8/12/2014

Full text of "Structural Steel Work"

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Full text of "Structural Steel Work"

DESIGN OF ROOF FRAMING
439
A disadvantage in connection with " saw-tooth'' roofs is the
difficulty of providing natural top ventilation. Louvred ventilator
frames are manifestly impracticable, and louvres in the glazing are
apt to be unsatisfactory because, being on one (and that the northerly) side only of each ridge, they more frequently act as inlets for
the northerly winds, and the sleet which so often accompanies them,
than as outlets for the used and vitiated air from the interior of the
building.
In Fig. 293 is shown a convenient system for the arrangement of
web members in a saw-tooth roof truss, which may be modified to
suit special circumstances.
The methods of analysis for stress determination, and for design,
described with regard to ordinary symmetrical roof trusses, may, of
course, be used for the treatment of saw-tooth roof trusses 'also.
Such trusses, it will be noticed, could not conveniently be built
of spans so large as those which are suitable for symmetrical trusses,
and hence, more stanchions or girders are required (as a general
rule) for roofs having saw-tooth trusses than for those formed with
ordinary symmetrical trusses.
99. Ventilation and Lighting Frames.Louvred ventilator and
lantern frames may be fitted about the ridges of symmetrical roof
trusses, as indicated in Figs. 294 and 295.
Care should be taken to prevent local bending in the rafters of
the trusses, by either applying the posts of the frames at existing
panel points on the rafter, as in Fig. 294, or providing additional
web members to form such panel points under the posts, as in Fig. 295.
The frames should be braced, as shown, either as in Fig. 294
(the bar AB being capable of acting as a strut, and the bars AC and
BC as ties), or as in Fig. 295 (the bars AC and BC being designed as
struts), or some equivalent modification of those arrangements, to
provide stability against wind pressures.
Details for such frames are so simple, and will so readily suggest
themselves for individual cases, that it seems unnecessary to give
any here.
100. Purlins.The design and action of steel purlins for roofs
is a fruitful source of difficulty to students.

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