Biometrics Technologies

Agenda
I.
Biometrics Overview
II.
Broad Comparison
III. Identification Vs Authentication
IV.
Biometrics in IVFRT

Biometrics Overview
Physiological and/or behavioral characteristics
1.
Behavioral:

2.

Voice
Key Stroke
Signature
odor

Physiological:

Fingerprint
Hand Geometry
Iris
Facial
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Contd

Identification and verification:

Finger scan
Iris scan
Retina scan
Facial scan (optical and infrared)

Verification only:

Hand Geometry
Voice Print
Keystroke Behavior
Signature
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Comparison
Biometric Type

Accuracy

Ease of Use

User Acceptance

Fingerprint

High

Medium

Medium

Hand Geometry

Medium

High

Medium

Voice

Medium

High

High

Retina

High

Low

Low

Iris

Medium

Medium

Medium

Signature

Medium

Medium

High

Facial

Low

High

High
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Identification Vs. Authentication

Identification

Authentication

It determines the identity of the

person.

It determines whether the person

is indeed who he claims to be.

No identity claim
Many-to-one mapping.
Cost of computation number of
record of users.

Identity claim from the user

One-to-one mapping.
The cost of computation is
independent of the number of
records of users.

Captured biometric signatures

come from a set of known
biometric feature stored in the
system.

Captured biometric signatures

may be unknown to the system.

Contd

Authentication
1:1

Identification
1:N

Biometrics in IVFRT
Biometric Enrolment 10 Fingers
Verification -1:1 Matching
Identification - 1:N Matching

Biometric Enrolment
1.
2.

Indian Missions abroad for Visa Applicants

ICP for Deportees & Visa on Arrival
Finger scan: Measures unique characteristics in a
fingerprint (Minutiae)

Biometrics Verification

At the Arrival Counter at ICP

Sample verification at Indian Missions

Verification at FRROs

Eventual integration with CCTNS

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Biometrics Identification

Central Processing Office; against

BL (Black List)
Deportees
Visa Applicants for duplicate

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Performance Metrics

False Acceptance Rate (FAR)

False Rejection Rate (FRR)
Failure To Enroll Rate (FTE)
Ability To Verify (AVT)

AVT = (1 - FTE)(1 - FRR)

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Biometrics - Data Protection

Security Tools

Data Encryption

Digital Signing

Signature Verification

Data Decryption

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Biometrics

Questions?
Demonstration

Online Enrollment
Offline Enrollment
Local Verification
Remote Verification

Software Development & Challenges

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Software Development
5 stages in Verification & Identification
1. fingerprint image acquisition
2. image processing
3. location of distinctive characteristics
4. template creation
5. template matching

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Challenges Faced in Enrolling the

Fingers
1.
2.

3.

Acquiring high-quality image of the fingerprints.

Quality of print differs from person to person and
from finger to finger. Some people have difficultto-acquire fingerprints.
Taking an image in the cold weather can also
have an affect. Oils in the finger help produce a
better print. In cold weather, these oils naturally
dry up. Pressing fingers harder on the scanner can
help in this case.
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Standards Followed
1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

Many types of minutiae exits, a common one being

ridge endings and bifurcation.
A typical finger-scan may produce between 15 and
20 minutiae.
80 percent of finger-scan technologies are based on
minutiae matching but the pattern matching is a
leading alternative.
The downside of pattern matching - created
template is several times larger in byte size and also
more sensitive to the placement of the finger during
verification
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Support mail id
admnboi-ivfrt@nic.in

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