Taking The Toeic 1 Answer Key New1

Chapter 1 Listening Practice
Part 1 Picture Description

Theme Notes (page 16)
A. House
B. Workplace
C. Restaurants and Stores
D. Other Public Places
Tips
Know the directions for Part 1.
Look at the first few pictures while the
directions are playing.
Ask yourself, Who? Where? What?
Focus on the main action in the photo.
Eliminate the answer choices that are
obviously incorrect.
Evaluate the answer choices and mark the
answer if you know it. If you fail to select your
answer, make a guess and move on to the
next picture.
Mini-test (page 18)

A. House
1. (A) The man is reading on the couch.
2. (D) The woman is chopping some vegetables.
3. (B) The woman is talking on the phone.
4. (C) The couple is watering the plants.
5. (D) The family is sitting down for a meal.
6. (D) There is a cup on the counter beside the
woman.
7. (B) The woman is touching the microwave.
8. (A) The man is hanging the picture.
9. (D) The people are relaxing in a living room.
10. (C) The man is texting on his cell phone.
11. (A) The refrigerator has nothing in it.
12. (C) The woman is packing her suitcase.
13. (A) There are clothes on the floor.
14. (D) There are candles around the bathtub.
15. (D) One boy is holding the remote control.
B. Workplace (Page 23)

1. (B) The cars are on the assembly line.
2. (B) The women are working with microscopes.
3. (A) The man is washing the window.
4. (D) The men are looking at a blueprint.
5. (A) One man is gesturing with his hand.
6. (C) The man is painting a building.
7. (B) The house is under construction.
8. (D) The woman is pointing to the plans.
9. (C) The hood of the car is open.
10. (D) The man is taking inventory.
11. (A) The woman is sending a fax.
12. (C) The man is using the keyboard.
13. (D) The team is meeting in the conference room.
14. (B) Two people are exchanging business cards.
15. (C) There are glasses of water on the table.
C. Restaurants and Stores (page 28)

1. (B) The man is studying the menu.
2. (C) The server is waiting to take the mans order.
3. (A) The man is shopping for groceries.
4. (C) The couple is paying for some clothes.
5. (A) The woman is shopping for shoes.
6. (A) The woman is trying on dresses.
7. (D) The pant legs are being shortened.
8. (B) The chef is preparing a meal.
9. (B) The shopping center is full of shoppers.
10. (A) The bartender is pouring a drink.
11. (A) The family is sitting down for a meal.
12. (B) The sales clerk is helping the couple.
13. (D) The people are drinking coffee at an outdoor
caf.
14. (B) A toast is being made.
15. (C) The table has cutlery on it.
D. Other Public Places (page 33)

1. (D) The man and woman are checking into a hotel.
2. (A) The musicians are holding their instruments.
3. (C) The womans suitcase has wheels.
4. (B) There is no one at the check-in counter.
5. (C) The woman is making the bed.
6. (B) Many people are waiting to use the escalators.
7. (D) There are no books on the table.
8. (B) The people are lined up to get on the bus.
9. (A) There are many people waiting to check in.
10. (A) The woman is picking up her bag.
11. (C) The passenger has his boarding pass.
12. (D) The campers are listening to some music.
13. (C) The man is taking a book from the shelf.

14. (B) The people are waiting for a bus.
15. (A) The passengers are boarding the plane.
Part 2 Questions and Responses

(additional explanation and examples)

Questions with an interrogative:
1. Who / Whose / Whom
"Who" is used to ask which person does an action or
which person is a certain way.
"Whose" is used to find out which person something
belongs to.
e.g. Whose report will be used for the presentation
today?
__ I was told it would be Larrys.
__ The report is not yet finished.
"Whom" is used to ask which person receives an
action.
e.g. Whom did you meet last Sunday?
__ It was a fine Sunday morning.
__ I met my mom for lunch.
**You will seldom hear this question form in the test.
2. What / Which
What is used to ask for information about someone
or something.
e.g. What are you going to wear for the party?
__ I havent decided yet.
__ Yes, the party was fun.
Which" is used to indicate or ask what is being shown,
pointed to, or mentioned out of a group.
e.g. Which company will ABC Corp. merge with?
__ The merger will be announced next week.
__ I heard its with Luther Corp.
Why do you need to go to New York?

__ Ill go to New York on Friday.
__ I have a big client to meet there.
5. How
a. How can / do?
How can / do are used to ask about manner of which
something is done.
e.g. How can they make the payment?
__ They can pay us online.
__ The payment hasnt been made yet.
How do I get the books I ordered?
__ Yes, I ordered new books.
__ Well deliver them to your address.
b. How many / much?
How many / much are used to ask about the number,
value, or amount of something.
e.g. How many people were at the conference?
__ I think there were about a hundred.
__ The conference started at 3:00 PM.
c. How long?
How long is used to ask about the length or specific
period of time.
e.g. How long have you known Ms. Jones?
__ Since we were kids.
__ Ms. Jones is hardworking.
How long will you stay in Chicago?
__ About two weeks.
__ Ill stay at the Four Seasons.
3. When
When is used to ask about time.
e.g. When do you need the report again?
__ I need them by tomorrow afternoon.
__ Yes, I need the report again.
d. How often
How often? is used to ask for frequency
e.g. How often do you go to the movies?
__ I
e. How was / How do you like / How do you feel about?
How was / How do you like / How do you feel about
is used to ask for an opinion.
e.g. How do you like my new dress?
__ It looks great on you.
__ No, I dont want a new dress.
When are you going to Australia?

__ I agree, Australia is a nice country.
__ Im scheduled to go there next month.
How do you feel about our president?

__ I think I need a new pair.
__ He looks strict.
4. Why
Why is used to ask for reason.
e.g. Why was the flight cancelled?
__ Reports said it was due to bad weather.
__ Please cancel my reservation.
Questions with No Interrogative (page 38)

1. Be / Do
a. Be-verb question
Be-verb questions are usually used to get positive or
negative information about the status or situation of
something.
e.g. Are you going to see the movie tomorrow?
__ My schedule looks full tomorrow.
__ I heard the movie is fantastic.
Were you at the party last night?
__ The party lasted all night.
__ I just stayed home.
b.Do-verb question
Do-verb questions are usually used to get a positive or
negative information about a habit or action.
e.g. Do you know when the shipment will arrive?
__ The shipment is ready.
__ I think it will be here on Tuesday.
Did you get the designs for our magazine cover?
__ Yes, I got them this morning.
__ Sure, lets do the cover.
2. Auxiliary Verbs
a. Can / May
These two can be used to ask for permission or a favor
but may is used if formality and politeness are of
utmost importance.
e.g. May I use your telephone?
__ Of course, go ahead.
__ You may use the lavatory.
Can you fax this invoice to Mr. Smith?
__ Sure, Ill do that now.
__ Yes, the invoice is for Mr. Smith.
b.Will?
Will question is used to get a yes/no answer or a
response about a future plan.
c. Have?
Have question is used to ask about someones
experience or things they have or havent done.
Other Types of Questions (page 39)
1. Indirect Questions
Direct vs. Indirect
Direct questions are the normal questions we ask to
people we know well such as friends and family.
e.g. Where is the restaurant?
How do I turn this on?
Indirect questions are more formal and polite; we use
them when we ask people we dont know very well or
in professional situations.
e.g. Could you tell me where the restaurant is?
Do you have any idea how to turn this on?
Indirect questions (for TOEIC)

e.g. Could you tell me how much the package tour is?
__ The package is ready for shipping.
__ I think its around 500 dollars.
Do you know what time the bank closes?
__ It closes at 4:00 PM.
__ The bank is around the corner.
2. Tag Questions used for asking confirmation.
e.g. You really dont like him, do you?
__ Because he is so annoying.
__ I know you like him.
Shes the new designer, isnt she?
__ Of course, she can design the cover.
__ Yes, she just started yesterday.
3. Negative Questions used to ask for confirmation
or to politely express an opinion
e.g. Arent the clients supposed to meet us today?
__ Yes, theyll be here at five.
__ Of course, I can meet you today.
Wouldnt it be nice to use reclaimed wood?
__ Yes, he claimed it yesterday.
__ Thats a great idea.
4. Alternative Questions used to present options or
choices
e.g. Would you like some tea or coffee?
__ Black coffee, please.
__ No, I dont like it.
Which do you like better, black or grey?
__ Thank you, I feel better now.
__ Both are good options.
5. Declarative Sentences used to state an idea,
fact, opinion, or emotion
e.g. I want to go to France for the holidays.
__ That sounds like a good plan.
__ Sure, I can go there for you.
I heard Pauls transferring to the head office in
Washington.
__ The office is just straight ahead.
__ Thats right. Hes leaving for Washington tomorrow.
6. Suggestions
a. Why dont? used when giving suggestion or
recommendation
e.g. Why dont you buy a new computer?
__ Thanks, Ill think about it.
__ I think I can fix your computer.
b. How about? used when giving suggestion or
recommendation
e.g. How about making the payment online?

__ Use your credit card to pay online.
__ Thats a brilliant idea.
What about?
e.g. What about booking the itinerary today?
__ We still havent finalized the dates for the trip.
__ Yes, the itinerary was booked.
Distinct uses (source: merriam-webster online)
There are also some distinct uses of How
about? and What about ?, or uses that are not
shared between them.
1. Only How about...? can be used to ask someone
to give you something, or to ask someone if they
will do something:
How about a couple of dollars until payday? [=can
you loan me a couple of dollars until payday?]
How about offering me something to drink? [=will
you offer me something to drink?]
1. Only What about...? can be used to ask what
should be done about something:
You can throw this one away. What about the
others?" [=what should we do about the others?][

What about people who can't afford health
insurance?
Mini-test (page 40)

A. Questions with an Interrogative
1. (B) That would be our office manager, Alice.
2. (C) This is my favorite.
3. (A) He didnt say what time.
4. (B) Usually every other week.
5. (A) At the information booth.
6. (B) I believe its mine.
7. (C) She never gave a reason.
8. (A) Im not sure.
9. (A) He got a great new opportunity.
10. (A) Anytime after lunch is fine.
11. (C) I left it on your desk.
12. (B) I slept most of the way.
13. (B) They havent found anyone yet.
14. (A) Ive almost finished it.
15. (A) The courier picked it up this morning.
16. (B) Their information wasnt accurate.
17. (A) It expires next week.
18. (C) The Australian sales office.
19. (A) I could work a few more hours.
20. (B) In the accounts office on the 3rd floor.
c. Should/Shouldnt? (just refer to the textbook)
Part 2 Questions and Responses

A. Questions with an Interrogative
B. Questions with No Interrogative
C. Other Types of Questions
Tips
Know the question types, so you know what
type of answer is required.
Pay attention to: similar sounding words, tag
questions, and indirect answers (i.e.
sometimes a yes/no answer does not have
yes or no).
Note: Sometimes you will not hear a question
but a statement.
Focus on the purpose of the question.
Eliminate choices that obviously dont fit the
situation.
B. Questions with No Interrogative

1. (A) Unfortunately, no.
2. (C) Not at this time of year.
3. (A) Yes, you just missed it.
4. (B) It all depends on the problem.
5. (C) No, its free.
6. (B) It totally slipped my mind.
7. (A) Yes, hes been promoted.
8. (B) Maybe. Let me ask my boss.
9. (C) Im not sure, but make one, just in case.
10. (A) No, Ill get to it first thing tomorrow.
11. (A) No, that one is for last weeks.
12. (B) I didnt understand the last section.
13. (C) Yes, we should review them again.
14. (C) Yes, I move in the first of the month.
15. (B) Sorry, were fully booked.
16. (C) Let me just finish this first.
17. (B) Yes, he called the office a few minutes ago.
18. (A) No, only the womens coats.
19. (B) Not that I know of.
20. (B) Yes, but it wasnt helpful.
C. Other Types of Questions (page 41)

1. (C) Either, but customer service is faster.
2. (B) Yes, Im expecting it tomorrow.
3. (C) He said he was feeling ill.
4. (A) Its at 10th Avenue and Vine Street.
5. (B) No, this is the new one.
6. (A) Thats a good idea.
7. (C) By debit card, actually.
8. (A) Im not sure about that.
9. (B) Thats a shame.
10. (C) Its supposed to be next week.
11. (A) Whichever is more convenient.
12. (C) No, its still on his desk.
13. (C) At 10 oclock.
14. (B) Definitely the first one.
15. (A) Weve changed it twice already.
16. (B) My schedule is too full.
17. (B) Thats too bad. Im sorry to hear that.
18. (A) Ms. Penry has that position.
19. (C) Unfortunately, he has another appointment.
20. (A) Thats because of your hard work.
Part 3 Short Conversations

Additional questions:
A. Office Talk
What has the man been working on?
B. Office Problems
What will happen?
C. Personal Changes
Who is interviewed in this conversation?
D. Daily Life
When is he going back in town?
E. Travel
What does the woman ask about?
Tips
Read the first few questions while the
type of answer is required (main idea, detail,
or inference).
Listen for information in the questions.
Eliminate choices that are obviously incorrect.
Read the questions for the next conversation
before it starts.
Mini-test
A. Office Talk (page 44)
1. (B) A financial report
2. (D) They could increase bonuses this year.
3. (C) The company has to pay higher taxes.
4. (B) Problems with the mail service
5. (A) She is surprised at the news.
6. (C) He knows couriers that can do the deliveries.
7. (C) He was away on business.
8. (B) Advertising to younger customers
9. (C) They are not open to new ideas.
10. (D) The president
11. (A) Ask for more time
12. (D) Thursday
13. (B) Complete some work
14. (A) He does not have time.
15. (A) Go for lunch
B. Office Problems ((page 46)
1. (A) How to change the toner
2. (C) Explains how to change the toner
3. (B) She will change the cartridge.
4. (C) He was on holiday.
5. (B) Last week
6. (D) Receive his new ID
7. (B) Some office equipment is broken.
8. (A) Responding so quickly
9. (C) Replace a wire
10. (B) He does not have enough equipment.
11. (C) In the third week of July
12. (A) Trying to borrow an old laptop
13. (D) He almost damaged the monitor.
14. (A) Finish cleaning his monitor
15. (A) Offered him her cleaning supplies
C. Personnel Changes (page 49)
1. (D) At a reception desk
2. (C) 12th floor
3. (A) Get a beverage
4. (C) A difficult coworker
5. (B) He is new at the company.
6. (A) Concerned
7. (B) Head of sales training
8. (D) His work experience
9. (C) Applicants will be contacted.
10. (C) A change in employees
11. (D) Next week
12. (A) Yukos transfer is very soon.
13. (B) The personnel manager
14. (A) Speak to Mr. Schmidt
15. (A) Connect her to the new manager
D. Daily Life (page 51)

1. (C) Whether they can see a movie
2. (B) The cost of a ticket
3. (C) Buy tickets online
4. (B) Their recent high gas bills
5. (A) To ask for advice
6. (D) Lower the temperature of her water heater
7. (D) A computer store clerk
8. (D) It was purchased more than 30 days ago.
9. (A) He should contact the manufacturer.
10. (A) A jewelry store
11. (B) Buy a present
12. (A) Buying a necklace
13. (D) A bank representative
14. (B) To get another card
15. (A) Get a card at a bank
E. Travel (page 54)
1. (C) It does not stop between the mall and
downtown.
2. (A) It needs to be fixed.
3. (A) Taking the subway
4. (D) A hotel clerk
5. (D) A last-minute cancellation
6. (A) She did not know about the policy.
7. (A) The air on the plane is dry.
8. (C) A flight attendant
9. (D) When the seat belt sign is off
10. (A) New York
11. (C) Extending his trip
12. (B) Take a vacation after the conference
Part 4 Short Talks

Additional Questions
A. Office Talk
What kind of office talk is taking place?
B. News and Weather
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
C. Travel Information
What can be enjoyed in Seychelles?
D. Advertisements
What comes with all the appliances?
E. Public Facilities
What time does the market open?
F. Voice Messages
Who is on the voice message?
G. Events and Festivals
Where will the bands perform?
H. Reports
Where can the spirit bears be found?
Tips
Read the first few questions while the
type of answer is required (main idea, detail,
or inference).
Listen for information in the questions (i.e.
what kind of information is needed main
idea, detail, inference).
Eliminate choices that are obviously incorrect.
Read the questions for the next talk before it
starts.
Mini-test
A. Office Talk (page 58)
1. (C) To remind staff of an upcoming event
2. (A) Make sure they are organized
3. (A) To keep its high rating
4. (A) The new computer system
5. (C) To make information easier to store
6. (D) Training sessions
7. (A) To announce a retirement
8. (B) He has been ill.
9. (C) A buffet lunch
B. News and Weather (page 59)
1. (D) To warn of traffic problems
2. (C) There is road work.
3. (A) Take an alternate route
4. (A) At the beginning of the week
5. (C) The weather will be bad.
6. (D) A mix of clouds and rain
7. (B) A radio host
8. (A) To conclude a program
9. (C) A new book
C. Travel Information (page 61)
1. (D) On a plane
2. (A) At the beginning of the trip
3. (D) They must be turned completely off.
4. (B) To explain the museum rules
5. (C) A notebook
6. (A) They could damage the art.
7. (D) San Francisco
8. (B) Passengers with connecting flights
9. (C) A discount for a future flight
D. Advertisements (page 62)

1. (C) A monitor
2. (D) The staff is available for assistance.
3. (D) Four days
4. (C) This coming Friday
5. (C) $30 a month
6. (D) A limited number of customers
7. (B) A furniture store
8. (A) By purchasing a sofa
9. (C) Delivery service is offered free.
E. Public Facilities (page 64)
1. (A) Parents of pre-school children
2. (C) Five
3. (A) By telephoning the library
4. (B) Get a license
5. (B) Tuesday at 10 a.m.
6. (A) By cash
7. (C) It is modern and fully equipped.
8. (C) Weekdays
9. (C) Individualized care
F. Voice Messages (page 65)
1. (C) To respond to a colleague
2. (C) The market is too weak now.
3. (B) An advertising campaign
4. (D) Press 4
5. (D) Stay on the line
6. (A) 10 minutes
7. (B) 95 minutes
8. (B) Two
9. (A) Monday at 2:30 p.m.
G. Events and Festivals (page 67)
1. (D) To announce award nominees
2. (A) Teaching excellence
3. (D) Students vote for the winner.
4. (B) He is a heart specialist.
5. (C) There will be a question-and-answer period.
6. (B) At a city hospital
7. (D) To raise money for research
8. (D) 10:00 a.m.
9. (A) Through contributions
H. Reports (page 68)
1. (D) To report evidence of global warming
2. (B) 0.5 meters per year
3. (B) They could harm Arctic animals.
4. (A) To talk about the effects of a disease
5. (B) Blindness
6. (D) About $150 million
7. (C) Once every year
8. (C) A company CEO delivered it.
9. (B) They could order a new phone.
1. Grammar Practice Parts of

Speech
Nouns (page 72)
Suggested activity:
Instruction: Identify the function of the noun in each
sentence.
1. John is the executive vice president. (subject

complement)
2. The payment has been made today. (noun as
subject)
3. We chose their company to do the work.
(noun as object)
4. They call her the timeless beauty. (object
complement; noun is modified by an
adjective)
Verbs
Useful notes:
1. Modal verbs are used to show if we believe
something is certain or probable/possible (or
not) OR to talk about ability, ask permission,
make requests and suggestions/offers, etc.
The bare infinitive is basically the base/simple
form of the verb (infinitive without to).
Modals: can/could, may/might, shall/should,
will/would, must
Suggested activity:
Instruction: Identify the verb in each sentence.
1. The reports are sent by her assistant every
day.
2. Traffic can worsen in the next hour.
3. Scott delivers pizza every day.
4. Do not hesitate to contact our customer
service hotline for more inquires.
5. The artist performed in front of a large
audience.
Exercises A. (page 73)
1. (A) proposals The correct choice is the noun
proposals, meaning a formal plan or suggestion.
It is the subject of this sentence.
2. (D) remind The verb remind is missing from this
sentence. This is part of the expression remind
(someone) to do (something).
3. (C) prepared The simple past tense prepared is
the correct choice. The sentence is missing a
verb, and the time expression in just 30 minutes
indicates that we are looking at a situation in the
past.
4. (A) must The correct choice is the modal verb
must, used to say that something is necessary
or important. It is usually followed by an infinitive
without to. The phrase meet our deadline also
indicates that the delivery time is important.

Exercises B.
1. (A) interest The correct choice to complete this
sentence is the noun interest. It is commonly
used with the preposition in.
2. (D) keep The correct choice is keep. Will is
followed
by an infinitive without to to form the future.
Exercises C.
1. (C) contract We can sign both a contract and a
pledge, however, in this context, contract is the
appropriate choice.
2. (B) file The correct verb for placing documents in
order in a specific location is file.
3. (A) techniques The correct choice is the plural
noun techniques, meaning methods.
4. (D) patient The correct choice is the adjective
patient, meaning able to stay calm and not get
annoyed.
Part 5 Mini-test (page 74)

1. (B) violence The correct choice is the noun
violence. The phrasal verb be full of needs to be
followed by a noun.
2. (D) astonishingly The correct choice is the adverb
astonishingly, meaning very surprisingly. In this
sentence, it modifies the adverb well.
3. (A) like The simple present form like completes
the sentence. We cannot use the present
progressive with the verb like. The use of the
present tense in the clause because it gives me
lots of independence needs to be matched by a
parallel tense.
4. (C) advice The correct choice is the noun advice.
Advise is a verb and therefore does not fit. The
nouns adaptation and adjustment do not fit into
the context of things we would expect from a
consultant.
5. (A) interest The correct choice is the noun
interest. It is followed by the preposition in and
completes the expression There + be-verb + an
interest in.
6. (D) controversial The correct choice is the
adjective controversial, meaning causing
disagreement or discussion. Unpleasant images leads
us to this choice.
7. (C) beneficial An adjective is needed to complete
this sentence. The adjective beneficial, meaning
having a good effect or influence, is the correct
choice to describe the effect of the workshops.
8. (B) regular The correct choice is the adjective

regular, meaning at even intervals of time. It modifies
the noun basis. Regularly is not appropriate
because it is an adverb while regularity does not
fit because it is a noun. Regulatory is also an
adjective, but with the meaning of controlling, it
does not fit in this context.
9. (D) late The correct choice is the adverb late. We
cannot use the superlative form latest because
the context does not deal with comparisons. Of
late and lately both mean recently, and
therefore do not fit here.
10. (B) Be The correct choice is the plain form of
the infinitive be. In this sentence, an order to do
something is being given, so the imperative is
needed.
11. (B) confidential The correct choice is the
adjective confidential. It is common to mark this on an
envelope to indicate that it should not be opened
by anyone other than the person to whom it is
addressed.
12. (A) submits We can submit a report (on time).
However, the other three verb choices in this
question do not fit in this sentence.
13. (A) agree The correct choice in this sentence is
the simple present form agree. The speaker I is
the subject of two verbs, and these need to have
the same tense.
14. (B) well The correct choice is the adverb well,
meaning in a good way. The other choices cannot
be used with the adverb very.
15. (C) quiet The adjective quiet is needed in this

sentence to describe the crowd. Grow is used
before an adjective to talk about a gradual change.
1. (C) tired The correct choice is the adjective tired
because it describes how the affected agent
feels.
2. (A) improve The correct choice is the verb
improve. In this context, the subject matter is the
benefits of stretching. An improvement in flexibility is
given as one of those benefits.
3. (B) strenuous The correct choice is the adjective
strenuous, meaning requiring a lot of physical
effort. The superlative form most strenuous does
not fit because no comparison is being made.
Additionally, the adverb strenuously and the noun
strenuousness cannot be used to modify the
noun exercise.
4. (C) contributions The correct choice is the noun
contributions. Donors make contributions.
5. (B) donate The correct choice is the simple

present donate because we are talking about a
regularly occurring action.
6. (D) usual The adjective usual, meaning normal
is used here. It is not used in a comparative form
because the comparison is expressed by later.
The Red Cross will be open later.
2. Grammar Practice Tenses

Useful notes: (page 78)
1. Past Perfect - often used with when + past simple
clause; but also used with as soon as, the moment,

and after
e.g.
a. The hotel had cancelled the reservation when they
notified me. (the cancellation happened before I got
notified)
b. As soon as I had finished the meeting with our CEO,
I went straight to the sales office.
c. We walked on the shore after we had eaten our
dinner.
Suggested activity (after discussion of all tenses):
Instruction: Use the correct tense of the verb in each
sentence.
1. He ____ (is eating / was eating) when I got home.
2. I ____ (will call / called) the office this morning.
3. Sandra ____ (has worked / has work) there since the
merger.
4. Mr. Takeuchi ____ (is going / are going) to check the
proposal tomorrow.
5. As soon as I ____ (got / get) to the bank, I will make
the deposit.
1. (D) is The simple present is used in time clauses
that have a future meaning, making is the correct
choice.
2. (B) met The correct choice is the simple past
tense met, referring to a completed action in the past
(a week ago).
3. (D) has been The present perfect is needed here
to refer to a situation that has continued up to
the present.
4. (D) was cleaning The past progressive is used
here to refer to something that was happening
at a certain point in the past.
Exercises B.
1. (B) have complained The present perfect have
complained is used here because the complaints
were received in the past but have a result in the
present.
2. (C) assistance The correct choice is the noun

assistance. It is used to complete the expression
ask someone if they need assistance.
Exercises C.
1. (A) candidate We usually refer to someone who
applies for a job or position as a candidate.
2. (C) success The correct choice is the noun
success. In the given context of a business idea,
only success fits in the structure be a (huge) ___.
3. (D) annual The correct choice is the adjective
annual, meaning occurring every year. It modifies the
noun meeting.
4. (A) concerns The correct choice is the noun
concerns, meaning worries. It is the word that
best fits with ease.

1. (A) will visit The simple future form will visit is
used because the sentence is talking about an event
in the future (next year).
2. (B) negotiated The correct choice is the simple
past negotiated because it refers to a completed
action in the past.
3. (B) had never had The past perfect is used here
to refer to something which happened before a
certain point in the past.
4. (B) am going Be going to is used for plans
already made. The speaker has already decided to
study abroad.
5. (B) was thinking The past progressive was
thinking is used to express something that was
happening at a certain point in the past.
6. (A) receipts The correct choice is the noun
receipts, meaning a slip of paper that proves the
purchase of something. In this context of business
travel expenses, only receipts fits with submit.
7. (C) was working The correct choice is the past
progressive because it refers to an action that
was in progress at a certain point in the past.
8. (A) gets The correct choice is the simple present
because it refers to an activity performed regularly.
This is indicated by the adverb of frequency every
day.
9. (D) convened The correct choice is the verb
convened, meaning got together. It is the only choice
that is appropriate in this context.
10. (D) had been living The correct choice is the
past perfect progressive had been living because it
refers to an action that was in progress before a
certain point in the past.
11. (A) was talking The past progressive is needed
here because it refers to something that was
happening in the past.
12. (A) presentation The correct choice is the noun

presentation, meaning a talk given to explain or
introduce something.
13. (B) was studying The correct choice is the past
progressive was studying. It refers to an action
that was taking place at a certain point in the past.
14. (A) see The present simple is used in
subordinate clauses with a future meaning.
15. (A) proposal The correct choice is the noun
proposal, meaning a suggestion or plan.

1. (C) will refund The correct choice is the simple
future form will refund because it refers to an
action that will occur at a future time.
2. (A) have returned The present perfect form have
returned is needed because it refers to an action
that has happened several times up to the
present (multiple items in the past six months).
3. (B) notified The sentence refers to a completed
action in the past, so the correct choice is notified.
4. (C) will have The sentence refers to an action in
the future, therefore will have is the correct choice.
5. (C) are considering The correct choice is are
considering because it refers to an action currently in
progress.
6. (A) Are The 3rd person plural form of the be-verb,
are is needed to form a yes/no question here.
3. Grammar Practice Voice
3. I saw the janitor cleaning for hours.

______________________________
(The janitor was seen cleaning for hours.)
4. We resolved the issue quickly.
______________________________
(The issue was resolved quickly (by us).)

1. (D) been corrected The correct choice is been +
the past participle of the verb correct. This completes
the present perfect passive here.
2. (B) returned The correct choice is the past
participle returned. Here it completes the present
perfect form has returned.
3. (C) were seen The correct choice is the simple
past passive were seen. The agent of the verb is not
given, making a passive form necessary.
4. (C) was preoccupied Because of yesterday, the
past tense is needed. With the adjective preoccupied,
the be-verb is needed. This means was preoccupied
is the only possible choice.
Exercises B.
1. (C) was conducted The correct choice is the
passive form was conducted. The agent of the verb is
the National Telecommunications Institute.
2. (A) interviewed The past participle interviewed
completes the passive form in this sentence. The
agent of the verb is not mentioned in this sentence,
which is one of the key features of the passive.
(page 84)
Passive Voice is used when the receiver of the action
is more important than the doer of the action or when
the doer of the action is not specific.
Useful notes:
1. Intransitive verbs do not have objects,
therefore they cannot take passive forms.
Examples of intransitive verbs: happen, agree,
belong, depend, exist, occur, sit, and swim
Suggested activity:
Instruction: Rewrite the following sentences, changing
the underlined verbs to passive voice.
1. He transferred the funds today.
The funds were transferred (by him) today.
2. The manager made us sign the memo.
______________________________
(We were made to sign the memo.)
Exercises C.
1. (C) personnel Personnel refers to the department
of a company where hiring decisions are made.
2. (A) urgent The correct choice is the adjective
urgent, meaning needing immediate attention.
3. (C) likely The correct choice is the adjective
likely, meaning probably going to happen.
4. (A) warm The correct choice is the adjective
warm. It modifies the noun reception. A warm
reception means a friendly welcome.

1. (D) vehicles The expression motor capital alerts
us to the need of a word related to cars. Among the
choices given, vehicles is the only appropriate choice.
2. (C) were seen The correct choice is were seen.
The robbers were seen (passive). What they were
doing when they were seen is leaving the bank.
3. (B) refused The correct choice is the simple past
refused because it refers to a completed action
in the past.
4. (B) shouting In passive sentences, perceptual
verbs like hear are followed by a to-infinitive for

habitual actions or an -ing form for an action in
progress at a certain point. Yesterday indicates
that we are not talking about a habitual action, so
the correct choice is shouting.
5. (A) were surveyed The correct choice is the
passive form were surveyed. The agent of the verb is
not given.
6. (B) judge The correct choice is the noun judge. In
a legal context, the person who makes decisions
in court is a judge.
7. (A) was satisfied The correct choice is was
satisfied. This is often used with the preposition with.
8. (C) arrived The correct choice is the simple past
form arrived to refer to a completed action in the past.
9. (B) established The correct choice is the past
participle established. It forms the passive with was.
10. (B) has been employed The correct choice is
the present perfect passive because it refers to
something that started in the past but is still
related to the present time.
11. (A) will be crowded The correct choice is the
simple future passive will be crowded. It refers to a
future situation. The agent of the verb is people.
12. (D) success The correct choice is the noun
success. The words hard work and dedication are
words that are suggestive of success.
13. (C) considering The correct choice is the
present participle considering. It completes the present
progressive form is considering. The committee
is in the process of making a decision.
14. (B) has not been announced The correct choice
is the present perfect passive. Among the choices,
this is the only grammatically correct answer. The
use of the word yet indicates a connection with
the present time.
15. (A) are subsidized The correct choice is the
simple present passive. It describes a current situation.

1. (D) attention The correct choice is the noun
attention. It completes the expression to bring
(something) to ones attention.
2. (C) were purchased The correct choice is the
simple past passive were purchased. The agent of the
verb is not given in the sentence, making the
passive the obvious choice.
3. (C) impression The noun impression is needed in
this sentence. It completes the expression to give
a good impression, meaning to create a favorable
opinion.
4. (B) are needed The correct choice is the simple

present passive form are needed. In this context,
it has the meaning of are necessary.
5. (C) involved The past participle involved
completes the passive in this sentence.
6. (A) will be asked to The correct choice is the
simple future passive will be asked to, referring to a
situation in the future.
Review Test 1
Part 5 (page 90)
1. (A) was held The correct choice is the passive
form was held. The agent of the action is not given,
indicating the need for the passive.
2. (B) announced The correct choice is the simple
past announced because it refers to a completed
action in the past.
3. (C) stationery The correct choice is the noun
stationery, meaning paper, envelopes, and other
such items.
4. (D) have attended The correct choice is the
present perfect have attended. It refers to an action in
the past with a connection to the present.
5. (B) to be made The correct choice is to be made.
To completes the modal verb has to, meaning
necessary or needed. It is used here in the
passive form with the past participle made.
6. (D) authorization The correct choice in this
context is the noun authorization, meaning official
permission.
7. (A) manufacturing The correct choice is the
gerund manufacturing.
8. (B) delivered The correct choice is the past
participle delivered, completing the passive form in this
sentence.
9. (B) been determined The correct choice is the
passive form been determined. Together with has, it
completes the present perfect passive.
10. (C) location - The correct choice is the noun
location in this context. The presence about the
indefinite article alerts us to the need for a noun.
11. (A) be installed The correct choice is the
passive form be installed.
12. (A) happened The correct choice is the simple
past tense. The time expression last week indicates
that the past tense is needed. Happen cannot be used
in the passive.
13. (C) will have been The correct choice is the
future perfect tense, talking about an action which
began in the past but has a relation to the present.
14. (A) accountant The correct choice is the noun
accountant. A noun is needed in this sentence.
The expression speak six languages tells us that
a person is needed.
15. (C) was working The correct choice is the past
progressive to express one action taking place at
the same time as another in the past. The speaker

attended a meeting, and at the same time, Sandras
work on the presentation was in progress.
Part 6 (page 92)

16. (B) has been rejected The correct choice is the
present perfect passive. The sentence does not
identify the agent of the verb.
17. (A) advise The correct choice in this context is
the verb advise.
18. (C) luck The correct choice is the noun luck.
Here it completes the expression wish someone luck.
19. (D) has The correct choice is the 3rd person
singular form of the simple present.
20. (A) will be The correct choice is the simple
future form will be.
21. (A) application The correct choice is the noun
application in this context.
4. Grammar Practice Agreement

1. A Singular subject takes a singular verb; a
plural subject takes a plural verb.
2. The key to making sure that the subject and
verb agree is to identify whether the subject is
singular or plural.
Additional examples for Subject-Verb Agreement
1. Not only Mrs. White but also many other
respectable women are expected at the
summit. (the noun after but also determines
the verb)
2. The employees as well as the department
head want a new attendance policy. (the noun
before as well as determines the verb)
Suggested activity:
Instruction: Choose the correct form of the verb in
each sentence.
1. Neither Mr. Tamiya nor the board of directors
____ (know / knows) about the decline in last
months sales.
2. The speed limit in this town ____ (is / are) 20
miles per hour.
3. People ____ (has noticed / have noticed) the
recent changes in the office.
4. 75% of the complaints often ____ (come /
comes) from female customers.

1. (C) is Data analysis is a singular noun, so it
needs to be followed by the 3rd person singular form
of the be-verb.
2. (D) have been The verb needs to agree with the
plural noun pages and needs to be in the present
perfect for an action which occurred in the past but has
a connection to the present.
3. (B) have The noun in the of-phrase of a fraction
determines the number of the verb. In this case,
the noun is employees, so we need a plural form
of the verb. The past participle passed is given in
the sentence, therefore we need the verb have
to complete the present perfect.
4. (C) comes The correct choice is the 3rd person
singular simple present form. The subject is bus,
and because the sentence refers to a regularly
occurring activity, the correct choice is comes.
Exercises B.
1. (B) along The correct choice is along. In this
sentence, it forms the prepositional phrase along with,
meaning together with.
2. (C) all The correct choice is the determiner all.
The other answer choices cannot be used with a plural
noun.
Exercises C.
1. (D) announced The correct choice in this context
is announced, meaning to make publicly known.
2. (A) fined The correct choice is fined, the past
participle of the verb fine, meaning to charge money
as a punishment.
3. (A) estimate The correct choice is the verb
estimate, meaning to guess (the cost, size, or value)
of something. It is common to use this verb when
talking about asking for the approximate cost of
something.
4. (D) reserve The correct choice is reserve,
meaning to keep something for someones use.

1. (D) were The correct choice is were. It completes
the past progressive (were waiting) to talk about an
action in progress at a certain point in the past.
2. (A) offer The 3rd person plural form offer is the
correct choice. It agrees with the subject several
branches.
3. (C) is Expressions of time need a singular verb.
4. (A) is In the expression neither . . . nor, the
number of the verb is determined by what is next to it.
In this sentence, the singular noun performance
precedes the verb.
5. (A) is In this sentence, the verb agrees with the
singular noun climbing.
6. (B) departments In the context of a company, the

various sections are usually referred to as
departments.
7. (B) is attending Modifiers do not affect the
number of the verb. Since the subject of the sentence
is head of HR, a singular verb is needed.
8. (A) is required We do not know the agent of the
verb, and every employee is a singular noun, so the
correct choice is the singular present form of the
passive.
9. (B) has been sold The noun in the of-phrase of a
fraction governs the number of the verb. The correct
choice is the present perfect passive because we do
not know who did the selling.
10. (D) is Mail is an uncountable noun, so we need
the 3rd person singular verb.
11. (A) is Beef is an uncountable noun, so the 3rd
person singular verb is needed.
12. (D) current The correct choice is the adjective
current, meaning up-to-date. Fashionable, trendy,
and present cannot be used to describe news.
13. (A) is The verb agrees with global warming, an
uncountable noun.
14. (A) is too little Expressions of time take a
singular verb. The sentence talks of the need to
adequately discuss new projects, suggesting a lack of
time. For this reason, is too little is the correct choice.
15. (C) themselves The 3rd person plural reflexive
pronoun themselves is the correct choice because it
refers to a 3rd person plural noun, the directors.
1. (C) is The verb needs to agree with mentor,
therefore the correct choice is the 3rd person singular
is.
2. (C) work The sentence describes a regularly
occurring activity, so the simple present is required.
The subject is composed of two nouns (you and your
mentor), so a plural verb form is needed.
3. (B) realistic The correct choice is the adjective
realistic, meaning based on fact.
4. (B) their The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun their because it refers to the noun products
belonging to the plural noun advertisers.
5. (D) have received The noun in the of-phrase of a
fraction determines the number of the verb.
Companies requires a plural verb. Of the two plural
verbs among the choices, only the present perfect
have received fits with in recent years which implies an
action occurring in the past.
6. (D) equally The correct choice is the adverb
equally, meaning to the same degree.
5. Grammar Practice Infinitives

and Gerunds
1. Gerunds may function as subject or object of a
verb.
e.g. Smoking is bad for your health.
Do you like baking?
2. Infinitives are also used to express a purpose.
e.g. I came here to tell you about the changes
in the project.
Ms. Jennings called to check the status of her
application.
Suggested activity:
Instruction: Change the verb to infinitive or gerund to
complete the sentence.
1. Sarah managed ____ (finish) the campaign on
her own. [to finish]
2. I cannot imagine ____ (go) to the summit
unprepared. [going]
3. He enjoys ____ (play) golf on weekends.
[playing]
4. The president wants us ____ (work) efficiently
using the new computers. [to work]
5. The management was surprised about
Richards ____ (treat) the customers unfairly.
[treating]
Exercises A. (PAGE 101)
1. (C) to arrive With the verb expect, a to-infinitive is
usually needed.
2. (D) to admit A to-infinitive is used after want +
object.
3. (C) coming The correct choice is the gerund
coming. After stop, we can use a gerund or an
infinitive. To come is inappropriate because it would
give the meaning of stop in order to come.
4. (B) to meet A to-infinitive is used with the verb
promise.
Exercises B.
1. (A) to succeed With the verb expect, a toinfinitive
is usually needed.
2. (C) trying We use an -ing form with stop to
express an action in progress. In this case, successful
people continue their efforts.
Exercises C.
1. (C) win The correct choice is win, meaning to
achieve first place in a contest or competition.
2. (D) resign The correct choice is resign, meaning
to quit ones job.
3. (C) speech The correct choice is speech. At a
conference, the keynote speech is the main or
most important speech.
4. (B) succeeded The correct choice is succeeded,

the past participle of succeed, meaning to
come after another person.
6. (B) to create An infinitive of purpose to create is

needed here to express the reason for the visit.
6. Grammar Practice Participles

and Participle Clauses
1. (B) being The verb enjoy is followed by a gerund.

2. (B) ordering The correct choice is ordering. The
expression be responsible for is followed by a gerund.
3. (B) Selling The gerund selling, used as a noun, is
the subject of this sentence.
4. (B) to bring The verb allow is followed by a toinfinitive.
5. (B) giving The verb regret is followed by a
gerund. Regret cannot be followed by a to-infinitive in
this context, talking about an event in the past.
6. (C) forbidden The correct choice is the adjective
forbidden, meaning not allowed.
7. (A) to turn After the verb forget, we use a toinfinitive to express a purpose. In this sentence, the
speaker should have turned off the coffee maker but
did not.
8. (C) to pursue After the verb want, a to-infinitive is
needed.
9. (B) to give After the verb ask, a to-infinitive is
needed.
10. (B) to make After it is important, we use a to
infinitive.
11. (A) to enter A to-infinitive is needed here to
show purpose.
12. (B) stealing After the verb deny, we use an -ing
form.
13. (A) to inform In this sentence, after the verb
regret, a to-infinitive needs to be used. The speakers
feel regret because of the information they have to
give. I/We regret to . . . is a formal way of apologizing
for something you are about to do. If the -ing form
were used in this sentence, the meaning would change
to I informed you. Now I feel regret.
14. (A) making After the phrasal verb specialize in,
an -ing form is needed.
15. (C) to check The correct choice is to check.
After try, a to-infinitive expresses purpose.

1. (B) surprised The correct choice is the past
participle used as an adjective. This is used to
describe how Gwen might feel.
2. (D) such a Such is used to talk about degree and
is used with nouns and noun phrases. When the
indefinite article is present, it goes before it.
3. (D) to figure After the verb manage, a to-infinitive
is used.
4. (D) to bring With the expression deliver on a
promise, meaning to keep a promise, a to-infinitive is
used.
5. (B) advice The correct choice is the noun advice,
meaning an opinion on what one should or shouldnt
do.

Participles also function as adjectives.
1. Use ed participle to express how a person feels or
to describe the one feeling the emotion
e.g. Frustrated customers complained about the
new product.
The customers were frustrated and complained
about the new product. (the customers felt
frustrated)
Use ed participle if you want to describe what is done
to the noun or describe its condition
e.g. boiled eggs, baked potatoes, limited budget,
revised document
Some past participles do not end in ed but they are
also used as adjectives.
e.g. rotten tomatoes, broken glass, written
message,
2. Use ing participle to describe the noun that causes
the emotion
e.g. It was another inspiring speech from the
president.
The president gave another inspiring speech. (the
speech inspired the listeners)
Use ing participle to describe what the noun is doing
or is capable of doing/ causing someone to feel
e.g. satisfying dishes, thrilling sites, changing
climate, boring movie, participating stores
Suggested activity:
Instruction: Change the verbs into ed or ing
participle to make each sentence correct.
1. The ____ (change) weather condition makes it
difficult for us to plan trips. [changing]
2. I felt ___ [bore] because the movie was too
long.
3. People like ___ (interest) stories to read or
watch. [interesting]
4. ___ (interest) buyers are willing to spend even
if the product is expensive. [interested]
5. We heard the ___ (depress) news about the
mass layoff yesterday.

1. (C) exciting An -ing form is needed here because
news is the agent. The news is causing people to feel
excitement.
2. (D) Surprised An -ed form is used when the
object of its original verb serves as the subject of the
main clause. She is caused to feel surprise.
3. (C) Being An -ing form is used when the original
verb is intransitive.
4. (A) seen A past participle is used when the object
of its original verb serves as the subject of the main
clause.
Exercises B.
1. (B) Located An -ed form is used when the object
of its original verb serves as the subject of the main
clause.
2. (B) worn The past participle is used because it is
not the agent of the noun (not doing the action of the
participle).
Exercises C.
1. (A) quota The correct choice is the noun quota,
meaning a fixed limited amount.
2. (C) variety The correct choice is the noun variety,
meaning having the characteristic of being different.
3. (B) registered The correct choice is registered,
meaning listed officially.
4. (D) depression The correct choice is the noun
depression, meaning a period in which there is
little business activity.

1. (B) bored The participle of the noun is not the
agent
doing the action, so a past participle is used.
2. (C) certified The past participle is used as an
adjective to describe accountant.
3. (A) exhausted Here an -ing clause is an
explanation of the following main clause. Exhausted
describes how Mark felt. Feeling exhausted is the
reason that Mark felt he was entitled to a vacation.
4. (D) confusing The -ing form is used because the
noun modified by the participle is the agent. The policy
causes people to experience confusion.
5. (A) arrested The past participle is used here to
form a passive. Tom was arrested, but we do not know
who did the arresting.
6. (B) written The past participle is used here
because the object of its original verb serves as the
subject of the main clause.
7. (D) annoying The tapping is the agent which
makes Juan feel annoyed, therefore annoying is the
correct choice.
8. (B) specified The correct choice is the past

participle. Among the two possible choices, specified,
meaning stated or described clearly is the answer.
9. (A) recycled The correct choice is the past
participle recycled. The noun modified by the participle
is not the agent, so a past participle is appropriate.
10. (C) broken In this sentence, the past participle is
needed as an adjective. The noun modified by the
participle is not the agent so a past participle is
appropriate.
11. (D) clarity The correct choice is the noun clarity,
meaning the quality of being clear and easy to
understand.
12. (B) design The correct choice is the noun
design. It forms a compound noun with company to
refer to a company engaged in producing designs.
13. (C) Hand-written The past participle handwritten is used as an adjective to describe letters. The
noun modified by the participle is not the agent,
so a past participle is appropriate.
14. (D) unattended The correct choice is
unattended, meaning not watched. It is commonly
used in announcements at railway stations and
airports.
15. (C) understood The past participle understood is
needed to complete the expression make oneself
understood, meaning to communicate effectively.

1. (B) expected The noun modified by the participle
is not the agent, so a past participle is appropriate.
2. (C) goals The correct choice is the noun goals,
meaning target or aim.
3. (B) pricing The correct choice is the present
participle pricing. In this context, when pricing has the
meaning of "when making the price."
4. (B) thinking The -ing form is used here. It is a
shortened version of when we are thinking.
5. (A) internationally The correct choice is the
adverb internationally, meaning in several countries.
6. (D) distributed The past participle is needed here
to complete the simple present passive are distributed.
Review Test 2
Part 5 (page 112)
1. (B) to be updated - The correct choice is to be
updated because needs is followed by a to-infinitive.
2. (D) to fill The correct choice is the infinitive form
to fill because of the use of the verb stop. In this
context, it has the meaning of stop in order to do
something.
3. (C) every other The correct choice is the
determiner every other which modifies day.
4. (C) Located The correct choice is the past
participle. A past participle is used when the object of
the original verb serves at the subject of the main
clause. Therefore, located is needed here.
5. (D) to be promoted The correct choice is the

passive form to be promoted.
6. (A) Struggling The correct choice is the -ing form
struggling.
7. (A) these The correct choice is the plural
determiner these.
8. (B) is The correct choice is the 3rd person
singular form is. The noun in the of-phrase determines
the number of the verb.
9. (C) is Sums of money are followed by the 3rd
person singular form of the verb, making is the correct
choice.
10. (A) to finish After order, a to-infinitive is needed.
11. (D) Hoping The correct choice is the -ing form,
hoping.
12. (B) is The time expression three weeks is
followed by a singular verb form.
13. (B) exhausted The correct choice is the past
participle exhausted. It acts as an adjective to describe
workers.
14. (C) is With the expression neither . . . nor, the
number of the verb is determined by what is next to it.
15. (A) smiling The present participle is used here
to modify the noun chairman.
Part 6 (page 114)
16. (A) taking The expression be responsible for
takes the gerund.
17. (B) Living The correct choice is the -ing form
living.
18. (B) their The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun their. In this sentence, it refers to the family of
Mrs. McGarrity. While family is a singular noun,
because it refers to a group of people, the plural 3rd
person possessive is used here.
19. (C) located The correct choice is the past
participle located, used here with the present passive
form.
20. (C) you to live The verb allow is used with a toinfinitive.
21. (A) have The correct choice is the auxiliary verb
have because the noun in the of-phrase of the fraction
two-thirds is plural.
7. Grammar Practice Relative

Clauses
Useful Notes: (page 116)
1. Relative clauses are used to give additional
information about something without making
another sentence. To do this, we need relative
pronouns and adverbs.
2. Grammar purists would say using reason
why is incorrect and redundant. However, if
we focus on the role of why in a relative
clause, it is actually grammatically correct.
Reason is commonly used with why and we

use this to express a cause or an explanation
for something that happened or something we
have done.
>>> The relative adverb connects the relative
clause to the main clause.
e.g. He wants to know the reason(main
clause) why youre mad at him (relative
clause).
This is the reason why I should leave the
country.
>>> Reason why only becomes redundant
when you say it like this: This is the reason
why. vs. This is the reason.
Suggested activity:
Instruction: Write the correct relative pronoun or
adverb to complete each sentence.
1. It was 1997 ___ I first visited France. [when]
2. She gets ___ she wants. [what]
3. That is the restaurant ___ I used to hang out
with my university friends. [where]
4. The woman ___ account we opened yesterday
designed these furniture sets. [whose]
5. He did not tell me the reason ___ he chose to
study in that university. [why]
1. (D) What The relative pronoun what is not
preceded by a noun. It acts as a noun + relative
pronoun together and means the things which.
2. (C) whose The relative possessive whose is used
here because the antecedent is a person.
3. (A) who The antecedent is a person, so who is
needed. That cannot be the correct choice because it
is rarely used in non-identifying clauses.
4. (A) where The relative adverb where is used
when referring to a place.
Exercises B.
1. (A) which The relative pronoun which is used
when the antecedent is a not a person.
2. (B) apologize The correct choice is the verb
apologize. It completes the expression to apologize for
(the) inconvenience.
Exercises C.
1. (B) lose The correct choice is the verb lose. It
completes the phrase lose focus, which means to lose
concentration.
2. (D) overtime The correct choice is the noun
overtime, meaning work in addition to ones regular
working hours. It completes the expression to work
overtime.
3. (B) distract The correct choice is the verb

distract, meaning to stop someone from
concentrating.
4. (B) asked With the noun favor, the verb ask is
most commonly used.

1. (C) which The relative pronoun which is needed
in this non-restrictive (non-identifying) clause.
2. (B) which Because the antecedent is not a
person, the relative pronoun which is needed. The
preposition to means that cannot be used. Which is
used instead of that, for example, in which, for which,
about which, through which.
3. (D) when The correct choice is the relative
adverb when, used to express time.
4. (A) where The relative adverb where is needed
because it refers to a place (the area of the country).
5. (D) conferences The correct choice is the noun
conferences. Logically, this is the only occasion among
the choices that would require a catering service.
6. (A) trips This completes the compound noun
business trips, meaning travel undertaken for the
purpose of ones job. In this context, none of the other
choices fit.
7. (A) whichever The relative pronoun whichever is
used here with the meaning of any one.
8. (B) whose The relative possessive is needed
here to refer to the antecedent people.
9. (B) who The relative pronoun who is used here
because the antecedent is a person (my first boss).
10. (A) why The relative adverb why is used for
giving a reason.
11. (B) to whom The object relative pronoun whom
with the preposition to is the correct choice.
12. (D) who The relative pronoun who is used here
because the antecedent is a person (James).
13. (C) for whom The relative pronoun whom is
used as the object of the preposition for.
14. (B) mistake The correct choice is the noun
mistake, meaning not correctly.
15. (A) that The relative pronoun that is used here.
It can be used whether the antecedent is a person or
not.
1. (D) recent The correct choice is the adjective
recent, meaning of a short time ago.
2. (C) reduce The correct choice is the verb reduce.
It is the only choice that makes sense with the noun
stress in this sentence.
3. (C) who The relative pronoun who is used
because the antecedent is a person.
4. (D) who The relative pronoun who is used
because the antecedent is a person.
5. (C) that The relative pronoun that is used here. It
can be used whether the antecedent is a person or
not.
6. (A) available The correct choice is the adjective
available, meaning able to be obtained.
8. Grammar Practice Conjunctions

and Prepositions
Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions
1. Coordinating conjunctions join two independent
clauses together in one sentence, where both
clauses will have equal emphasis/value.
e.g. Jack cleaned the kitchen. Amy did the laundry.
>>> Jack cleaned the kitchen and Amy did the laundry.
2. Subordinating conjunctions are used to transform

independent clauses into dependent clauses, thus,
making it less emphasized in the joined sentence.
e.g. Because she needed a long break, she went on a
trip to Paris for a month.
3. Conjunctions are also used to avoid redundancy.
e.g. Do you want to talk now? Do you want to talk
later?
>>>
Subordination examples:
Simultaneous actions: He looked at his bride as she
walked down the aisle.
The moment they arrived, I ordered pizza.
Sequential actions: I left for Chicago when she got
home.
After completing my masters degree, I took on a job
as compliance officer.
Reason: Now that the new hires are here, we can start
the training.
Since the team needed a new member, we started
interviewing applicants yesterday.
Condition: We cant go out unless the weather is good
tomorrow.
If our boss approves the proposal, we can start
working on the project right away.
Concession: Although Ive made my decision, I am
still considering my managers advice.
The conference will push through even if there are not
many attendees.
Purpose: Human Resources sent out a new memo so
that employees are reminded of the companys
important rules.
In order that we will achieve our goals, we cooperate
with each other.
Contrast: John likes to study, whereas his sister does
not.
Unreal comparison: We played in the park as if we
were little kids.

1. (C) but The conjunction but is used because it
joins two contrasting ideas.
2. (D) While The subordinating conjunction while is
used. It links two simultaneous actions.
3. (B) although The subordinating conjunction
although is used here to express concession.
4. (B) for The correct choice is the preposition for

used here to indicate how long.
Exercises B.
1. (C) while The subordinating conjunction while is
used. It links two simultaneous actions.
2. (D) development The correct choice is the noun
development. The use of the definite article the informs
our choice here.
Exercises C.
1. (D) on the contrary The prepositional phrase on
the contrary is used here to link two contrasting ideas.
2. (C) Shortly The adverb shortly, meaning soon
after, is the correct choice.
3. (A) nearly The adverb nearly, meaning almost,
is the correct choice to modify go bankrupt.
4. (D) approximately The adverb approximately,
meaning "about," is the correct choice to modify
broadcast.
1. (B) for This preposition expresses a duration of
time.
2. (A) whether This conjunction introduces alternate
choices (go to the meeting or not).
3. (C) about This preposition is used here to state
what is being discussed.
4. (D) between The preposition between is followed
by a noun and used to express the involvement of two
people.
5. (B) While The subordinating conjunction while is
used here to link two simultaneous actions.
6. (C) Now that This subordinating conjunction is
used to express reason.
7. (D) until This subordinating conjunction is used to
express sequential actions. In the 1950s, an effective
vaccine was found, but not before.
8. (B) with The preposition with is used here to
express the meaning having.
9. (C) unless This subordinating conjunction is used
here to express a condition.
10. (B) only The adverb only completes the
correlative conjunction not only . . . but also . . .
11. (A) because The conjunction because is used to
express reason.
12. (C) concerns The prepositional phrase because
of is followed by a noun. The correct choice here is
concerns, meaning worries. In this context, worries
about the environment are the cause of the increased
interest in green energy.
13. (A) in case The correct choice is the
subordinating conjunction in case, meaning if there is
a need.
14. (D) during The correct choice is the preposition
during, meaning throughout the duration of a period.
15. (B) whereas This conjunction is used to express
contrast.

1. (A) However This conjunction is used at the start
of a sentence to express the meaning but.
2. (A) deadlines The correct choice is the noun
deadlines. The context is about things which cause
stress, and deadlines are a common source of stress.
3. (C) lonely The adjective lonely is used here to
describe hobby.
4. (B) regret The noun regret completes the
commonly used phrase It is with great regret that . . .,
meaning I am very sorry that . . .
5. (A) during The correct choice is the preposition
during, meaning throughout the duration of a period.
6. (A) so The conjunction so is used with the
meaning of therefore, expressing reason.
9. Grammar Practice Modification

1. a/an vs. the
a. a/an is an indefinite article used before a
singular countable noun, to refer to one thing
but it is not specific, and to mention something
for the first time
e.g. a door; an apple; a report; an e-mail
I need to send an e-mail to Mr. Smith today.
I saw a woman in the stock room earlier.
Maybe shes the new employee.
b. the is a definite article used before singular or

plural countable and uncountable nouns we
use the to refer to specific things or people;
refer to something for the second time; before
collective nouns to refer to a group of people;
before names of seas, rivers, group of islands,
chains of mountains, deserts, regions, and a
few names of countries
e.g. The girl next door works as a model. (the
girl next door, not from any other place)
She used to have a cat and a dog at home.
The dog is now in a new home.
the government; the British; the army, the
management

1. (B) sociable The correct choice is the adjective
sociable which modifies the noun person.
2. (B) terribly The adverb terribly modifies the
adjective difficult to intensify the degree.
3. (B) the The correct choice is the definite article

the because it is referring to a specific book.
4. (D) in The correct choice is the preposition in. We
keep stock in a warehouse.
Exercises B.
1. (B) scheduled The correct choice is the past
participle scheduled used here as an adjective to
describe changes.
2. (C) immediately This adverb, meaning straight
away, modifies the adjective effective.
Exercises C.
1. (B) terminated The correct choice is the past
participle terminated, meaning stopped.
2. (D) return The correct choice is the verb return. It
completes the phrase return a (phone) call.
3. (A) probable The correct choice is the adjective
probable, meaning likely to be true. It modifies the
noun cause.
4. (C) stapled The correct choice is the verb
stapled, meaning to join together with small metal
strips.
1. (D) extremely well In this sentence, the verb
designed is modified by the adverb well which is
further modified by the adverb extremely to show
degree.
2. (C) an essential The correct choice is the
indefinite article an + the adjective essential. They
modify part, expressing that market research is just
one of several important parts.
3. (D) every This determiner is used to refer to all
members of a group of three or more, in this case the
days of the week.
4. (A) little The determiner little is used here to refer
to a small quantity and implies that it is insufficient.
5. (B) complete The correct choice is the adjective
complete, meaning whole.
6. (C) its The determiner its, meaning belonging
to, refers to the company.
7. (A) remit The correct choice is the verb remit,
meaning to send money.
8. (B) something The pronoun something is the
correct choice here to express an undetermined
quality.
9. (A) it is The correct choice is the 3rd person
singular pronoun it and the be-verb is.
10. (D) very The adverb very is used here to modify
the adjective well.
11. (B) really good The correct choice is the
adjective good, modified by the adverb really, which
adds emphasis.
12. (C) 7-year-old The correct answer is 7-year-old,
NOT 7-years-old because adjectives never agree with
the noun they modify.
13. (B) the most The correct choice is the

superlative form the most because more than two
things are being compared.
14. (D) contractually The correct choice is the
adverb contractually, which modifies the adjective
obligated.
15. (A) any The correct choice is the determiner
any. In this sentence, it modifies interest with a
negative meaning.
1. (A) other The determiner other is not used in the
plural when it is used with a noun.
2. (A) possible The correct choice is the adjective
possible, meaning able to be done or happen.
3. (B) distract The correct choice is the verb
distract, meaning to impede concentration.
4. (C) research The correct choice is the noun
research. It is the only logical choice in this context.
5. (D) likely In this sentence, the adjective likely is
modified by the determiner more.
6. (B) a few The determiner a few modifies the noun
years, meaning a small number.
Review Test 3
Part 5 (page 134)
1. (D) Each The correct choice is the determiner
each. It modifies the noun employee.
2. (B) that The correct choice is the relative pronoun
that. It is used because the antecedent is not a person.
3. (A) as though The correct choice is the
subordinating conjunction as though.
4. (A) whose The correct choice is the relative
possessive pronoun whose.
5. (A) initial The correct choice is the adjective
initial, meaning first or early.
6. (B) During The correct choice is the preposition
during.
7. (D) how The correct choice is the relative adverb
how, meaning the way that in this context.
8. (D) which The correct choice is the relative
pronoun which. Here it introduces the non-identifying
clause is a Portuguese-speaking country.
9. (D) among The correct choice is the preposition
among, meaning part of a group.
10. (B) 6-month The correct choice is the modifier
6-month because adjectives do not agree in number
with the noun they modify.
11. (C) Now that The correct choice is the
subordinating conjunction now that. It connects cause
and effect.
12. (C) unhappy The correct choice in this context is
the adjective unhappy.
13. (C) by The correct choice is the preposition by,
meaning before or no later than.
14. (D) equally The correct choice is the adverb
equally.
15. (C) when The correct choice is the relative

adverb when. It completes the expression the time . . .
when.
Part 6 (page 136)
16. (C) and The correct choice is the conjunction
and. It connects two similar ideas.
17. (A) who The correct choice is the relative
pronoun who because the antecedent is a person.
While that is also used for people in identifying
clauses, in this sentence, that is not used because we
are dealing with a non-identifying clause.
18. (B) highly The correct choice is the adverb
highly. Here it modifies the verb discourage.
19. (D) which The correct choice is the relative
pronoun which. It is used here to refer to a non-human
thing in a non-identifying clause.
20. (B) because of The correct choice is the
prepositional phrase because of. Because of is used
before a noun or pronoun.
21. (C) accordingly The correct choice is the adverb
accordingly. It modifies the past participle increased.
10.
Grammar Practice Pronouns

1. (B) none None is used to express the idea that
there is nothing. In this sentence, it expresses that
paper was not found.
2. (D) himself The correct choice is the reflexive
pronoun himself because he (the subject) is the person
who had to do the work.
3. (D) our The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun our because it refers to the office that belongs
to we and it is followed by a noun.
4. (B) That The demonstrative pronoun that is used
here to refer to something which is singular and distant
from the speaker. Because the speaker is talking
about bids, that is replacing bid in this sentence.
Exercises B.
1. (B) What What is used here in the function of
noun + relative pronoun. It is expresses the things
which.
2. (C) it In this sentence, the correct choice is the
personal pronoun it. Be worth it is an idiomatic
expression, meaning to be reasonable or to have
value.
Exercises C.
1. (B) Safety The correct choice is the noun safety.
It is used with regulations to form the compound
noun safety regulations.
2. (A) proceeds The correct choice is the noun
proceeds, meaning profits.
3. (D) considerable The correct choice is the
adjective considerable, meaning large or significant.
4. (B) conclusive The correct choice is the adjective

conclusive, meaning definitive or certain.
1. (B) hers The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun hers. It is needed here because it refers to a
program belonging to a woman, and because it is not
followed by a noun.
2. (A) Whoever The interrogative pronoun whoever
is used here to introduce a noun clause. It is also used
because it refers to an unidentified person.
3. (C) these The plural demonstrative pronoun
these agrees with the verb are and acts as the subject
to replace an unspecified non-human item on sale.
4. (D) none None is used to express the idea that
there is nothing. In this context, it expresses that there
were no complaints.
5. (C) Those The demonstrative pronoun those is
used in this sentence with the meaning all the
people.
6. (B) us The correct choice is the objective
pronoun us. It is the direct object of the sentence.
7. (D) herself The reflexive pronoun herself is used
to emphasize that it is the queen who did the visiting,
and not someone else.
8. (A) he The use of the possessive pronoun his
informs us that the owner is male, therefore he is the
correct choice.
9. (A) responsibility The correct choice is the noun
responsibility, meaning duty.
10. (C) what The correct choice is the relative
pronoun what. In this sentence, it expresses the things
which.
11. (D) this The correct choice is the singular
demonstrative pronoun this. It is used for things close
to the speaker. We can assume that the meeting is
going to take place soon, and that is why the speaker
is trying to avoid it.
12. (B) the others The others is used because there
are more than three people being referred to.
13. (A) the other The indefinite pronoun the other
expresses an additional, but unnamed, person and
agrees with believes. The writer is contrasting Mr.
Hodson's opinion with that of someone else.
14. (A) myself Because the subject is my greatest
achievement, the correct choice is the 1st person
singular reflexive pronoun myself.
15. (A) how The correct choice is the adverb how,
meaning in what way. The speaker is talking
about fixing something, so word to express a method
or means is needed.
1. (B) another The pronoun another, meaning one
more; an additional one, is the correct choice.
Because there is no article, another, NOT other is
needed here.
2. (A) appreciate The correct choice is the verb
appreciate. It is used when you are thanking someone
and want to show gratitude.
3. (C) whatever The correct choice is the

interrogative pronoun whatever. It expresses the idea
that what kind of wine Mary purchases is unimportant.
4. (D) themselves The correct choice is the reflexive
pronoun themselves because it refers to seniors and
their ability to perform their own personal care.
5. (A) isolation - The correct choice is the noun
isolation, meaning being alone.
6. (C) allocated The correct choice is the past
participle allocated, meaning set aside for a specific
use. It is commonly used when talking about
government funding.
11. Grammar Practice

Comparisons
1. (C) better The correct choice is better, the
comparative form of good. Two things are being
compared: the expectation and the reality.
2. (A) far Far is used to modify the comparative
form more. It is used for emphasis.
3. (C) quickest The correct choice is the superlative
form quickest. Three or more things are being
compared. Also the presence of the definite article the
indicates that a superlative is needed.
4. (B) most persuasive The correct choice is the
superlative form most persuasive. Three or more
things are being compared. Also the presence of the
definite article the indicates that a superlative is
needed.
Exercises B.
1. (A) recent The correct choice is the adjective
recent. No comparison is being made in this sentence,
and an adjective is needed to describe the noun
question.
2. (D) best The correct choice is the superlative
form best. Three or more things are being compared.
Also the presence of the definite article the indicates
that a superlative is needed.
Exercises C.
1. (C) request The correct choice is the noun
request. It completes the expression available upon
request which has the meaning of being able to be
obtained if you wish to ask for (them).
2. (C) effect The correct choice is the noun effect. It
completes the expression to take effect, meaning to
produce a result.
3. (B) Attention The correct choice is the noun
attention. It completes the expression to pay attention
(to something), meaning to watch or listen to
something carefully.
4. (B) balance The correct choice is the noun
balance. A bank balance is the amount of money in
ones bank account.

1. (B) more The correct choice is the comparative
form more. It compares two things: what everyone
thought was possible and the reality.
2. (D) aspect The correct choice is the noun aspect,
meaning one part of a situation.
3. (C) best The correct choice is the superlative
form best because three or more things are being
compared (all hotels).
4. (C) most qualified The correct choice is the
superlative most qualified because three people are
being compared. Also the presence of the definite
article the indicates that a superlative is needed. The
past participle qualified is used rather than the present
participle qualifying because the candidate is the
receiver, not the source. She is not the agent or cause
of the condition.
5. (B) far more The correct choice is the
comparative form more with the modifier far. The
things being compared here are: branches Sally visits
and branches that other people visit.
6. (A) as The correct choice here is the adverb as. It
completes the comparative form as + (modifier)
adjective + as.
7. (C) more than The correct choice is the
comparative form more than. Here it is used to
emphasize the degree of enthusiasm expressed by the
management: they were very enthusiastic.
8. (D) better The correct choice is the comparative
form better. The two things being compared are:
requesting estimates from several companies and
requesting an estimate from only one.
9. (A) best The correct choice is the superlative
form best. The outcome was the best of all possible
outcomes in the conditions given.
10. (B) larger The correct choice is the comparative
form larger. The two things being compared are: the
usual bonus and the bonus received.
11. (B) the least The correct choice is the
superlative form the least because three or more
things are being compared: Jerry and all the other staff
members.
12. (C) organized The correct choice is the
adjective organized, meaning arranging things
carefully in order.
13. (C) diligently The plain form of an adjective or
adverb fits between as . . . as. Because a verb is being
modified, an adverb is needed to complete the
sentence.
14. (D) as impressive The correct choice is as
impressive. It completes the adverb as + adjective +
as, used for comparison.
15. (A) most The correct choice is the superlative
form most. Three or more things are being compared.
Also the presence of the definite article the indicates
that a superlative is needed.
1. (C) enter The correct choice is the verb enter. In
business, it is common to talk about entering a market,
meaning to carry out business.
2. (C) as much progress The correct choice is the

comparative form as much progress which completes
the expression as + (modifier) + adjective + as.
3. (A) much The determiner much is used here to
modify the comparative form more to add emphasis.
4. (B) passengers The correct choice is the noun
passengers, meaning people travelling in a vehicle.
5. (D) strongly The correct choice is the adverb
strongly which is used here to modify the verb
recommend.
6. (A) more The correct choice is the adverb more
which modifies the adverb quickly.
12. Grammar Practice

Comparisons
1. Negation is when we say something is the opposite
of something positive or true. This can be done by
using negative words such as no, not, never, none,
nobody, etc.
2. Non-finite verbs are verbs that are not marked for
tense and cannot stand alone as the main verb in a
sentence.
e.g. I love swimming. (gerund)
We tried to make sushi yesterday. (to-infinitive)
We had roasted chicken for dinner. (-ed participle)
1. (A) hard enough The correct choice is adjective +
enough. Enough is always placed after an adjective.
2. (D) Having not In this sentence, the first clause (a
participial clause) is an explanation of the clause that
follows, so the -ing form having is used. Since the
subject of both clauses is the same, it is omitted in the
first. The first clause is an abbreviated form of He had
not finished the task. For this reason, having not is the
correct choice.
3. (D) nothing new Words ending in -thing come
before adjectival modifiers, making nothing new the
correct choice.
4. (B) not The correct choice is not. Not is placed
after the be-verb to make it negative.
Exercises B.
1. (B) Not turning The correct choice is not turning.
Not is placed before the non-finite verb turning.
2. (C) enough light Enough is placed before a noun,
making enough light the correct choice.
Exercises C.
1. (A) charges The correct choice is the noun
charges, meaning the price asked for something.
2. (B) policy The correct choice is the noun policy,
meaning an official set of plans or actions.
3. (A) cash The correct choice is the verb cash,
meaning to exchange for money.
4. (C) transfer The correct choice is the verb

transfer, meaning to move from one place to another.
1. (C) Not knowing The correct choice is not
knowing. Not is placed before the non-finite verb
knowing.
2. (A) not to call With an infinitive, the to-verb is
placed after the negative word.
3. (B) contribution The correct choice is the noun
contribution, meaning something done to benefit or
help make something successful.
4. (B) not to smoke Both a to-infinitive and an -ing
form can be used after the verb prefer. However, an
ing form is used when there are choices, e.g. I prefer
driving to walking. This sentence has the meaning of
Management doesnt want employees to smoke, so a
to-infinitive is the appropriate choice.
5. (A) not enough The negative word not is placed
before enough in the construction not + enough +
noun to express insufficiency.
6. (A) to go somewhere different The verb want is
followed by a to-infinitive while words ending in
-where come before adjectival modifiers, making to go
somewhere different the correct choice.
7. (A) could hardly Although the overall meaning of
the sentence is negative, a negative word is never
used with the adverb hardly.
8. (D) not driving Not is placed before the non-finite
verb driving.
9. (B) no The negative word no is used as an
adjective, and is placed before a noun.
10. (D) I needed The correct choice is I needed. In
this indirect question, the subject and verb are not
inverted.
11. (C) do you find With the negative adverb rarely,
the subject comes after the auxiliary verb.
12. (B) not taking The correct choice is not taking.
Not is placed before the non-finite verb taking.
13. (C) hardly afford The adverb hardly is not used
with a negative word and is placed before the verb.
14. (D) no longer No longer is the correct choice. It
has the meaning of not anymore. No longer is usually
placed before a verb.
15. (A) not ready yet Not is placed after the be-verb
to make it negative. Yet is used to say that something
which is expected has not happened (but will) and is
placed at the end of a clause.
1. (C) issuing The correct choice is issuing,
meaning to provide or produce.
2. (D) enough The correct choice is the adjective
enough, meaning sufficient.
3. (A) cannot The correct choice is cannot, the
negative form of the modal verb can.
4. (B) Not knowing The correct choice is not
knowing. Not is placed before the non-finite verb
knowing.
5. (C) any The negative word any is not used with

another negative word. When using any, we avoid
double negatives.
6. (A) opportunity The correct choice is the noun
opportunity, meaning chance or occasion.
Review Test 4
Part 5 (page 156)
1. (D) easier The correct choice is the comparative
form easier because two things are being compared.
2. (A) those The correct choice is the plural
demonstrative pronoun those. Here it replaces the
noun people.
3. (C) whichever The correct choice is the
interrogative pronoun whichever.
4. (D) long With the comparative expression as . . .
as, the plain form of the adjective is used.
5. (B) one The correct choice is the indefinite
pronoun, one. A replacement suggests that just one
item is needed.
6. (A) something different The special word ending
-thing is used before its adjectival modifier, making
something different the correct choice.
7. (D) enough The determiner enough is placed
before a noun. In this context, it is used in the negative
construction not have enough inventory, expressing, in
this context, that there are inadequate supplies.
8. (A) Rarely does When the sentence begins with a
negative word as in this case, the subject and verb are
inverted.
9. (B) far The adverb far is used to modify the
comparative adjective higher.
10. (C) best The correct choice is the comparative
adverb best.
11. (C) no The negative word no is used as an
adjective and placed before the noun.
12. (C) the most The correct choice is the
superlative form the most because more than two
things are being compared.
13. (C) more than qualified enough This question
tests word order with enough. It comes after
adjectives.
14. (B) any The determiner any is used for negative
meanings.
15. (A) tallest The correct choice is the superlative
adjective tallest because more than two things are
being compared.
Part 6 (page 158)

16. (D) has the world After the negative word never,
the subject and verb are inverted.
17. (B) some The pronoun some is used to express
a positive meaning. In this sentence, it substitutes for
some people.
18. (C) as well as In this sentence, the verb perform
is being modified. Since a verb is modified by an
adverb, than and more than are not suitable choices.
Better and well are both adverbs. However, better
cannot be used here without than. Therefore, as well
as is the correct choice.
19. (A) than Than is needed in this sentence to
complete the comparative construction more of an
increase than.
20. (D) not to fail The negative word not is needed
before the non-finite verb to fail.
21. (D) Whoever The correct choice is the
interrogative pronoun whoever because the person is
not specified.
Chapter 3 Reading Practice

Part 7 Reading Comprehension
Tips
Pay attention to the introduction. It will tell
you the number of questions and a hint about
the information in the passage.
As you read the passage, ask yourself, Who is
it for? Why was it written?
First, glance quickly through the passage, and
read the questions. Then, go back to the
passage, and try to look for the answers to
the questions.
Tricks
Many answers use information that appears
in the passage. However, they may not
directly answer the question.
Watch out for similar sounding words,
confusing numbers, wrong word forms, and
words with similar meanings.
Dont be confused by questions that follow
these formats:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned
in the reading?
The text refers to all of the following
EXCEPT
A. Emails and Letters (page 166)

1. (B) To apologize for a delay in processing
2. (D) By expediting his shipment for free
3. (B) To inquire about a place for rent
4. (C) Outside of town
5. (A) He withdrew too much money from it.
6. (D) He owes money to the bank.
7. (A) Signing up for a special program
8. (C) She wants to find a new company for office
supplies.
9. (B) They did not always have enough products.
10. (A) Mr. Jones will call to set up a meeting.
11. (D) A marketing campaign idea
12. (D) To cut advertising costs
13. (D) It was considered too modern.
14. (C) The board of directors
15. (A) The video will not be made by Mitchell.
16. (A) To rearrange an appointment
17. (C) A last-minute assignment
18. (B) He is sympathetic.
19. (D) Thursday or Friday
20. (D) They will both have enough time then.
21. (C) The agenda for a meeting
22. (D) The topics on the agenda are not clear.
23. (C) He is not sure which campaign he needs to
speak on.
24. (B) He has only just begun his project.
25. (C) Information on the agenda is inaccurate.
B. Advertisements (page 176)

1. (B) Receive 50% off a second item
2. (A) Watercolors
3. (D) From low- to high-end
4. (D) You will receive a refund.
5. (D) Interacting with and supporting people
6. (A) Strong people skills
7. (B) A cover letter and rsum with desired salary
8. (A) Between 6:30 a.m. and 8:30 a.m.
9. (A) Designer furniture
10. (D) Parking
11. (C) Supporting the payroll department
12. (C) A professionally recognized certificate
13. (A) On a website
14. (B) A diploma in accounting
15. (D) She is inexperienced.
16. (C) Many games are available.
17. (C) Free unlimited service with conditions
18. (B) It is too advanced to work well.
19. (A) Many were lost due to incompatibility.
20. (D) The screen was clear.
21. (A) 2
22. (C) August 1st
23. (B) By emailing the theater
24. (A) She coordinates social events.
25. (D) To inquire about group rates
C.
Office Memos and Notices (page 186)
1. (C) To remind staff to follow procedures

2. (A) Keep all receipts if they want reimbursement
3. (B) A colleagues demands are unreasonable.
4. (D) To talk to their colleague
5. (C) The airport is being remodeled.
6. (B) There is a limit to the amount of liquid you can
carry on.
7. (A) Your identity may be checked at any time.
8. (B) To explain the new green initiatives
9. (A) To encourage more recycling
10. (C) To produce no garbage
11. (B) A surprise safety inspection
12. (D) Keep their stations neat and tidy
13. (B) Return them to the supply room immediately
14. (B) Decreased productivity
15. (C) By temporarily lowering productivity quotas
16. (C) To raise money for research
17. (D) Free to participants
18. (D) $65

19. (C) You have to forfeit your entrance fee.
20. (A) Your race number
D. Articles and Reports (page 194)

1. (A) Many new jobs were created last month.
2. (C) Many people are still unemployed.
3. (C) To more easily compare them with other
companies
4. (A) To decide on the investment potential
5. (D) In Central Africa
6. (A) Cutting down of the forest for lumber
7. (B) Because of human activity
8. (D) It is cheaper than a regular sale.
9. (D) A bank
10. (B) The buyer must pay the full price immediately.
11. (C) A series of science fiction books
12. (A) It was far too long and uninteresting.
13. (C) She felt the criticism was too harsh.
14. (C) She did not enjoy it as much as the other
books.
15. (D) That the critic should learn to relax more
16. (A) The latest technological advances in gadgets
17. (D) More than 2,000
18. (D) In Las Vegas
19. (B) They are rivals in the high-tech industry.
20. (C) Their market share has been declining.
E. Information (page 202)

1. (C) $11.90
2. (B) Fruit
3. (C) Wednesday
4. (C) It will feel hotter than Monday.
5. (B) 12 hours before your flight
6. (C) Leave your bags at a specified area
7. (B) You may lose your reservation otherwise.
8. (C) You can exchange any item for something else.
9. (D) The original receipt
10. (A) By mail or in person
11. (C) Amusement park rides
12. (C) In the Arco Dome
13. (D) September 6th
14. (C) $52.50
15. (B) The finale parade
F. Forms (page 208)

1. (D) Giving away clothes
2. (A) Spaghetti and meat sauce
3. (C) An office supply store
4. (D) About a month
5. (D) A. Simpson
6. (B) To apologize for a disconnected call
7. (C) Starting a project together
8. (C) TV and Internet service
9. (A) The customer overpaid on the previous bill.
10. (A) -$26.39
11. (C) From St. John to Puerto Rico
12. (D) Mostly overnight
13. (B) From the daily newsletter
14. (D) The levels where the staff work
15. (C) You will have to arrange to reach the next
destination yourself.
Chapter 4 Practice Test

Part 1 Picture Description (page 216)
1. (C) A woman is making a presentation.
2. (B) They are having a conversation.
3. (D) The man is adjusting the wires.
4. (A) A woman is making a purchase.
5. (D) The cars are parked at angles.
6. (C) The people are in a gallery.
7. (D) The man is mowing his lawn.
8. (A) The shelves are loaded with goods.
9. (B) The taxi cabs are lined up along the road.
10. (A) The airplane is parked at the terminal gate.
Part 2 Questions and Responses (page 222)

11. (B) Jane is in charge of office supplies.
12. (A) Its coming along nicely.
13. (B) Yes, I wanted to discuss the merger.
14. (C) No, I havent had time.
15. (B) Wherever, it doesnt matter.
16. (A) Press the button that says sort.
17. (B) Id prefer not to be in charge on this one.
18. (B) No, but Ive heard its really well done.
19. (C) We get four weeks per year at our company.
20. (A) No, check the schedule on the board.
21. (A) Of course, how many people are in your party?
22. (C) Im taking them on a tour of the city.
23. (B) We did well, exceeding $25 million in profits.
24. (A) Ill send it out with the other mail.
25. (B) But we still have so much left to do.
26. (B) Everyone is in the break room.
27. (A) Tap water is just fine for me.
28. (A) I only have one more page to read.
29. (C) Its a 10-week intensive course.
30. (B) No, the technician fixed it already.
31. (B) Im sorry, I didnt realize that.
32. (A) Not very well, unfortunately.
33. (B) The flight attendant said number 17A.
34. (C) Not until late next month.
35. (B) Then well have to cancel the picnic.
36. (B) No, I had Chinese last night.
37. (B) We use a popular job search website.
38. (A) No, I have a 5-hour layover.
39. (C) Youll have to ask accounting about that.
40. (A) yes, I always make sure to be fully insured.
Part 3 Short Conversations (page 223)

41. (B) A pair of pants
42. (A) A sales clerk
th
43. (C) Ask someone on the 7 floor for assistance
44. (D) Take his children to a movie
45. (C) She is calm.
46. (B) Go to a computer class
47. (D) The mayor
48. (C) They need to repair machinery.
49. (D) Until the end of the year.
50. (C) 30 minutes
51. (D) Never
52. (C) To catch a meeting
53. (B) Lock the front door
54. (D) His new shoes are comfortable.
55. (B) They were too tight.
56. (B) The yearly staff picnic
57. (C) It rained all day.
58. (B) The weather should be fine.
59. (A) The problem will be too expensive to fix.
60. (B) Two parts need to be replaced.

61. (D) Many people use the copier.
62. (A) A coworker
63. (A) She thought it was great.
64. (C) It was poor value and quality.
65. (B) To City Hall
66. (B) Twice every hour
67. (D) Take a taxi
68. (A) A change in schedule
69. (C) Thursday
70. (A) He is the head of marketing.
Part 4 Short Talks (page 226)

71. (C) Exploding gas canisters
72. (A) $75 million
73. (D) It is still too soon to say.
74. (A) At a department store
75. (A) Dresses
76. (B) One
77. (C) Because of extreme weather
78. (D) Connect to the company network at home
79. (B) Two days
80. (C) It has a lot nutrition for its weight.
81. (D) As a liquid or solid supplement
82. (C) Buy a 2-month supply
83. (B) A travel agency
84. (C) Press 3
85. (A) No one is free to take the call.
86. (D) Overcoming difficulties
87. (A) He was hurt in a skateboarding accident.
88. (D) All kinds of people
89. (C) Wednesday and Thursday afternoons
90. (B) If meetings run overtime
91. (B) Before the weekend
92. (B) To reschedule a meeting
93. (A) Head of research and development
94. (A) As soon as he can
95. (C) Go to the ticket gate
96. (D) In the cargo area
97. (A) 15 minutes before departure
98. (D) A local bakery
99. (C) $75
100. (A) Orders to be delivered nearby
Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 229)

101. (B) by The preposition by is used to express no
later than a particular time or date.
102. (A) most The correct choice is the determiner
most, which modifies the countable noun households.
Its meaning here is the majority of.
103. (B) a lot The correct choice is the modifier a lot,
which modifies the comparative form more.
104. (B) insists The correct choice is the simple
rd
present, 3 person singular of the verb insist.
105. (D) much The correct choice is the adverb
much. Here it modifies the comparative adjective
harder.
106. (D) was fixing The correct choice, was fixing is
used because it expresses an action in progress at a
specific moment in the past (when she arrived at the
office).
107. (B) before The correct choice is the conjunction
before, which refers to an earlier period of time in the
past. It expresses how much time passes between the
Joneses leaving and the speakers leaving.
108. (C) profits The correct choice is the noun form

profits
109. (A) Seen The correct choice is the past
participle seen. When the object of the original verb
serves as the subject of the main clause, the past
participle is used.
110. (D) easily The correct choice is the adverb
easily. It modifies the verb solve.
111. (A) different The correct choice is this context is
the adjective different. Because the sentence is talking
about contrast in two items that initially seem to be
similar, it is the only logical choice.
112. (B) nor The correct choice is the conjunction
nor, which is commonly paired with neither.
113. (B) until The correct choice is until which
expresses something happening up to a particular
point, and then stopping. He stayed on the platform for
as long as the train was visible.
114. (D) seldom The correct choice is the adverb
seldom, meaning rarely or not often.
115. (C) was seen The correct choice is the simple
past form of the passive voice. The action occurred in
the past, but we do not know the agent of the verb (the
person/people who watched the security camera).
116. (D) information The correct choice is the noun
information.
117. (A) yet The correct choice is the conjunction
yet, linking two contrasting ideas.
118. (C) in person The correct choice is the
prepositional phrase in person, meaning directly;
without involving anyone else.
119. (C) respectable The correct choice is this
context is the adjective respectable, meaning of good
moral standards.
120. (B) has The correct choice is the verb form has
which agrees with the determiner + noun (each +
machine).
121. (B) were damaged The correct choice is the
simple past passive. The action occurred in the past,
and the agent was the windstorm.
122. (B) not to fail The correct choice is not to fail
where the negative word not is placed before the nonfinite verb fail.
123. (A) Since The correct choice is the conjunction
since, meaning because.
124. (A) deadline The correct choice is deadline,
meaning a date by which something must be done.
125. (A) will be The correct choice is the simple
future form will be to talk about something that will
happen in the future.
126. (C) fixing The correct choice is the ing form
fixing which is used with the verb need.
127. (C) each other The correct choice is the
pronoun each other, which is used to show that each
person does something to the other.
128. (C) glance The correct choice is the noun
glance, meaning a quick look.
129. (A) disappeared The correct choice is the
simple past form disappeared. The verb disappear
cannot be used in the passive voice.
130. (B) going The correct choice is going because
an ing form is used after the verb consider.
131. (A) with The correct choice is the preposition

with. It completes the expression be disappointed with.
132. (D) where The correct choice is the relative
adverb where (the place at which) referring to location.
133. (A) who The correct choice is the relative
pronoun who, identifying the noun bosses.
134. (D) locally The correct choice is the adverb
locally which modifies the past participle made.
135. (B) standing The correct choice is the present
participle standing. It is used here instead of a relative
pronoun and full verb (the man who is standing).
136. (C) Doing In this sentence, the first clause is an
explanation of the main clause (we learned). For
this reason, an ing form is used.
137. (A) variations The correct choice in this context
is the noun variations, meaning the existence of
differences.
138. (C) converse The correct choice in this context
is the verb converse.
139. (D) did I lose In this clause beginning not only,
the subject and verb are inverted.
140. (C) steadily The correct choice is the adverb
steadily. It modifies the verb increase in this sentence.
Part 6 Text Completion (page 234)

141. (B) for The correct choice is the preposition for
to complete the expression be inappropriate for.
142. (A) suitable The correct choice is suitable,
meaning appropriate.
143. (B) will continue The correct choice is the
simple future for a situation which is expected to occur
in the future.
144. (C) during The correct choice is the preposition
during, meaning throughout a period of time.
145. (D) All The correct choice is the determiner all,
which here modifies the plural noun residents.
146. (D) To claim In this sentence, the to-infinitive to
claim is used to show purpose.
147. (B) instead of The correct choice is the
prepositional phrase instead of, reflecting a change in
date.
148. (C) best The correct choice is the superlative
form best, describing the optimal of several
possibilities that have been compared.
149. (C) inform The correct choice in this context is
inform, meaning to tell someone something officially.
150. (D) our The correct choice is the possessive
pronoun our because the subject is we.
151. (B) not The correct choice is the negative word
not which follows the be-verb.
152. (B) much The correct choice is the determiner
much, which modifies the comparative adjective better.
Part 7 Reading Comprehension (page 238)

153. (C) A pet food supplier
154. (B) The loading area
155. (C) Take another company to court
156. (B) He needs money.
157. (A) It needs brand new tires.
158. (C) Thursday morning
159. (C) Denver
160. (D) To explain a situation

th
161. (C) August 16
162. (C) Friday
163. (A) According to customer preferences
164. (D) Midnight
165. (B) Information about stock
166. (C) Write an email
167. (B) Their products are very attractive.
168. (C) Ladybug bowls
169. (C) To promote a cruise
170. (D) Additional taxes
171. (C) By telephoning an agent
172. (D) For one week
173. (B) In the library
174. (C) Speakers at the next meeting
175. (C) People wanting to speak at the meeting
176. (C) It will not be closed this winter.
177. (B) Find out more about the seller.
178. (B) In case there are disputes
179. (C) Wide variety of goods
180. (C) A customer watchdog
181. (A) Their vacation plans
182. (B) To introduce a marketing contest
183. (D) Because it is fun and energetic
184. (C) They worry about medical care.
185. (B) Travel agents
186. (C) Seven days
187. (D) It is inaccurate.
188. (B) The band feels the paper treats it unfairly.
189. (B) To complain about the article
190. (B) Trustworthy and reliable
191. (C) It is a large market.
192. (D) It increased less than beef.
193. (D) Wine
194. (B) Climate troubles
195. (C) People want more unusual wines.
196. (C) Two companies were merged.
197. (B) To introduce a new policy about paper
th
198. (D) On the 4 floor
199. (C) By keeping detailed records
200. (B) Some extra money

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Chapter 1 Listening Practice

Part 1 Picture Description

C. Restaurants and Stores

D. Other Public Places

Mini-test (page 18)

B. Workplace (Page 23)

C. Restaurants and Stores (page 28)

D. Other Public Places (page 33)

13. (C) The man is taking a book from the shelf.

Part 2 Questions and Responses

Theme Notes (page 38)

Why do you need to go to New York?

When are you going to Australia?

How do you feel about our president?

Questions with No Interrogative (page 38)

Indirect questions (for TOEIC)

e.g. How about making the payment online?

others?" [=what should we do about the others?][

Mini-test (page 40)

c. Should/Shouldnt? (just refer to the textbook)

Part 2 Questions and Responses

B. Questions with No Interrogative

C. Other Types of Questions

B. Questions with No Interrogative

C. Other Types of Questions (page 41)

Part 3 Short Conversations

D. Daily Life (page 51)

12. (B) Take a vacation after the conference

Part 4 Short Talks

D. Advertisements (page 62)

1. Grammar Practice Parts of

1. John is the executive vice president. (subject

indicates that the delivery time is important.

Part 5 Mini-test (page 74)

8. (B) regular The correct choice is the adjective

15. (C) quiet The adjective quiet is needed in this

5. (B) donate The correct choice is the simple

2. Grammar Practice Tenses

clause; but also used with as soon as, the moment,

2. (C) assistance The correct choice is the noun

Part 5 Mini-test (page 80)

12. (A) presentation The correct choice is the noun

Part 6 Mini-test (page 82)

3. Grammar Practice Voice

3. I saw the janitor cleaning for hours.

Exercises A. (page 85)

Part 5 Mini-test (page 86)

verbs like hear are followed by a to-infinitive for

Part 6 Mini-test (page 88)

4. (B) are needed The correct choice is the simple

the same time as another in the past. The speaker

Part 6 (page 92)

4. Grammar Practice Agreement

Exercises A. (page 95)

Part 5 Mini-test (page 96)

6. (B) departments In the context of a company, the

5. Grammar Practice Infinitives

4. (B) succeeded The correct choice is succeeded,

6. (B) to create An infinitive of purpose to create is

Part 5 Mini-test (page 102)

6. Grammar Practice Participles

1. (B) being The verb enjoy is followed by a gerund.

Part 6 Mini-test (page 104)