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Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2
200 mA Current Booster ................................................................................................... 2
Ultra High Speed Fed-Forward Current Booster ........................................................................ 4
Voltage-Current Booster ................................................................................................... 6
120V Swing Booster ...................................................................................................... 7
High Current Booster ....................................................................................................... 9
Indestructible, Floating Output Booster ................................................................................. 10
1000V-300 mA Booster ................................................................................................... 11
300V Output Booster ...................................................................................................... 13
List of Figures
6
7
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10
11
12
13
............................................................................................
.............................................................................
Voltage Gain from Complementary Common Base Stage Circuit ....................................................
100V Square Wave .......................................................................................................
High Current Loads Served by Booster Circuit ........................................................................
Current-Voltage Booster for AC Signals Circuit .......................................................................
Son of Godzilla Booster ..................................................................................................
Response of Boosted LF411 When 10V Pulse Applied to Circuit Input ...........................................
300V Output Booster Circuit .............................................................................................
Amplified Booster Response at a Gain of About 25 ..................................................................
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List of Tables
1
Introduction
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Introduction
Although modern integrated circuit operational amplifiers ease linear circuit design, IC processing limits
amplifier output power. Many applications, however, require substantially greater output voltage swing or
current (or both) than IC amplifiers can deliver. In these situations an output "booster," or post amplifier, is
required to achieve the needed voltage or current gain. Normally, this stage is placed within the feedback
loop of the operational amplifier so that the low drift and stable gain characteristics of the amplifier are
retained. Because the booster is a gain stage with its own inherent AC characteristics, the issues of phase
shift, oscillation, and frequency response cannot be ignored if the booster and amplifier are to work well
together. The design of booster stages which achieve power gain while maintaining good dynamic
performance is a difficult challenge. The circuitry for boosters will change with the application's
requirements, which can be very diverse. A typical current gain stage is shown in Figure 1.
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PNP=2N2905
NPN=2N2219 unless noted
TO-5 heat sinks for Q6-Q7
Voltage-Current Booster
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Voltage-Current Booster
In many applications it is desirable to obtain voltage gain from a booster stage. Most monolithic amplifiers
will only swing 12V, although some types, such as the LM143, can swing 35V. The circuit of Figure 5
shows a simple way to effectively double the voltage swing across a load by stacking or "bridging"
amplifier outputs. In the circuit shown, LF0002 current amplifiers are included in each LF412 output to
provide current drive capability. Because one amplifier inverts and the other does not, the load sees 24V
across it for 12V swings from each amplifier. With the LH0002 current buffers, 24V can be placed across
a 250 load. Although this circuit is simple and no high voltage supplies are needed, it requires that the
load float with respect to ground.
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A1 = LF357
PNP = 2N5415
NPN = 2N3440
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Adjust 10k pot for 25 mA zero signal current through the 0.22 resistors
* High frequency ground
** Input Ground
Note: All grounds should be tied together only at power supply ground.
5.0 C/W heat sink on BD348 and BD349
3.0 C/W heat sink on BD360 and BD361
10
1000V-300 mA Booster
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1000V-300 mA Booster
Figure 10 diagrams a very high voltage, high current booster which will allow an op amp to control up to
300W for positive outputs up to a staggering 1000V. This performance is achieved without sacrificing
efficiency because this booster, in contrast to all the others shown, operates in a switching mode. In
addition, this booster runs off 15V supplies and has the highly desirable property of not requiring a high
voltage power supply to achieve its high potential outputs. The high voltage required for the output is
directly generated by a switching DC-DC converter which forms an integral part of the booster. The
LM3524 switching regulator chip is used to pulse width modulate the transistors which provide switched
20 kHz drive to the TY-85 step-up transformer. The transformer's rectified and filtered output is fed back to
the LF411, which controls the input to the LM3524 switching regulator. In this manner, the high voltage
booster, although operating switched mode, is controlled by the op amp's feedback action in a similar
fashion to all the other designs. Q5 and the diode act as clamps to prevent the LF411's output swing from
damaging the LM3524's 4V input on start-up. The diode at the LF411 swing junction prevents high voltage
transients coupled through the feedback capacitor from destroying the amplifier. The 1 M-10k feedback
resistors set the gain of the amplifier at 100 so that a 10V input will give a 1000V output. Although the 20
kHz torroid switching rate places an upper limit on how fast information can be transmitted around the
loop, the 1 F filter capacitor at the circuit output restricts the bandwidth. For the design shown, full power
sine wave output frequency is 55H. Figure 11 shows the response of the boosted LF411 when a 10V
pulse (Trace A) is applied to the circuit input. The output (Trace B) goes to 1000V in about 1 ms, while fall
time is about 10 ms because of capacitor discharge time. During the output pulse's rise time the booster is
slew rate limited and the switching action of the torroid is just visible in the leading edge of the pulse.
The reader is advised that the construction, testing and use of this circuit must be approached with the
greatest care. The output potentials produced are many times above the level which will kill. Repeating,
the output of this circuit is lethal.
11
1000V-300 mA Booster
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T1 = Triad TY-85
Q1, Q3 = 2N3468
Q2, Q4 = 2N4399
Q5 = 2N2907
CAUTION
LETHAL OUTPUT POTENTIALS
Figure 10. Son of Godzilla Booster
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Figure 11. Response of Boosted LF411 When 10V Pulse Applied to Circuit Input
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14
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Voltage Gain
Current Gain
Bandwidth
Comments
No
Yes200 mA
Depends on op
amp. Typical 1
MHz
No
Yes200 mA
Full output to 5
MHz-3dB. Point
at 11 MHz.
Yes24V swing
No
Depends on op
amp.
Yes100V
Yes50 mA
50 kHz typical.
Full "+" and "" output swing. Allows inverting or noninverting operation. Simplified version ideal for CRT
deflection plate driving. More complex version drives full
200V swing into 2 k and 1000 pF.
Yes30V
Yes3A
50 kHz
Full "+" and "" output swing. Allows inverting or noninverting operation.
Yes70V swing
Yes3A
100 kHz
10
Yes1000V
Yes300 mA
50 Hz
12
Yes350V
No
500 kHz
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