Modeling the THYNE5/THYNE6 Excitation System for Cerro del Águila HPP

R01
R00
Chan
nge according CdAPE-AGM-AD
C
DZ-C-077-16
First
F
issue
18.03.2016
07.05.2015
EGR
R
EGR
R
MIT
MIT
MIT
MIT
MIT
M
M
MIT
Rev.
Index
Modificacin
Modification
M
Fe
echa
Date
D
Dibujj
Prep. by
Revis
Checked
Revis
Checked
Aprrob
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ppr.
OWN
NER:
Referencia Cliente / Customer Reference
Este documento es propriedad de ANDRITZ HYDRO GmbH, Eibesbrunnergasse 20, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
p
Respectar
la nota de p
proteccin ISO 16016
STAM
MP RESER
RVED SP
PACE
CON
NTRACT:
TURN
NKEY ENG
GINEERING
G , PROCUREMENT
T AND CO
ONSTRUCT
TION
CONTRACT FO
OR THE C
CERRO DE
EL AGUILA
A HYDRO P
POWER PLAN
P
CON
NTRACTOR:
Lista de Pieezas / Partslist

Dimensin / Dimension
Grupo / Grooup
Excitattion Systtem
THYNE
E5/THYN
NE6
Mo
odel for Power System
S
S
Stability Studies
S
HAV
Dib/Drawn
Rev/Check
Rev/Check
Apr/Appr
Fech/Date
05.05.2015
07.05.2015
07.05.2015
07.05.2015
Nom/Name
EGR
MIT
MIT
MIT
Cliente/Client
Cerro del guila S.A
Proyecto/Plant
Cerro del guila HPP
Pe
edido/Project N
H110.002217
Co
ontrato/Contract N
N
File/Date
07.05.2015
Interno N / Internal N
WA N
Class N
Tipo / Tyype
Escala / Scale
Peso / Weight (kg)
Material
Similar/S
Similar
Remplazza/Replace
=
+
Dibujo N / Drawing N
Rev/Index
Hoja / Sht 1
PE-A
ADZ-7E0501
10104-MDC--948
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Respectar la nota de proteccin ISO 16016
CONTENT
1
2
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 4
SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS ...................................................................................... 5
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection .........................................................................................................5

THYNE5/THYNE6 Static Excitation System ...............................................................................................................7
Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part ....................................................................................................................7
Power System Stabilizer .........................................................................................................................................11
Instantaneous Field Current Limiter ......................................................................................................................13
Under Excitation Limiter ........................................................................................................................................14
Thermal Limiter ......................................................................................................................................................15
STANDARD MODELS................................................................................................................. 17
3.1
Standard Model IEEE 421.5 ST8C ...........................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 19
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Disclaimer
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INTRODUCTION
This document provides the mathematical models of the THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system for
power system stability studies together with the required system parameters of the generator,
transformer and grid as well as the excitation (power part and controller).
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SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS
2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection
The synchronous generator model for power system stability studies is typically a sub transient
model of a salient pole machine (hydro units) or round rotor machine (thermal units). The
corresponding model parameters are summarized in Table 1 with typical values for hydro and
thermal units, see [2].
Symbol
Parameter name
Unit
Sr
Rated apparent power
201.35
MVA
Ur
Rated terminal voltage
13.8
kV
cos(phi)
Power factor
0.85
fr
Grid frequency
wr
Rated speed
Xd
d-axis synchronous reactance
1.044
p.u.
Xd
d-axis transient reactance
0.352
p.u.
Xd
d-axis sub transient reactance
0.261
p.u.
Xq
q-axis synchronous reactance
0.724
p.u.
Xq
q-axis transient reactance
p.u.
Xq
q-axis sub transient reactance
0.228
p.u.
Xl
Stator leakage reactance
0.13
p.u.
Ra
Stator resistance
Td0
d-axis transient open circuit time constant
8.64
Td0
d-axis sub transient open circuit time constant
0.107
Tq0
q-axis transient open circuit time constant
Tq0
q-axis sub transient open circuit time constant
Overall inertia of turbine and generator
4.35
IE,r
Excitation current at rated load
1575
VE,r
Excitation voltage at rated load
270.2
IE,ag
Excitation current at no-load air-gap
756
60
Hz
rpm
Table 1: Synchronous generator data.

For the step-up transformer the required parameters are summarized in Table 2.
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Symbol
Parameter name
Value
Unit
Sr
Rated apparent power
MVA
Ur1
Rated primary voltage
kV
Ur2
Rated secondary voltage
Xt
Short circuit voltage
Rt
Copper losses
13.8
kV
0.12*)
p.u.
p.u.
Table 2: Step-up transformer data.

In the simplest case for power system studies a single machine/infinite bus model assumed.
Therefore, typically the minimum and maximum short circuit power is defined at the grid connection
point, see Table 3.
Symbol
Parameter name
Value
Unit
Skmin
Minimum short circuit power
MVA
Skmax
Maximum short circuit power
MVA
Table 3: Grid connection data.

Figure 1 shows the model structure of a single machine / infinite bus configuration with a static
excitation system in shunt field connection.
Figure 1: Model structure.
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2.2 THYNE5/THYNE6 Static Excitation System

2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part
Figure 2 shows the mathematical model of the THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system (AVR + power
part) in shunt field connection. A list of the corresponding input, output and internal signals is given
in Table 4 and a list of all system parameters is provided in Table 5 and Table 6.
Symbol
Signal name
Unit
VT
Terminal voltage magnitude
p.u.
IT
Terminal current magnitude
p.u.
IP
Terminal current active component
p.u.
IQ
Terminal current reactive component
p.u.
Active power
p.u.
Speed
p.u.
Load angle
deg
VC
Compensation voltage
p.u.
VCF
Filtered compensation voltage
p.u.
IE
Excitation current
p.u.
VE
Excitation voltage
p.u.
IEF
Filtered excitation current
p.u.
VREF
Reference voltage (set-point)
p.u.
IE,REF
Reference excitation current (set-point)
p.u.
VS
PSS output
p.u.
VUEL
Under excitation limiter output
p.u.
VTHL
Thermal limiter output
p.u.
VOEL
Over excitation limiter output
p.u.
Table 4: Excitation model signals.
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Figure 2: THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system model.

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Symbol
Parameter name
Value
VTH
Thyristor voltage
KE
Amplification of rectifier
KT
Amplification of excitation transformer KT = VTH / VE,r
2.03
KN
Re-normalization factor KN = IE,r / IE,ag
2.08
TE
Time constant rectifier
Unit
550
1.35 1)
0.003
Table 5: Power part model parameters.

1)
For a 3-phase thyristor bridge.
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Symbol
Parameter name
Value
Unit
Active power compensation (droop) factor
p.u.
Reactive power compensation (droop) factor
p.u.
TFU
Time const. voltage transducer
VPU
Proportional gain, voltage controller
TNU
Integrator time constant, voltage controller
KDU
Differential gain, voltage controller
p.u.
TDU
Differential filter time constant, voltage controller
VPUmin
Min. input limit, voltage controller
-2.0
p.u.
VPUmax
Max. input limit, voltage controller
2.0
p.u.
VTUmin
Min. integrator limit, voltage controller
IE - 0.33
p.u.
VTUmax
Max. integrator limit, voltage controller
IE +0.33
p.u.
VOUmin
Min. output limit, voltage controller
IE - 0.33
p.u.
VOUmax
Max. output limit, voltage controller
IE +0.33
p.u.
TFI
Time const. field current transducer
0.005
VPI
Proportional gain, current controller
p.u.
TNI
Integrator time constant, current controller
VPImin
-16.0
p.u.
VPImax
16.0
p.u.
VTImin
-0.8660
p.u.
VTImax
0.9962
p.u.
VOImin
-0.8660
p.u.
VOImax
0.9962
p.u.
0.01
5
0.7
s
p.u.
s
Table 6: AVR model parameters.
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2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer
The power system stabilizer is a PSS2A/B type according to IEEE 421.5 as shown in Figure 3. The
corresponding parameters are listed in Table 7.
Figure 3: Power system stabilizer block diagram.
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Symbol
Parameter name
Value
Unit
TW1
Wash out time constant 1
TW2
TW3
TW4
T6
Low pass filter time constant 6
T7
Low pass filter time constant 7
KS2
Proportional gain 2
0.64
KS3
Proportional gain 3
T8
Ramp tracking filter time constant of numerator
0.5
T9
Ramp tracking filter time constant of denominator
0.1
Ramp tracking filter exponent of denominator
Ramp tracking filter exponent of numerator
T1
Lead lag 1 time constant of numerator
0.13
T2
Lead lag 1 time constant of denominator
0.04
T3
0.15
T4
0.04
T10
0.14
T11
0.04
SAB
Switch: 0 PSS2A / 1 PSS2B
KS1
Proportional gain 1
VSmin
Min. PSS output limit
-0.05
p.u.
VSmax
Max. PSS output limit
0.05
p.u.
Table 7: Power system stabilizer parameters.
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2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter

The instantaneous field current limiter as shown in Figure 4 consists of two parallel PI
controllers with anti-wind-up integrators. The corresponding parameters can be found in
Table 8.
VFCLmin
IEmin
1
sTI,FCLmin
+
+
IE
0
VFCL
KP,FCLmin
0
IEmax +
1
sTI,FCLmax
+
+
IE
VFCLmax
KP,FCLmax
Figure 4: Instantaneous field current limiter block diagram.

Symbol
Parameter name
Value
Unit
IEmin
Lower field current limit
KP,FCLmin
Proportional gain of minimum regulator
TI,FCLmin
Integrator time constant of minimum regulator
VFCLmin
Output limit of minimum regulator
p.u.
IEmax
Upper field current limit
p.u.
KP,FCLmax
Proportional gain of maximum regulator
TI,FCLmax
Integrator time constant of maximum regulator
VFCLmax
Output limit of maximum regulator
p.u.
s
p.u.
Table 8: Instantaneous field current limiter parameters.
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2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter
The structure of the under excitation limiter is shown in Figure 5. Is comprises a differential
and a PI controller with separate limits. The corresponding parameters can be found in
Table 9.
Figure 5: Under excitation limiter block diagram.

Symbol
Parameter name
Value
D,LIM
Differential rotor angle limit
KDUEL
Differential gain
TDUEL
Filter time constant of differentiator
VD,UELmax
Output limit of differentiator
LIM
Rotor angle limit
KPUEL
Proportional gain
TIUEL
Integrator time constant
VUELmax
Output limit
Unit
p.u.
s
1.0
p.u.
p.u.
s
2.0
p.u.
Table 9: Under excitation limiter parameters.
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2.2.5 Thermal Limiter

The block diagram of the thermal limiter is illustrated in Figure 6. Two separate time
constants for the delayed signals of the stator current and field current as well as the
hysteresis can be chosen. The controller is an integrator with two different time constants,
i.e. TI1 for raising or lowering if the limiter becomes active and TI2 for resetting the limiter.
The corresponding parameters can be found in Table 10.
ITd
IT
1
1+sT1
ITd > ITmax
ITd < ITmax - ITzone
IT > ITmax
A
&
IT < ITmax - ITzone
IQ
IQ > IQmax
1
TI1
fRAISE
fLOWER
If A=1: S=A
If B=1: S=B
If C=1: S=C
If D=1: S=D
ELSE: S=E
VTHLmax
TI1
A
IQ < IQmin
IEd
IE
1
1+sT2
fRESETP
TI2
&
VTHLmin
IEd > IEmax
S
OR
IEd < IEmax - IEzome
1
TI2
fRESETN
&
IE > IEmax
f0
IE < IEmax - IEzone

&
VTHL > 0
VTHL < 0
&
If C=1: VTHLmax=0
If D=1: VTHLmax=1
ELSE: VTHLmax=1
If C=1: VTHLmin=-1
If D=1: VTHLmin= 0
ELSE: VTHLmin=-1
Figure 6: Thermal limiter block diagram.
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Symbol
Parameter name
Value
Unit
T1
Time constant for delayed stator current
ITmax
Limit for stator current
p.u.
ITzone
Hysteresis for stator current
p.u.
IQmin
Lower limit for reactive current
p.u.
IQmax
Upper limit for reactive current
p.u.
T2
Time constant for delayed field current
IEmax
Limit for field current
p.u.
IEzone
Hysteresis for field current
p.u.
TI1
Integrator time constant 1
TI2
Integrator time constant 2
Table 10: Thermal limiter parameters.
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3 STAANDARD MODDELS
3.1 Sttandard Mo
odel IEEE 42
21.5 ST8C
For the next revisio

on of the IE
EEE standa
ard 421.5 a new static excitation m
model ST8C
C is proposed,
see Figure 7 simila
ar as prese
ented in [5],, which will allow a pre
ecise modeelling of the THYNE5 and
a
THYNE
E6 excitation
n system. The correspo
onding para
ameters (inc
cl. calculatioon) are liste
ed in Table 11.
The diffferential com
mponent of the voltage
e regulator KDU cannot be represennted by the ST8C mod
del.
Figure 7: P
Proposed IE
EEE 421.5 ST8C
S
modeel.
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Symbol
Parameter name
Value
Unit
KP
Potential circuit gain coefficient KP = KT, SW1 = A (shunt field)
KI1
Potential circuit gain coefficient
p.u.
XL
Potential circuit gain coefficient
p.u.
KI2
Potential circuit gain coefficient for compound
p.u.
KC1
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance
p.u.
KC2
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance
p.u.
RC
Active power compensation (droop) factor RC =
p.u.
XC
Reactive power compensation (droop) factor XC =
p.u.
TR
Time const. voltage transducer TR = TFU
KPR
Proportional gain, voltage controller KPR = VPU
p.u.
KIR
Integrator time constant, voltage controller KIR = VPU / TNU
1/s
VPRmin
-2.0
p.u.
VPRmax
2.0
p.u.
VIRmin
IFDF - 0.33
p.u.
VIRmax
IFDF +0.33
p.u.
VORmin
IFDF - 0.33
p.u.
VORmax
IFDF +0.33
p.u.
KF2
Field current re-normalization factor KF2 = 1/KN
TF2
Time const. field current transducer TF2 = TFI
KPA
Proportional gain, current controller KPA = VPI
p.u.
KIA
Integrator gain, current controller KIA = VPI / TNI
1/s
VPMmin
-16.0
p.u.
VPMmax
16.0
p.u.
VIMmin
-0.8660
p.u.
VIMmax
0.9962
p.u.
VOMmin
-0.8660
p.u.
VOMmax
0.9962
p.u.
p.u.
0.01
0.005
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KA
Amplification of excitation KA = KN KE
TA
Time constant rectifier
VRmin
Min. output limit, converter VRmin = KA VOMmin
p.u.
VRmax
Max. output limit, converter VRmin = KA VOMmax
p.u.
0.0013
Table 11: ST8C model parameters.
REFERENCES
[1] Andritz Hydro, GMR3 Voltage Regulator and Gate Control Functional Description,
Andritz Hydro GmbH, Austria, 2012.
[2] P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.
[3] IEC 60034-16-2 1991 Standard Rotating electrical machines - Part 16: Excitation
systems for synchronous machines - Chapter 2: Models for power system studies.
[4] IEEE Standard 421.5, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for
Power System Stability Studies" April 2006.
[5] A. Glaninger-Katschnig, F. Nowak, M. Baechle and J. Taborda, New Digital Excitation
System Models in addition to IEEE.421.5 2005, IEEE PES General Meeting, 2010
Cliente / Client
Cerro del guila S.A
Dibujado / Drawn
Archivo / Filename
Central / Plant
Cerro del guila HPP
Compr. / Check.
Ind.
Fecha / Date
Proy. / Proj. N
H110.002217
Aprobado / Appr.
01
07.05.2015
Hoja / Page 19
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DOC N
PE-ADZ-7E05010104-MDC-948
18.03.2016
de / of
19

Modeling the THYNE5/THYNE6 Excitation System for Cerro del Águila HPP

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Modeling the THYNE5/THYNE6 Excitation System for Cerro del Águila HPP

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R01

Lista de Pieezas / Partslist

Peso / Weight (kg)

Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection .........................................................................................................5

Standard Model IEEE 421.5 ST8C ...........................................................................................................................17

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Fecha de Arch. / Filedate

ANDRITZ HYDRO DOES NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION

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Cerro del guila HPP

Fecha de Arch. / Filedate

Cerro del guila S.A

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SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS

2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection

Rated apparent power

Rated terminal voltage

d-axis synchronous reactance

d-axis transient reactance

d-axis sub transient reactance

q-axis synchronous reactance

q-axis transient reactance

q-axis sub transient reactance

Stator leakage reactance

d-axis transient open circuit time constant

d-axis sub transient open circuit time constant

q-axis transient open circuit time constant

q-axis sub transient open circuit time constant

Overall inertia of turbine and generator

Excitation current at rated load

Excitation voltage at rated load

Excitation current at no-load air-gap

Table 1: Synchronous generator data.

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Fecha de Arch. / Filedate

Rated apparent power

Rated primary voltage

Rated secondary voltage

Short circuit voltage

Table 2: Step-up transformer data.

Minimum short circuit power

Maximum short circuit power

Table 3: Grid connection data.

Figure 1: Model structure.

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Cerro del guila HPP

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2.2 THYNE5/THYNE6 Static Excitation System

Terminal voltage magnitude

Terminal current magnitude

Terminal current active component

Terminal current reactive component

Filtered compensation voltage

Filtered excitation current

Reference voltage (set-point)

Reference excitation current (set-point)

Under excitation limiter output

Thermal limiter output

Over excitation limiter output