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Leading-Edge Interactions
or Viscous Interactions
Consider a flat plate in a hypersonic stream
Shock Wave
M >> 1
Boundary Layer
Displacement, *
Leading-Edge Interactions
or Viscous Interactions
CFD solutions:
M = 6, Re = 284,000 based on plate length
Adiabatic Wall
Viscous Interactions
Use approximate variation of pressure with flow
turning angle to derive variation of displacement
thickness with M and Re
Adiabatic Wall
Cold Wall
Strong
Weak
Viscous Interactions
Comparison of theory with CFD:
Adiabatic Wall
Cold Wall
Viscous Interactions
Comparison of theory with CFD:
Adiabatic Wall
Cold Wall
Viscous Interactions:
Vehicle Scaling
Aerodynamic coefficients scale differently:
Viscous Interactions:
Vehicle Scaling
Shock-Shock Interactions
Edney classified shock interactions into 6 types:
Shock-Shock Interactions:
Example
Shock-Shock Interactions:
Example
Huge increase in surface pressure and heat flux
Note compression of BL
Shock-Shock Interactions
Huge localized pressure and heating augmentation
Jet compresses boundary layer
In reality, jet is unsteady
Augmentation for turbulent flow, reacting gas is
difficult (impossible) to compute.
Strength decreases with cylinder sweep
Limited experiments in this area: Berry and Nowak
S-SI must be avoided or designed around
Bow shock wing-leading edge interaction
Shock-Boundary Layer
Interactions
Shock impinges on a boundary layer
Compression of BL
Separation
Shock-Boundary Layer
Interactions
CFD of a 2-D Laminar Mach 6 SW-BL Interaction
Shock-Boundary Layer
Interactions
SBLI also cause high localized pressure & heating
SBLI also occur on compression corners:
If laminar, separation is large; shear layer
transitions at all but lowest Re
Turbulent separation is much smaller, unsteady?
Tend to be a much larger issue inside engines
Difficult (impossible) to accurately compute high
Mach number turbulent interactions