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COLLEGE OF LAW, GOVERNMENT AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES (COLGIS)

SEMINAR IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY


GFPP3533 (GROUP B)
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF UN AND PICK 1 OF MAIN ORGANS
OF UN AS A CASE STUDY

PREPARED BY:
Muhammad Ihsan

(224922)

PREPARED FOR:
Prof. Madya Dr. Muhammad Fuad Bin Othman
LECTURER,
SEMINAR IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY
GFPP3533 (GROUP B)

Introduction
The Organization of the United Nations (UN) was founded in San Francisco on
October 24, 1945. From 1919 to 1946, there is a similar organization, the League of Nations,
which can be considered a predecessor of the United Nations. The United Nations in the
United Kingdom is the language of the United Nations or the United Nations, is an
international organization that includes virtually all countries of the world. The institution
was established to facilitate international law, international security, social protection and
economic institutions. Since its establishment in San Francisco on October 24, 1945, at least
192 countries become members of the United Nations. All countries that are members of the
Organization of the United Nations proclaimed their independence from the container
respectively, in addition to the Vatican and the Holy See and the Republic of China (Taiwan),
incorporated into the territory of China in 1971.
Since 2007, there are already some 192 States members of the United Nations. The current
Secretary General is Mr. Ban Ki-moon of South Korean origin who has served since
January 01, 2007. The Organization of the United Nations (UN) is an international
organization. The objective is to facilitate cooperation in international law, international
security, economic development, social progress, human rights and the realization of world
peace. The United Nations was founded in 1945, after World War II to replace the League
of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and provide a platform for dialogue.
There are currently 192 States members (including almost all sovereign of the world). The
Organization has six principal organs:
1. The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly)
2. The Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security),
3. United Nations Social and Economic Council (To help promote international economic
and social cooperation and development)

4. The Secretariat (accurate study, information, and facilities needed by the UN)
5. The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ)
6. The Council of the Nations United manager trustee (active) and other prominent
agencies of the United Nations, including the World Health (who) Organization, program
food (WFP) and the Fund for children (UNICEF) Nations. The most visible public figures
of the Organization of the United Nations was Secretary-General, currently Mr. Ban Kimoon from South Korea, which reached the position in 2007.
The organization is financed by assessed contributions and volunteers from member
countries, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, Spain, Russia and Spain.
The history of the United Nations, the League of Nations could not prevent the Second World
War (1939-1945). By the recognition that human beings cannot afford a third world war, the
United Nations was created to replace the defective of the League of Nations in 1945 to
maintain international peace and strengthen the cooperation in solving humanitarian,
economic, social and international.
The original plan of concrete for a new world Organization began under the auspices of the
Department of State of United States in 1939. Franklin d. Roosevelt coined the term
'United Nations' as a term to describe the allied countries. The term was first officially
used in 01 January 1942, when 26 Governments signed the Atlantic Charter, pledging to
continue the war effort.
On April 25, 1945, the Conference of United Nations on international organization began in
San Francisco, attended by 50 Governments and a number of non-governmental
organizations involved in the drafting of the Charter of the United Nations. The UN official
appeared on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members
of the Security Council - France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United
Kingdom and the United States - and the majority of the other 46 signatories. The first

meeting of the General Assembly, with 51 countries represented, and the Security Council
was conducted at Westminster Central Hall in London in January 1946.
This organization based on gyro Sperry Corporation in Lake Success, New York, from 1946
to 1952, before joining to the headquarters of the United Nations in Manhattan once
completed.
Since its founding, there was controversy and criticism of the Organization of the United
Nations. The United States, the initial opponents of the Nations United by the John Birch
Society, which began a "Get U.S. to the UN" campaign in 1959, charging that was the
objective of the United Nations establish a "one world government". After the second world
war, the French Committee of national liberation was late to be recognized by the United
States as the French Government, and the country was originally excluded from the
Conference aims to create a new organization. Charles de Gaulle was condemned in the UN,
famous call Machin ("the thingie"), and I do not know this security Global Alliance would
help maintain world peace, preferring direct defence treaties of countries.
The objective of the formation of the United Nations
In essence, the purpose of the United Nations is as follows: maintenance or peace and
security or promote friendly relations among Nations on the basis of equality, the right to
self-determination and the internal affairs of a country or promote collaboration among
Nations did not interfere in the solution of economic, social and cultural issues and security;
Or became the Centre of the activities of the United Nations in the attainment of the
objectives of Indonesia together became a member of the United Nations at 60 on September
28, 1950. However, Indonesia is never out of the United Nations membership on January 07,
1965, due to political differences with the Malaysia. Finally, the Indonesia became a member
of the United Nations on 28 September 1966 and remained as a member in the 60s.

Among the important events that are at the base of the ideal founders of the United
Nations, inter alia, as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Atlantic Charter
Declaration of The United Nations
Moscow Information
Dumbarton Oaks Proposals
The Yalta Conference
San Francisco Conference

The role of the UN in the development of the modernization of the world


For the development of a modernization of the world, the Organization of the United
Nations

is

the

organization

that

received

the

name

of

ITU

(International

Telecommunication Union), responsible for the development of equality and the


modernization of telecommunications engineering with standard equipment.
The role of the United Nations in the establishment of peace in the world
The United Nations Security Council to help achieve peace in the world and attempt to
resolve conflicts that occur between the Nations of the world to solve peacefully.
The role of the United Nations in the creation of wealth in the world and
In order to achieve a world of prosperous people, the United Nations has formed many
specialized agencies, including the following:
1) FAO (the food and Agriculture Organization), has contributed to increase the quality of
nutrition and overall well-being of society
2) WHO (World Health Organization), responsible for advancing the level of health and
eradicate infectious diseases in the world
3) ILO (International Labour Office) responsible for helping the interests of workers in the
world

4) IMF (International Monetary Organization), is responsible for promoting international


trade and help countries facing financial problems
5) IBRD (International Bank for reconstruction and development), in charge of members
ready improvement and economic aid of software for countries that require
6) UNESCO (United Nations education, science and culture) is responsible for assisting the
development of science, culture and education
7) UNICEF (United Nations Children International Emergency Fund) is responsible for
contributing to meet the interests of the children in the world
8) UNHCR (a refugee High Commissioner) is responsible for taking care of the refugees and
prisoners of war

Case Study
International Court of Justice

Conflict Sipadan and Ligitan islands

Indonesia as a great nation and a wide area both land and sea have its own challenges
to maintain the integrity and unity and the unity of its territory. Various threats, obstacles,
challenges and good distraction from domestic and overseas may threaten the integrity of the
nation and the State of Indonesia. Matters relating to the concept of insight archipelago and
its implementation one of the disputes relate to the inter-State border areas. As things are very
nearly recently that the dispute between the two allied countries, Indonesia and Malaysia
regarding ownership claims over the islands of both Sipadan and Ligitan islands.
On the other side if seen from the dimensions, the island of Sipadan and Ligitan conflict is
simply implies the traditional and modern. Traditionally, the dispute is the result of a colonial
past that hit the Southeast Asia. Malaysia colonizing by British and Dutch colonized
Indonesia, leaving a border line that is not firmly when they leave the colony. That which
then create the dispute evolve, declined to state that former colonies inherit land.
In a modern context, Sipadan-Ligitan dispute cannot be separated from the national interests
of a countrys natural resources it contains. The state country always trying to find an

additional national earnings through exploration of natural resources. The warmth of dispute
between Malaysia and Indonesia can be said started to raise in the eighties when the two
islands found underwater tourism potential of an unusually good. Because of the potential,
Malaysia build tourism complex on the island of Sipadan.

Sipadan and Ligitan dispute is a dispute over the ownership of Indonesia and Malaysia to
both of Island in the Makassar Strait namely the island of Sipadan (wide: 50,000 meter )
with coordinates: 4

6 ' 52.86 "N 118

37'43.52" E and Ligitan islands (wide:

18,000 meter) with coordinates: 4 9'N 118 53'E.


Indonesia attitude originally wanted bring this issue problem through the ASEAN High
Council but finally agreed to solve the problem this dispute through the International Court of
Justice.
Dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia, appear in 1967 when the law of the sea in a
technical meeting between the two countries, which is country fact turns to enter the island of
Sipadan and Ligitan Island inside the borders. Both country has agreed that Sipadan and
Ligitan expressed in the status of quo however this understanding different. Party of Malaysia
to build new tourism resort managed by private parties of Malaysia, because of that Malaysia
understand the status quo as to remain under Malaysia until the dispute is done, while the

Indonesia side imply that in this status means the status of the island was not to be occupied
or occupied until the issue of ownership of two islands this is complete. Because we obey the
international law which forbid visiting the area the status of quo, when our members back
from there brought the report, even scolded. Whereas Malaysia is building a resort there
Sipadan and Ligitan suddenly became trading news, started last month. This is because the
two small islands located in the Celebes Sea was build cottage. On top of Sipadan island that
the width only 4 km2 it, now ready to await tourists. Malaysia businessman has raising the
number of hostel to almost 20 pieces. From that numbers, tourism facilities that it cant be
called resemble. But the Indonesian government, which was also felt to have the islands,
immediately sent a protest to Kuala Lumpur, asked that there be stopped earlier development.
In the reason, Sipadan and Ligitan was still in dispute, has not been concluded who the owner
is. In 1969, the Malaysian side unilaterally two islands in the national map.
In 1976, the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia or TAC (Treaty of Amity and
Cooperation in Southeast Asia) in the first ASEAN Summit in Bali, among others, state that
will form the ASEAN High Council to resolve dispute between members of ASEAN but the
Malaysian reject unreasonable because Singapore was also involved with the dispute to claim
the island of Batu Puteh, Sabah ownership dispute with the Philippines as well as disputes
Spratley islands in the South China Sea with Brunei, Philippines, Vietnam, China, and
Taiwan.
After almost 30 years, negotiations to arrive at a dead end, because both Indonesia which
persist in the second position and the argument that the island has become a part of its
territory since the Dutch colonial period, and Malaysia are also believed sovereignty over the
islands since the British colonial period, still persist in their respective positions. In 1997 both
sides agreed to pursue legal action is to submit the dispute to the International Court of
Justice.

The attitude of the Indonesian who wants to bring this issue through the Council ASEAN and
has always refused to bring the issue to the International Court of Justice then softened.
During his visit to Kuala Lumpur on October 7, 1996, President Suharto finally approved the
proposal of the Prime Minister Mahathir ever proposed also by the Secretary of State
Moerdiono and Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, made a deal Final and Binding, on
May 31, 1997, the two countries signed an agreement.

References:
Anggraita, F. Development of UN. Retrieved 18 March 2016 from
http://sejarahindonesiaa.blogspot.my/2013/02/perkembangankeanggotaan-pbb-danperan.html
Berbagi Pelajaran. (April 07, 2013) Dispute over Sipadan dan Ligitan. Retrieved 18 March
2016
from https://ikawulan30.wordpress.com/2013/04/07/sengketa-sipadan-dan-ligitan/
History of UN.
Retrieved 18 March 2016 from http://duniabaca.com/sejarah-pbb-perserikatanbangsa-bangsa.html
KONTRA TERORISME INDONESIA. (December 13, 2013) Conflict of Sipadan dan
Ligitan Islands. Retrieved 18 March 2016 from
http://analisishankamnas.blogspot.my/2013/12/konflik-pulau-sipadan-ligitan.html
The history of the founding of the Organization of United Nations. Retrieved 18 March 2016
from http://www.edukasippkn.com/2015/10/sejarah-berdirinya-pbb-perserikatan.html

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