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Rendement :
QC>0
nergie _ utile
W
W
=
=
=e =
nergie _ fournie _ machine QC
QC
W<0
QF<0
MISSIONS :
TF
Cycle de Carnot :
Reprsentation du cycle :
P
Calculs :
Le cycle de Carnot est par dfinition rversible:
C IsoT
W + Q C + Q F = 0
Q C Q F
T + T = 0
F
C
D
IsoS
IsoS
IsoT
Et
W QC + Q F
= 1+ F
e moteur = Q = Q
QC
C
C
Q
Q
Q
T
C = F
F = F
TC
TF
QC
TC
eCarnot = 1 +
QF
T
=1 F
QC
TC
Cycle Diesel :
Q C = Q CD
- 1re mthode
Reprsentation du cycle :
Calculs :
La chaleur est fournie lors de la combustion Q C
B IsoP C
= Q BC
V A et
V V
= A= D
VB
VC VC
IsoS
D
IsoS
Et ainsi :
W = QC Q F
Q F = Q DA = CV (T A T D ) transfo isochore
Donne :
Diesel =
IsoV
QC
= 1+
C (T T )
(T T )
QF
= 1+ V A D = 1+ A D
QC
CP (TC TB )
(TC TB )
Mais on a : B C
C D
D A
VA
= V = 20
B
Taux ralistes : = 1, 4
V
= A = 10
V
( ) = 65%
Diesel = 1
( 1 1 )
Cycle Diesel :
Diesel = 1 +
(TB1 TC 1 )
(TC TB )
= T BV B
T B = T A
PB = PC
TCVC
= T DV D
TC PC VC VC
=
=
=
T B PB V B V B
TC = T D
V A =V D
1 TC 1
TB
=
= 1+
=
1
Diesel
T
1 1
C 1
T
)
)
- 2nde mthode
W AB
W BC
Travaux : WCD
W
DA
T AV A
dV PAV A 1
1
=
A V
1 V B 1 V A 1
= PdV = PAV A
A
Wcycle = W AB +W BC +WCD +W DA
D
D dV
PCVC 1
1
= PdV = PCVC
=
C
C V
1 V D 1 VC 1
=0
PV 1
PV 1
1
1
Wcycle = A A 1 1 PB (VC V B ) + C C 1 1
1 V D
1 V B
VA
VC
PV
PV
Wcycle = A A 1 1 PBV B 1 + C C 1 1
1
( )
( 1)
Wcycle = CV T A 1 1 PBV B 1 + CV TC 1 1
Q AB = 0
C V T A 1 1 + PBV B 1 C V TC 1 1
Chaleurs : Q BC = C P (TC T B )
Diesel =
=
Q
C
T
T
C
P ( C
B )
QCD = 0
Q = C (T T )
V
A
D
DA
= PdV = PB (VC V B )
C
Diesel
+CVTB 1 CVTB + PBVB 1
= +CV + nR =
1
=
=
Diesel
CP
1 1
1 1
CPTB 1
)
)
)
)
P
C IsoP
IsoV
IsoS
B
IsoS
D
IsoV
Cycle de Stirling :
Reprsentation du cycle :
Calculs :
C
IsoV
IsoT
D
IsoT
IsoV
W =QC QF
W AB = nRT A ln ( )
Travaux :
W BC = 0 = W DA
W = nRT ln
( )
C
CD
B
B nRT dV
A
= nRTA ln ( )
WAB = A PdV = A
V
Travaux : W = 0 =W
BC
DA
D
D nRT dV
C
WCD = PdV =
= nRTC ln ( )
C
C
V
Chaleurs : Q BC = CV (TC T B )
Et :
Stirling =
QC
Stirling =
QC
Isochore
Isotherme
nR (TC TA ) ln( )
CV (TC TA ) + nRTC ln( )
Stirling =
Stirling =
V A VD
=
VB VC
Ainsi :
= Q BC + Q CD
T
1
+ C
( 1) ln T
WCD +WAB
CV (TC TA ) + nRTC ln ( )
= V = 1 0
B
Taux ralistes :
=
1,
4
T = 1 0 0 0 K
C
T = 7 0 0 K
Stirling =
1
= 40%
T
1
+ C
( 1) ln T
encore amliorer
Il est difficile dobtenir des valeurs optimises, puisqu ce moteur na pas fait lobjet dapplications
industrielles, mais il peut atteindre des rendements plus levs que ses frres Diesel et Beau de Rochas (
combustion interne), et surtout il est possible doptimiser plus facilement la combustion qui est externe
Reprsentation du cycle :
Calculs :
= Q BC
IsoV
VA
VB
IsoS
D
Et ainsi :
W = QC Q F
Q F = Q DA = CV (T A T D ) transfo isochore
Donne :
BdeRochas =
IsoV
IsoS
= A = 10
Taux ralistes :
VB
= 1, 4
BeaudeRochas = 1 1 = 60%
QC
= 1+
C (T T )
(T T )
QF
= 1 + V A D = 1+ A D
QC
CV (TC TB )
(TC TB )
Mais on a : A B T AV A = T BV B
C D TCVC = T DV D
1
Donc :
BdeRochas
(T
= 1+
TC1
TC = T D
) =1+ (T
(T T )
1
T B = T A
TC
(T T )
C
) =1
BeaudeRochas = 1 1
On obtient :
Cycle de Brayton-Joule :
(Moteurs raction)
Reprsentation du cycle :
Calculs :
La chaleur est fournie lors de la combustion Q C
B IsoP C
= Q BC
PB
PA
IsoS
On a :
A IsoP
D V
Donne :
Exemple concret :
P
a= A =5
Taux ralistes :
PB
= 1, 4
BraytonJoule = 1 a
W = QC Q F
Q F = Q DA = C P (T A T D ) transfo isobare
C (T T )
(T T )
Q
W
BJoule =
= 1+ F = 1+ P A D = 1+ A D
QC
QC
C P (TC TB )
(TC TB )
= 37%
1
1
Mais on a : A B T A PA = T B PB T A = T B a
1
C D T P 1 = T P 1 T = T a
C
C
D
D
D
C
Donc :
BraytonJoule = 1+ a
T
T
a
A C
a
1
=
BraytonJoule
1
TC a TA