastic finite element analysis of thick and thin
plates and shells. Jeronimidis and Parkyn [7]
investigated the residual stresses in APC-2 crossply laminates. Predictions based on classical
laminate theory were compared to measure
levels of residual stress obtained from a number
of experimental techniques. The analysis of the
results showed that accurate predictions could be
made provided that the changes in thermo elastic
properties of the materials with temperature were

The main aim of the present study is to

determine the residual stresses on steel fiber
reinforced thermoplastic laminated composite
plates with different stacking sequence under
transversally uniform loading conditions with

32

Investigation of Residual Stresses on Transversally Loaded Thermoplastic Composite Plates

element mesh can be seen in Figure 2. The finite

element meshes of plates consist of 1280
elements and 4000 nodes

simply supported boundary condition. Two

plates with the same dimensions are used in the
study. The first one of them has a circular hole
and the second one has the square hole in the
center of the plate. The radius of circular hole is
equal to diagonal of the square. Three loading
steps are carried out at each analysis
consecutively. The effects of orientation angle
are analyzed for each plate.
2. Finite Element Modeling
The problem is modeled with ANSYS finite
element package program. The ANSYS finite
element analysis program is used to simulate
elastic, plastic and residual stress components of
unidirectional
steel
fiber
reinforced
thermoplastic laminated composite plates. This
program is able to calculate the behavior of
laminated
structures
with
anisotropic
nonlinearities. For finite element analysis, the
material behavior is described by the uniaxial
stressstrain curves in three orthogonal
directions and the engineering shear stressshear
strain curves in the corresponding directions [2].
The models geometry and dimensions are
shown in Figure 1. The model is assumed to be
two dimensional for symmetric design of plate.
In order to create finite element meshing in
ANSYS, the eight-node shell element Shell 91
is used [13]. This element type is two
dimensional and can be defined for layered
applications and modeling structures for
nonlinear materials. The material properties are
put into program by means of generalized
anisotropic properties menu of ANSYS. This
menu provides that the composite material
indicates plastic behavior at fiber (1) and
transversally of fiber (2) direction. The material
properties are given in Table 1 [14]. In finite
element meshing, the main process is modeled at
critical zones frequently meshed. The finite

Figure 1. Dimensions of laminated composite plate.

Table 1. The mechanical properties and yield
strengths of a lamina [14].

33

Longitudinal modulus (MPa)

E1

11300

Transverse modulus (MPa)

E2

260

In-plane shear modulus (MPa)

G12

75

Major Poissons ratio

12

0.43

Longitudinal strength (MPa)

14

Transverse strength (MPa)

5.4

In-plane shear strength (MPa)

3.8

Plastic constant (MPa)

92

Strain hardening parameter

0.75

Fiber volume fraction (%)

Vf

Kadir Turan, Mete Onur Kaman, Mustafa Gur

Figure 2. Finite element meshes of laminated composite plates.

as zero which means; loads which are applied

plates are released. The Figure 3 shows the
changing time history of these loads.
The loads are applied at uniform transversally
direction of plates. Edges of the plates are simply
supported. It is assumed that the uniform
pressure acts on the upper surface of the
laminated composite plate. The Figure 4
demonstrates the support types and loading
conditions. The materials are chosen as the
laminated plates. Each ply orientation, material
properties and thickness are input program with
Real Constant menu. The thickness of plate is 8
mm and each ply thickness is 2 mm. Orientation
angle is [0/]2 symmetric and anti- symmetric
four layered configuration. values are 0o, 15o,
30o, 45oand 90o.

2.1. Loading and boundary conditions

To obtain residual stress, the loads are
applied as three loads steps in each analysis.
First load step finds the yielding point for each
plate. The loads are incrementally increased
from zero to yield points. The yielding behavior
is described when the first plastic stress is
obtained in plate. For sensitive solution, the
loads are applied in very small amounts such as
0.0001 MPa increments in each load steps. At
the second step in analysis, the loads are applied
for obtaining plastic stresses. The loads are
applied yield load+50, +100 and +150 load
steps. Each load step is 0.0001 MPa magnitudes.
The last load step is applied for obtaining
residual stress. In this step the loads are applied

34

Investigation of Residual Stresses on Transversally Loaded Thermoplastic Composite Plates

Pyield+100load steps (0.0001)

Applied Load (P)

2nd SS

1st SS

Pyield=Yield load of plate

3th SS
Solution Stages (SS)

Figure 3. Variation of applied stress during elastic-plastic stress analysis stages.

y
Roty=uz=0
Rotx=uz=0

Boundary
conditions
Rotx=uz=0

Orientation
angle ()

2
1
Roty=uz=0

Uniform
transverse load
P (MPa)

2 mm

8 mm

x or y axis

Figure 4. The loading and boundary conditions of laminated composite plate.

3. Results and Discussion

some reference elastic-plastic stress analyses in
literature for different composite material
properties, boundary conditions and plate
dimensions are resolved again by using ANSYS.
The obtained results are compared with results of
reference studies in Table 3.

The aim of this investigations is to determine

the hole geometry, orientation angle, symmetric
and anti-symmetric arrangements of ply effects
on the residual stress of the thermoplastic
laminated composite plates. In order to verify the
accuracy of this solution method (Figure 3),

35

Kadir Turan, Mete Onur Kaman, Mustafa Gur

lay up configurations can be seen in Figure 5.

Each bar on the Figure 5 shows yield loads of
plates with square and circular hole.

3.1. Effect of the hole geometry on the

yielding load of plates
The effect of the hole geometry on the
yielding load with different orientation angle and
.

Table 3. Verification of ANSYS results with literature

Results (MPa)

Referance study

Stacking
sequence

Boundary
condition

Stress components

Reference

Presented

Arslan et al. [1]

[0/45]2
Anti-symmetric

Clamped

x -plastic

-22.46

-21.22

Karakuzu et al. [2]

[0/45]s
Symmetric

Simply
supported

x -residual

3.18

3.18

Sayman and Aksoy

[12]

[0/90]s
Symmetric

Clamped

x -residual

2.36

2.03

anti-symmetric arrangements. There is no great

difference between the yield values of plates with
square and circular holes. Maximum difference
of yield points for square and circular holes is
0.006 MPa and it is obtained on [0/45]2 anti
symmetric stacking sequence (Figure 5).

The yield point value of symmetric arrangements

is greater than the anti-symmetric arrangements.
Especially [0/90]2 symmetric arrangement value
is bigger than anti-symmetric arrangement for
two hole types. For [0/15]2 arrangements, the
yield value of two hole types are the same in

0,08

0,08

0,06
Yield Loads (MPa)

Yield Loads (MPa)

Circular hole

Circular hole

0,06

Square hole

0,07

Square hole

0,07

0,05
0,04
0,03
0,02
0,01

0,05
0,04
0,03
0,02
0,01

0
[0]4

[0/15]s

[0/30]s

[0/45]s

[0/90]s

[0]4

[0/15]2

[0/30]2 [0/45]2

O rie ntation Angle s

O rie ntation Angle s

a) Symmetric case

b) Anti-symmetric case

Figure 5. Yield load changing with hole geometry.

36

[0/90]2

Investigation of Residual Stresses on Transversally Loaded Thermoplastic Composite Plates

In the case of anti-symmetric arrangement, the

residual stress values are different for upper and
lower surfaces of plate and the residual stresses
on the upper surface change with orientation
angle and their value is smaller than lower
surface. It means that the upper ply is stronger
than the lower ply. The residual stress value of x
for the [0/30]s symmetric plate with square hole
is 3.12 MPa and maximum as shown in the
Figure 6.
It is shown in the Figure 7 that the residual stress
value for the [0/90]2 anti-symmetric plate with
square hole is 0.21 MPa and it is the minimum
value in the other stacking sequences. Residual
stresses on the lower surface of the plate
decrease with the increasing of orientation
angles.

3.2. The effect of the hole geometry on the

maximum residual stresses
The effect of hole geometry on the residual
stress is calculated for each surface of the plate.
Upper and lower surfaces of the plate are
examined and the results are shown in Figures 6
and 7, respectively. Each bar on the Figure 6 and
7 shows the maximum residual stress with
different orientation and ply arrangements.
The residual stress on the plate is different for
upper and lower surfaces because of load
direction. In symmetric arrangement, the
magnitudes of residual stress on the upper
surface are the same as lower surface but their
values are negative, due to same orientation in
upper and lower ply.

4,0

Circular hole

-3,0

-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5

x (MPa)

-2,5

Square hole

3,5

Maximum Residual Stress

x (MPa)

-3,5

Maximum Residual Stress

-4,0

2,5

Square hole
Circular hole

3,0

2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0

0,0
[0]4

[0/15]s

[0/30]s

[0/45]s

[0]4

[0/90]s

O rie ntation Angle s

[0/15]s

[0/30]s

[0/45]s

[0/90]s

O rie ntation Angle s

a) Upper surface

b) Lower surface

Figure 6. The maximum residual stress (x) of symmetric bonded laminated composite plate for yield load+100
load steps.
4,0

x (MPa)

-3,5

Square hole
Circular hole

-3,0
-2,5

Maximum Residual Stress

Maximum Residual Stress

x (MPa)

-4,0

-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5

3,5
3,0
Square hole

2,5

Circular hole

2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0

0,0
[0]4

[0/15]2

[0/30]2

[0/45]2

[0]4

[0/90]2

[0/15]2

[0/30]2

[0/45]2

[0/90]2

O rientation Angle s

O rientation Angle s

a) Upper surface

b) Lower surface

Figure 7. The maximum residual stress (x) of anti-symmetric bonded laminated composite plate for yield
load+100 load steps.

37

Kadir Turan, Mete Onur Kaman, Mustafa Gur

symmetric and anti-symmetric arrangement.

These values are calculated for lower surface
of plate. Characterizing of all stress
components for two holes is the same through
the A-B line. In addition, the difference
between residual stress values of square and
circular hole is very small.

3.3. The residual stress components on A-B

line

1,5

1,0

1,0

x (MPa)

1,5

0,5
0,0
-0,5

Residual Stress

Residual Stress

x (MPa)

The residual stress components, x, y and xy

are calculated on A-B line for [0/30]2 symmetric
and anti-symmetric arrangements and yield load
of thermoplastic plate+0.01 MPa. Figures 8, 9
and 10 show the residual stress components for

-1,0
-1,5
-2,0
-2,5

0,5
0,0
-0,5
-1,0
-1,5
-2,0
-2,5

-3,0

-3,0
A

B
A-B Line

A-B Line
Square hole

Square hole

Circular hole

a) Symmetric case

Circular hole

b) Anti-symmetric case

1,5

1,0

1,0

y (MPa)

1,5

0,5
0,0
-0,5

Residual Stress

Residual Stress

y (MPa)

Figure 8. Variation of x residual stress on A-B Line for [0/30]2 stacking sequence.

-1,0
-1,5
-2,0

0,5
0,0
-0,5
-1,0
-1,5
-2,0

-2,5

-2,5

-3,0

-3,0

B
A-B Line
Square hole

B
A-B Line
Square hole

Circular hole

a) Symmetric case

Circular hole

b) Anti-symmetric case

Figure 9. Variation of y residual stress on A-B Line for [0/30]2 stacking sequence.

38

1,5

1,0

1,0

(MPa)

1,5

0,5

xy

0,0
-0,5

Residual Stress

Residual Stress

xy

(MPa)

Investigation of Residual Stresses on Transversally Loaded Thermoplastic Composite Plates

-1,0
-1,5
-2,0
-2,5
-3,0
A

0,5
0,0
-0,5
-1,0
-1,5
-2,0
-2,5
-3,0
A

A-B Line
Square hole

A-B Line
Circular hole

Square hole

a) Symmetric case

Circular hole

b) Anti-symmetric case

Figure 10. Variation of xy residual stress on A-B Line for [0/30]2 stacking sequence.

stacking sequence and minimum near the B

point for [0/30]2 stacking sequence both two
holes. On the other hand in Figure 12, y
residual stresses are maximum not only in [0]4
but also in [0/15]2 and [0/30]2 stacking
sequences and xy is smaller than x and y
residual stress.

1,8

1,4

1,4

x (MPa)

1,8

1,0
0,6
0,2

Residual Stress

Residual Stress x (MPa)

Figures 11, 12 and 13 give residual stress

components of both circular and square hole with
orientation changes for anti-symmetric ply
arrangements. It can be seen in Figure 11 that
residual stresses are very small on A-B line for all
stacking sequences. x residual stress component is
maximum in the middle of the A-B line for [0]4

-0,2
-0,6
-1,0

1
0,6
0,2
-0,2
-0,6
-1

-1,4

-1,4

A-B Line
[0]4

[0/15]2

[0/45]2

[0/90]2

[0/30]2

a) Square hole

A-B Line
[0]4

[0/15]2

[0/45]2

[0/90]2

[0/30]2

b) Circular hole

Figure 11. Variation of x residual stress on A-B Line for lower surface of composite plate.

39

1,8

1,4

1,4

y (MPa)

1,8

1
0,6

Residual Stress

Residual Stress

y (MPa)

Kadir Turan, Mete Onur Kaman, Mustafa Gur

0,2
-0,2
-0,6
-1
-1,4

1
0,6
0,2
-0,2
-0,6
-1
-1,4

A-B Line

A-B Line
[0]4

[0/15]2

[0/45]2

[0/90]2

[0/30]2

a) Square hole

[0]4

[0/15]2

[0/45]2

[0/90]2

[0/30]2

b) Circular hole

1,8

1,4

1,4

xy (MPa)

1,8

1
0,6

Residual Stress

Residual Stress

xy (MPa)

Figure 12. Variation of y residual stress on A-B Line for lower surface of composite plate.

0,2
-0,2
-0,6
-1

1
0,6
0,2
-0,2
-0,6
-1
-1,4

-1,4
A

A-B Line
[0]4
[0/45]2

[0/15]2

B
[0/30]2

[0/90]2

a) Square hole

A-B Line
[0]4

[0/15]2

[0/45]2

[0/90]2

B
[0/30]2

b) Circular hole

Figure 13. Variation of xy residual stress on A-B Line for lower surface of composite plate.

Figures 14, 15 and 16 illustrates the x residual

stress expansion for each hole types with
different load increments for symmetric [0/90]s
arrangement. The loads are increment yield point
+ 0.005, 0.01 and 0.015 MPa. The results are
shown for upper and lower surface of plates with
square and circular holes. Because of symmetric

3.4. Residual stress expansion in [0/90]s plate

When the load exceeds the yielding point of
composite material, the plastic behavior begins..
Then the residual stress can be calculated over
yield point value. The loads are incremented too
slowly for determining first yield load value.

40

Investigation of Residual Stresses on Transversally Loaded Thermoplastic Composite Plates

3.249 MPa on upper surface with circular hole

(Figure 16). This increment of maximum
residual stress values with increasing load step is
valid for square hole, too. On the other hand,
residual stress values of plate with square hole
are bigger than circular hole for all load step
increments and this difference of residual stress
value between circular and square holes
increases with increasing load step. For yield
load+0.01 MPa, difference between maximum
residual stresses of circular and square holes is
0.579 MPa. When load step is 0.015 MPa, this
difference is 0.666 MPa.

stacking sequence, it is clearly seen that

magnitudes of maximum residual stresses on
lower and upper surface are the same but values
on lower surface are negative for every hole
(Figure 14-16). For example, for the yield
load+0.005 MPa load step, maximum residual
stress is 2.413 MPa on upper surface and -2.413
MPa on lower surface for composite plate with
circular hole (Figure 14). These maximum
residual stress values increase with increasing
load step. If yield load value of composite plates
+0.015 MPa load step are applied on plate
transversally, in this situation,

Lower Surface

Upper Surface

maximum residual stress (2.413 MPa) reaches

2.413
1.876
1.34
0.804
0.268
-0.268
-0.804
-1.34
-1.876
-2.413

2.804
2.181
1.558
0.935
0.312
-0.312
-0.935
-1.558
-2.181
-2.804

2.413
1.876
1.34
0.804
0.268
-0.268
-0.804
-1.34
-1.876
-2.413

2.804
2.181
1.558
0.935
0.312
-0.312
-0.935
-1.558
-2.181
-2.804

Figure 14. x residual stress expansion for yield load+0.005 MPa on [0/90]s symmetric bonded composite plate.

41

Lower Surface

Upper Surface

Kadir Turan, Mete Onur Kaman, Mustafa Gur

2.749
2.138
1.527
0.916
0.305
-0.305
-0.916
-1.527
-2.138
-2.749

3.328
2.588
1.849
1.109
0.37
-0.37
-1.109
-1.849
-2.588
-3.328

2.749
2.138
1.527
0.916
0.305
-0.305
-0.916
-1.527
-2.138
-2.749

3.328
2.588
1.849
1.109
0.37
-0.37
-1.109
-1.849
-2.588
-3.328

Lower Surface

Upper Surface

Figure 15. x residual stress expansion for yield load +0.01 MPa on [0/90]s symmetric bonded composite plate.

3.249
2.527
1.805
1.083
0.361
-0.361
-1.083
-1.805
-2.527
-3.249

3.915
3.045
2.175
1.305
0.435
-0.435
-1.305
-2.175
-3.045
-3.915

3.249
2.527
1.805
1.083
0.361
-0.361
-1.083
-1.805
-2.527
-3.249

3.915
3.045
2.175
1.305
0.435
-0.435
-1.305
-2.175
-3.045
-3.915

Figure 16. x residual stress expansion for yield load +0.015 MPa on [0/90]s symmetric bonded composite plate.

42

Investigation of Residual Stresses on Transversally Loaded Thermoplastic Composite Plates

4. Conclusions

The present study shows the residual stress

components and residual stress expansion with a
plate with square or circular hole. The yield load
and variation of residual stresses are examined for
laminated
thermoplastic
composite
plates
reinforced with unidirectional steel fibers. The
plates are loaded in uniform static transversal
direction and fixing is simply supported. The
results can be concluded as below:
The yield point value of symmetric bonded
thermoplastic plates is greater than antisymmetric bonded laminated.
The biggest yield load is calculated for
[0/90]s symmetric case on square hole and
the smallest yield load is found for [0/15]2
anti-symmetric
bonded
laminated
composite plates both square and circular
holes.
Difference between yield loads and
residual stress values of composite plates
with square and circular hole is very close.
Besides characterizing, residual stress
variation is the same for square and
circular geometry.
For anti-symmetric case, the maximum
residual stress values of thermoplastic
laminated plate on upper surface are
bigger than lower surface. In the
symmetric case, residual stress values are
the same on upper and lower surface of
plates for all stacking sequences.

2.

3.

4.

5. References
1.

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Composite Plates Subjected to Transverse Uniform
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Prediction of The Elastic-Plastic Behavior of
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55 (1), 37-49.

43

5.

6.

7.

On the lower surface of plate, residual

stresses decrease with increasing
orientation angle for anti-symmetric
bonded laminated composite plates.
Residual stress zones on the composite
plate
increase
with
increasing
transverse loads.
Found local residual stresses from
elastic-plastic stress analysis can be
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thermoplastic composite for transverse
loading conditions.
In literature [1,3,9-12], elastic-plastic
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analysis
problems
were
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However, in this study, for solution of
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solution method, some elastic-plastic
stress
problems
for
laminated
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and the results are verified. Since
ANSYS is a package finite element
program and is very easy to apply for
all two and three dimensional
problems, it can also be used for
complex geometries of different
elastic-plastic problem .

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8.

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44

12. Sayman, O., and Aksoy, S. (2001). Elastic

Plastic Stress Analysis of Simply Supported
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