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MURSHIDABAD COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by:-
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Murshidabad College of Engineering and Technology
(AICTE Affiliated)
Banjetia, Berhampore, P.O Cossimbazar Raj, Dist. Murshidabad, West Bengal, 742102
Phone No. (03482) 258145, Telefax: (03482) 277267
Website: www.mcetbhb.net
Email: mcetbhb2@bsnl.in
Certificate of Approval
This is to certify that: ZAID ZEESHAN
MD. AKRAM KHAN
RAHUL PRIYADARSHI
SUMAN SAHA and
SOURAV SARKAR,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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CONTENTS
Page No.
1
1. Introduction --------------------------------------------
2. An Overview ----------------------------------------1
3. Circuit Description --------------------------------- 2
4. Notations of the components used ----------- 5
5. Circuit --- Layout ------------------------------------6
6. Circuit --- Photograph ------------------------------7
7. Hex code -------------------------------------------------
8
8. The Working ----------------------------------------9
9. Flow chart -------------------------------------------11
10. Construction ----------------------------------------
12
11. Application ---------------------------------------- 13
12. Further Improvements & Future Scope ---- 14
13. Conclusion ------------------------------------------15
14. References ------------------------------------------
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INTRODUCTION:
Although the appearance and capabilities of robot vary vastly, all robots share
feature of a mechanical, movable structure under some form of control. The control
of Robot involves three distinct phases: perception, processing and action. Generally,
the preceptors are sensors mounted on the robot, processing is done by the on-
board microcontroller or processor, and the task is performed using motors or with
some other actuators.
AN OVERVIEW:
In this project the robot, is controlled by a mobile phone that makes call to
the phone attached to the robot. In the course of the call, if any button is pressed
control corresponding to the button pressed is heard at the end of the call. This is
called Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF). The robot receives this DTMF tone
with the help of the phone stacked in the robot.
The received tone is processed by the microcontroller (89C51-16) with the help of
DTMF decoder (MT8870), which decodes the DTMF tone in to its equivalent binary
digit and this binary numbers are then send to the microcontroller. The
microcontroller is programmed to take a decision for any given input and outputs it
decisions to the motor drivers in order to drive the motors for forward or backward
motion or a turn.
The mobile that makes a call to the mobile attached to the robot acts as a remote,
so this does not require any transmitter or receiver units.
DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice frequency
band to the call switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone dialing is
called touch tone
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DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to each
keys that it can easily be identified by the electronic circuit. The signal generated
by the DTMF encoder is the direct algebraic submission, in real time of the
amplitudes of two sine or cosine waves of different frequencies, that is pressing
5 will send a tone made by adding 1336 Hz and 770 Hz to the other end of the
mobile phone. The table below shows the corresponding frequencies of the
numbered buttons.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:
Figure below shows the block diagram of the circuit of this microcontroller
based robot. The important components of this robot are DTMF decoder,
Microcontroller and motor driver.
An MT8870 series DTMF decoder is used in this circuit, which uses the digital
counting techniques to detect and decode all sixteen DTMF tone pairs into a four bit
code output. The built-in dial tone rejection circuit eliminates the need for pre-
filtering. When the input signal is given at pin2 (IN-) single ended input
configuration is recognized to be effective, the correct four bit decode signal of the
DTMF tone is transferred to Q1 (pin11) through Q4 (pin14) outputs.
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MICROCONTROLLER MOTOR DRIVER LEFT MOTOR
AT89C51
INPUT DEVICE
(AT89C51) (L293D)
RIGHT MOTOR
AT89C51
Description
FEATURES
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Oscillator Characteristics
The AT89C51 is normally shipped with the on-chip Flash memory array in the
erased state (that is, contents = FFH) and ready to be programmed. The
programming interface accepts either a high-voltage (12-volt) or a low-voltage
(VCC) program enable signal. The Low-voltage programming mode provides a
convenient way to program the AT89C51 inside the user‟s system, while the high-
voltage programming mode is compatible with conventional third party Flash or
EPROM programmers.
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The notations are:
IC1: MT8870
IC2:- AT89C51
IC3:- L293D
IC4:- IC7805
RESISTANCES (R1 R2):- 100KΩ
RESISTANCE (R3):-330 KΩ
RESISTANCES (R4 – R8):- 10KΩ
CAPACITOR (C1):- 0.1 µF
CAPACITORS (C2,C3,C5,C6):- 22pF
CAPACITOR (C4):- 0.1µF
CRYSTAL (xtal1):-3.57Mhz
CRYSTAL (xtal2):- 12MHz
SWITCH (S1):- push to on switch
MOTORS (M1 M2):- 12V, 100 rpm
BATTERY:- 12V and
WHEELS :- 4
5
6
7
THE HEX CODES:
Project_Final.asm
org 0000h
anl a,#0ffh
ljmp L1
ljmp L1
8
L3: cjne a,#50h,L4 ;DTMF o/p=5
ljmp L1
ljmp L1
ljmp L1
end
THE WORKING:
In order to control the robot, you have to make a call to the phone attached
to the robot from any phone. Now the phone is picked up by the phone on the robot
through auto answer mode (which is in the phone already just we have to enable it).
Now after the circuit is ready and all hex codes are fetched we are ready to control
the robot.
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No. o/p of the DTMF I/p to the o/p of the Action
pressed decoder microcontroller microcontroller performed
The figure below describes the working of the robot by cell phones with the
help of network center
Network
center
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FLOW CHART
START
M1=FWD CALL
IF INPUT=2 APPROPRIATE
M2=FWD DELAY
CALL
M1=REV
IF INPUT=8 APPROPRIATE
M2=REV DELAY
M1=STOP CALL
IF INPUT=5
APPROPRIATE
M2=STOP DELAY
M1=REV CALL
IF INPUT=4 APPROPRIATE
M2=FWD DELAY
M1=FWD CALL
IF INPUT=6 APPROPRIATE
M2=REV DELAY
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THE CONSTRUCTION:
The components listed below are used to construct this robot: the number they
are required in are written alongside them:
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Thus the required connection which is to be
made with the ear piece that is the connections
with the tip and the ring is to be taken care of,
because it is this which will make the circuit to
work as desired. If the wire is not connected
properly the robot will not function.
APPLICATION
The project is not only limited to simple functioning of the robot that is
to move forward, backward, right and left, but it can also be implemented with
camera to watch what is going out in particular location of the floor in a close circuit
monitor or /and with a voice recorder to even record the conversation going on in a
room. This definitely requires a difficult circuitry. Thus it is up to the maker what
he/she wants his/her robot to be like: SIMPLE (like ours) or
SOPHISTICATED…as described further.
1) Scientific
Military usage of remotely controlled military vehicles dates back to the first half of
20th century. Soviet Red Army used remotely controlled Teletanks during 1930s in
the Winter War and early stage of World War II.
UAVs will likely play an increased role in search and rescue in the United States. This
was demonstrated by the successful use of UAVs during the 2008 hurricanes that
struck Louisiana and Texas.
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4) Recreation and Hobby
See Radio-controlled model. Small scale remote control vehicles have long been
popular among hobbyists. These remote controlled vehicles span a wide range in
terms of price and sophistication. There are many types of radio controlled vehicles.
These include on-road cars, off-road trucks, boats, airplanes, and even helicopters.
The "robots" now popular in television shows such as Robot Wars, are a recent
extension of this hobby (these vehicles do not meet the classical definition of a
robot; they are remotely controlled by a human).
IR sensors can be used to automatically detect & avoid obstacles if the robot goes
beyond line of sight. This avoids damage to the vehicle if we are maneuvering it
from a distant place.
2. Password Protection:
Project can be modified in order to password protect the robot so that it can be
operated only if correct password is entered. Either cell phone should be password
protected or necessary modification should be made in the assembly language code.
This introduces conditioned access & increases security to a great extent.
When the system is activated it will call a number of programmed numbers to let the
user know the alarm has been activated. This would be great to get alerts of alarm
conditions from home when user is at work.
4. Adding a Camera:
If the current project is interfaced with a camera (e.g. a Webcam) robot can be
driven beyond line-of-sight & range becomes practically unlimited as GSM networks
have a very large range.
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CONCLUSION
It was not at all easy to construct such a robot which actually runs with the
help of a CELL PHONE. Initially it was near to infeasible as we never knew about the
DTMF working as to how and where the wires-input is to be connected, the
connection of the head phone and many more. We had many such problems, but
with the help of our faculty members and of course with the related information that
we managed to collect from the internet, we came to the last and final day when
our- yes our “CELL PHONE CONTROLLED ROBOT” can actually run…and that too just
with a cell phone…..isn‟t it really amazing. We thank all those who helped us with all
they could, to make our project a success….
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REFERENCES:
2. http://www.8051projects.info/
3. http://www.instructables.com/
6. http://www.alldatasheet.com/
7. http://www.datasheet4u.com/
8. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/
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