Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SECTION 10
PILING WORKS
Page 239
DESCRIPTION
S10-245
Setting Out
S10-245
10.2.2
Position
S10-245
10.2.3
Verticality
S10-245
10.2.4
Rake
S10-245
10.2.5
Forcible Corrections
S10-245
10.2.6
S10-245
10.2.7
Records
S10-245
10.3
10.3.1
Description
S10-246
10.3.2
10.3.2.1
10.3.2.2
10.3.2.3
Materials
Concrete
Reinforcement
Pile Shoes
S10-246
S10-246
S10-246
S10-246
10.3.3
Manufacture and Storage of Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles
10.3.3.1 Casting
10.3.3.2 Handling and Storage
S10-246
S10-246
S10-247
10.3.4
10.3.4.1
10.3.4.2
10.3.4.3
10.3.4.4
10.3.4.5
S10-247
S10-247
S10-247
S10-248
S10-248
S10-249
Page 240
10.4
10.4.1
Description
S10-250
10.4.2
10.4.2.1
10.4.2.2
10.4.2.3
10.4.2.4
Materials
Concrete
Reinforcement
End Plates
Pile Shoes
S10-250
S10-250
S10-250
S10-250
10.4.3
10.4.3.1
10.4.3.2
S10-250
S10-250
S10-251
10.4.4
10.4.4.1
10.4.4.2
10.4.4.3
S10-251
S10-251
S10-251
S10-251
Description
Materials
Concrete and Reinforcement
Permanent Casings
Drilling Fluid
10.5.3
10.5.3.1
10.5.3.2
10.5.3.3
10.5.3.4
10.5.3.5
10.5.3.6
10.5.3.7
10.5.3.8
10.5.3.9
10.5.3.10
Boring Operations
Diameter of Piles
Boring
Temporary Casings
Stability of Piling Excavations Using Drilling Fluid
Spillage and Disposal
Pumping of Boreholes
Continuity of Construction
Enlarged pile Bases
Cleanliness of Pile Bases
Inspection
S10-252
S10-252
S10-253
S10-253
S10-253
S10-253
S10-253
S10-254
S10-254
S10-254
10.5.4
10.5.4.1
10.5.4.2
Placing of Reinforcement
Joints in Longitudinal Bars
Positions of Reinforcement
S10-254
S10-254
S10-254
S10-252
S10-252
S10-252
S10-252
Page 241
10.5.5
10.5.5.1
10.5.5.2
10.5.5.3
10.5.5.4
10.5.5.5
Concreting Operations
Placing Concrete
Workability of Concrete
Compaction
Placing Concrete In Dry borings
Placing Concrete Under Water or Drilling Fluid
S10-254
S10-254
S10-254
S10-255
S10-255
S10-255
10.5.6
10.5.6.1
10.5.6.2
10.5.6.3
Extraction of Casing
Workability of Concrete
Concrete Level
Vibrating Extractors
S10-256
S10-256
S10-256
10.5.7
10.5.7.1
10.5.7.2
10.5.7.3
S10-257
S10-257
S10-257
S10-257
Description
S10-257
10.6.2
Materials
S10-257
10.6.3
10.6.3.1
10.6.3.2
S10-257
S10-257
S10-258
10.6.4
10.6.4.1
10.6.4.2
10.6.4.3
S10-258
S10-258
S10-258
S10-258
Description
S10-258
10.7.2
Materials
S10-258
10.7.3
10.7.3.1
10.7.3.2
10.7.3.3
10.7.3.4
10.7.3.5
10.7.3.6
10.7.3.7
S10-258
S10-258
S10-259
S10-259
S10-259
S10-259
S10-259
S10-259
Page 242
10.9.4
10.9.4.1
10.9.4.2
10.9.4.3
10.10
S10-264
S10-265
S10-265
BAKAU PILES
10.10.1
Description
S10-265
10.10.2
Materials
S10-265
10.10.3
S10-266
10.10.4
10.10.4.1
10.10.4.2
10.10.4.3
10.10.4.4
S10-266
S10-266
S10-266
S10-267
S10-267
10.11
PILE TESTING
10.11.1
Test Piles
S10-267
10.11.2
S10-267
10.11.3
S10-267
10.11.4
10.11.4.1
10.11.4.2
10.11.4.3
Testing Procedure
Preparation of Test Pile
Method of Loading
Measurement of Settlement
S10-267
S10-267
S10-267
S10-268
10.11.5
10.11.5.1
10.11.5.2
10.11.5.3
Method of Testing
General
Maintained Load Test
Constant Rate of Penetration (CRP) Test
S10-268
S10-268
S10-269
S10-269
10.11.6
Submission of Results
S10-269
10.11.7
S10-269
10.11.8
S10-270
Page 244
10.1 DESCRIPTION
10.2.5 Forcible Corrections
This work shall consist of the supply,
installation and testing of piles in
accordance with this Specification and
the lines, levels, grades and crosssections shown on the Drawings and as
directed by the S.O.
10.3.1 Description
10.3.2.3 Pile Shoes
This work shall comprise the supply
and installation of precast reinforced
concrete piles, inclusive of pitching
and driving, lengthening and cutting
and preparation of pile heads, all in
accordance with this Specification
and to the details shown on the
Drawings.
10.3.2 Materials
10.3.2.1 Concrete
10.3.2.2
Reinforcement
The main reinforcing bars in piles
not exceeding 12 m in length
shall be in one continuous length
unless otherwise approved by the
S.O.
In piles exceeding 12 m long,
joints shall be permitted in main
longitudinal bars at 12 m nominal
intervals. Joints in adjacent bars
shall be staggered at least 1 m
apart along the length of the pile.
Joints shall be butt welded as
specified in Sub-Section 9.7.5 of
this Specification.
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Typical Conditions
of Use
Slump Range
(mm)
75 to 125
10.5.5.3 Compaction
Internal vibrators shall not be
used to compact concrete unless
it can be satisfied that they will
not cause segregation or arching
of the concrete.
10.5.5.4 Placing Concrete In Dry Borings
Approved measures shall be
taken to avoid segregation and
bleeding and to ensure that the
concrete at the bottom of the pile
is not deficient in grout.
Where piles are vertical, concrete
may be poured through a funnel
with a length of tube so that the
flow is directed and does not hit
reinforcement bars or the side of
the hole. Chutes extending to
near the base shall be employed
for raking piles of large diameter.
For raking piles of small
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
100 to 175
150 to collapse
Page 255
Page 256
10.6.1 Description
This work shall comprise the supply
and installation of steel H-section
piles, inclusive of pitching and
driving, lengthening and preparation
of pile heads, all in accordance with
this Specification and to the details
shown on the Drawings.
Page 257
10.7.1 Description
This work shall comprise the supply
and installation of steel pipe piles,
inclusive of pitching and driving,
lengthening and preparation of pile
heads, all in accordance with this
Specification and to the details
shown on the Drawings.
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Page 259
10.7.4 Workmanship
10.7.4.1 Welding Procedures
The Contractor shall submit for
approval, full details of the
welding procedures and
electrodes with drawings and
schedules as may be necessary.
Tests shall be undertaken as may
be required by the S.O. and shall
be in accordance with the
requirements of B.S. 4870.
10.7.4.2 Welders' Qualifications
Only welders who are qualified
in the approved welding
procedure shall be employed.
Copies of certificates relating to
welders' tests shall be made
available to the S.O. on request.
10.7.4.3 Radiographs
During production of welded
tube piles, at least one radiograph
approximately 300 mm long shall
be required on each completed
length as a spot check on weld
quality. This shall be taken on a
circumferential or longitudinal
weld and its position shall be as
directed by the S.O.
For spirally welded piles, one of
the following tests shall be
carried out :i) for tubes of wall thickness 12
mm or less, three spot check
radiographs, one at each end
of each length of the tube as
manufactured and one at a
position to be chosen at the
time of testing by the S.O.;
and spot check radiographs as
required by the S.O. on the
weld joints between strip
lengths;
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
If concreting is specified or
shown on the Drawings after the
pile has been cut off to the
specified level, the shaft shall be
filled with concrete in a
continuous operation. The
method of placing shall be
approved by the S.O.
The reinforcement cage in the
pile shall be made sufficiently
rigid and kept in its correct
position during concreting.
Page 261
10.8 MICROPILES
10.8.1 Description
This work shall comprise the drilling
of a hole, placing of reinforcement
unit and subsequently filling the hole
with grout to form micropiles, all in
accordance with this Specification
and to the details shown on the
Drawings.
10.8.2 Materials
10.8.2.1 Reinforcement Unit
The type of reinforcement unit to
be used, the diameter and/or
thickness, grade, yield strength
and working stress shall be as
specified or as shown on the
Drawings.
10.8.2.2 Grout
Unless otherwise specified, the
grout shall be non-shrink cement
grout. The grout mix design such
as the water-cement ratio, the
minimum cement and grout
strength at 7 and 28 days shall be
as specified and shown on the
Drawings.
If admixtures are used, details of
admixtures shall be submitted to
the S.O. for approval before
commencement of works. The
use of the admixture shall fully
comply with the manufacturer's
instructions.
Page 262
10.9.1 Description
This work shall comprise the supply
and installation of pressure-treated
timber piles, inclusive of pitching
and driving, lengthening and
preparation of pile heads, all in
accordance with this Specification
and to the details shown on the
Drawings. The timber terms used in
this Specification shall have the
meanings assigned to them in M.S.
229.
10.9.2 Materials
Unless otherwise approved by the
S.O., Kempas (Koompassia
Malaccensis) shall be used and this
shall not be of a lesser quality than
the grading specified in Appendix A
of M.S. 822.
Page 263
10.10
10.10.1
Description
This work shall comprise the
supply and installation of bakau
piles, inclusive of pitching and
driving, lengthening and
preparation of pile heads, all in
accordance with this
Specification and to the details
shown on the Drawings.
BAKAU PILES
10.10.2
Materials
Unless otherwise approved by the
S.O. only Bakau Minyak
(Rhizophora Apiculapa) or Bakau
Kurap (Rhizophora Mucronata)
shall be used. Bakau piles shall
be provided in one single length
of not less than 5.0 m each. The
diameter of piles at the small end
shall not be less than 75 mm
unless otherwise specified.
Page 265
10.10.4
10.10.4.1Pitching of Piles
Piles shall be pitched accurately
in the positions and at spacings as
shown on the Drawings or as
approved by the S.O.
10.10.4.2Driving of Piles
The length of piles to be driven
shall be as shown on the
Drawings. Based on the results
of pile driving resistance and/or
load tests carried out on piles
driven on the site, the S.O. may,
from time to time order the
lengths or spacing of piles to be
modified.
Page 266
10.10.4.3
Lengthening of Piles
Where a pile has to be jointed,
it shall be to the details as
shown on the Drawings. Only
one joint shall be allowed.
The two pile ends to be
jointed shall be of the same
diameter and each shall be cut
at right angles to its axis to
make contact over the whole
cross-section when the two
timbers are co-axial. A mild
steel tube connector of No. 9
gauge to B.S. 6323 shall be
used to join the two pile ends.
The steel tube connector shall
be painted with red lead paint
or otherwise protected against
corrosion all to the
satisfaction of the S.O. The
pile ends shall be trimmed or
packed in the connector to
provide a tight fit.
10.10.4.4
PILE TESTING
10.11.4.2Method of Loading
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